What time to put the baby to bed. When can a newborn be placed on the tummy? Laying out a newborn on the stomach: rules and tips. How does melatonin - the "sleep hormone" work?

Ideally, the newborn should sleep from 17 to 20 hours a day. But it turns out that every baby sets his own rhythm according to his biological clock. Moreover, studies have established that such hours are inherent in everyone at the genetic level and do not depend on education and the influence of the environment.
The reasons why a baby cannot fall asleep in any way, although it really wants to, can be very different. Even a doctor is sometimes unable to determine why this happens. But, nevertheless, the child should still be shown to a good pediatrician in order to exclude the physiological causes of poor sleep.

Health-related causes of poor sleep:

1. intestinal colic (more than 70% of babies cannot sleep for this very reason);
2. respiratory failure(for example, when a baby has a runny nose);
3. increased body temperature;
4. skin irritations, diaper rash;
5. Iron-deficiency anemia;
6. rickets (the child shudders when falling asleep);
7. neurological problems.

I must say that problems with the nervous system are not so common. And, most likely, the reason for your baby's poor sleep is something else. However, it is still worth getting a consultation with a neurologist. In addition to physiological, there are also emotional causes of sleep disorders.

Emotional causes of poor baby sleep:

1. negative situation in the house;
2. mother's bad mood or depression (especially if the baby is breastfed);
3. long and regular stays away from home (for example, a child often visits a clinic where there are many outsiders);
4. the constant presence of a large number of people in the house.

Such problems can be solved independently by improving the situation. A mom who is in a state of anxiety may need to see a psychologist.
The remaining causes of poor sleep in a newborn are not related to either the emotional background or health problems. However, they are the most common.

Other reasons:

• wet diapers or an overfilled diaper;
• hunger;
• the baby is cold or hot;
• the baby confused day and night;
• individual characteristics of the child.

Every mom knows how to deal with wet diapers and hunger. Personality means that gotta be patient And give the child time to growperiod of "cry instead of sleep." Doctors say that such cases are extremely rare.
If a newborn does not sleep because he is hot or cold, then parents need to monitor how their child is dressed for sleep and what is the temperature in the room. A certain ritual of laying will solve the confusion with day and night.

What time is it better for a baby to go to bed at night and during the day?

It is difficult to name the exact time when it is better to put an infant to bed. The baby himself determines his biological rhythm. But letting everything take its course is also not worth it, otherwise you may encounter the fact that at night the baby will constantly wake up, and then sleep all day.
There is an approximate calculation of the time of sleep, which should be followed.

1. On average, in the first 3 months, the child should sleep 18 hours a day.
2. Divide this time into night and day: 10+8 or 9+9.
3. 8-9 hours of daytime sleep can also be divided: 4 + 4 or 3 + 3 + 3.
4. Night sleep will also be divided into 2-4 periods, depending on the feeding regimen.

Ideally, the newborn should fall asleep at night at the same time as the mother, that is, around 9 pm. Then he wakes up at midnight and at 3 am for feeding. At 6 o'clock for the baby, morning comes.

The daytime sleep of the child should be different from the night one, and about 2 hours should be taken for a walk, during which the child should also sleep.

How to put to sleep and rock a baby during the day or at night?

First of all, so that the child does not confuse day with night, it is necessary to create a certain ritual of falling asleep. Repeating the same actions daily, you will soon see that they serve as certain signals for the child.

Bedtime signals for baby

1. Bathing. This is the main difference between nighttime and daytime sleep. Water procedures will “tell” the child that now it is necessary to fit in for a long time.
2. Lighting. The baby should feel that it is always darker at night than during the day, so only weak light (night light) is allowed at night.
3. Sounds. The apartment (preferably outside the window) should be as quiet as possible.
4. Feeding. Feed your baby a little more than usual before bed at night.

Getting into such conditions every evening, the baby will "tune in" for a long and sound sleep. During the day, the lighting is brighter and the sounds are louder, so the child simply cannot sleep for 3-4 hours.

However, certain conditions are not everything. Very important herself laying procedure.

1. Feed your baby and wait for him to burp.
2. If the baby is still awake, rock him in your arms (in the stroller or in the cradle), while stroking. Movements should be smooth.
3. Slowly walk around the room with him, monotonously singing or telling a story.
4. When the first phase of sleep comes, do not rush to put the baby in the crib, wait until the baby is completely relaxed.

Did you know that Russia is one of the countries with the latest bedtime for children at night?
At one time, I was extremely surprised to learn that in the USA or Great Britain, children up to a year old are put to bed at 18-19 hours, and older babies at 19-20.00.

A recent study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development compares how much, on average, children sleep in different countries And what time does the night begin for these children. More than 21,000 children from 0 to 3 years old participated.
Some numbers below: they speak for themselves:

Unfortunately, Russia was not included in the analysis, but it is not difficult to assume that, on average, Russia coincides with the data of Asian countries.

It would seem: and what is it about late bedtime? And why does the baby need to be put to bed early?

There are several aspects to this issue.

Children who go to bed later sleep less on average.

A familiar story when your child always wakes up before dawn, regardless of bedtime? Or does not want to get up in the morning kindergarten, is it necessary? Or wakes up from the sunlight hitting the window, the noise of the neighbors.

If your child goes to bed at 11 p.m. and wakes up at 10 a.m., then you are in luck, because in most cases this is not the case. As a rule, children go to bed quite late, but get up early enough.

Sleep is regulated by two systems: circadian rhythm and homeostatic power.

From the very morning after getting up, a substance such as adenosine begins to accumulate in the body. When the level of adenosine reaches a certain threshold, the body receives a signal to reduce this level. That means it's time to go to bed. This mechanism is called homeostatic power, which makes us sleep at certain intervals. If we try not to sleep more than our average interval, then after a while we will just pass out.

The second mechanism is circadian rhythm . He dictates to us exactly when we need to sleep. In simple terms, the circadian rhythm is the body's internal clock. Necessary for coordination of activities of organs and systems of our body. Each cell of the body does not live by itself, but is controlled by the general rhythm of the body.
The main synchronizer of our circadian rhythm is sunlight. What does it mean? In order for our body to want to sleep at night and be able to stay awake during the day, we synchronize with local time through exposure to sunlight.
The retina of the eye receives light and transmits the signal to the brain. The brain, in turn, issues commands within the body. In the evening, with the onset of twilight, the concentration of melatonin, the sleep hormone, increases in the body. In the morning, with the onset of dawn, it decreases.

In the morning, our body receives a very powerful signal to start a new day. You probably know the experience of changing time zones, when in the morning in a new place you still woke up at home time (despite lack of sleep).

Approximately the same story happens with a sleep deprived child: a promise to start the day makes him get up early . Even if he did not choose the optimal duration of sleep.

If a child goes to bed quite late and gets up very early, this often does not mean getting adequate sleep. As a rule, a sleep deprived child wakes up early because his body receives a powerful command to start the day. This is why many children who go to bed late sleep less on average.

The ideal bedtime for a baby is much earlier than parents usually think.

For example, a study was conducted at the University of Colorado, during which the level of melatonin, the sleep hormone, was measured in the blood of children 2-3 years old. Scientists have found that the average time when the concentration of melatonin was most favorable for the child to fall asleep was -19.40. That is, the children were ready to sleep around 20.00. And they are ready from a physical point of view.

If a child does not sleep when he should, his body is working to wear out. After all, physically the body should sleep at this time: this is provided by nature. If, in fact, the child goes to bed much later: thus the whole organism is affected.

Many parents say that it is personally inconvenient for them to put the child to bed earlier. If you are one of those parents, then just think: do you accept the fact that your baby's body is under constant stress from late bedtime?

What happens? On the one hand, there is an optimal time for a child to start a night's sleep. On the other hand, there is the average age norm of sleep. In addition, most children have too much urge to wake up in the morning around 6-8 in the morning. All together gives a certain formula: a fairly early bed, a long night's sleep and a rise no later than 8 in the morning.

Children who go to bed later have more frequent sleep problems.

The study says that one in two parents in countries where it is customary to start the night late reported some difficulty with their child's sleep. At the same time, in countries where it is customary to go to bed early, only one in four parents said so.
Why? See morepast material on the biological norm of the early onset of sleep.

Late bedtime and late rise are better than late bedtime and early rise.

There are families in which small children go to bed very late, but they also get up very late. Of course, from the point of view of human biology, there is nothing good here, but in this case, the situation is much better than when the child as a whole does not choose the proper amount of sleep.

If your child stays up late, then I recommend estimating the total amount of sleep he gets during the day. It is possible that the child is not sleeping well.

Modern lifestyle is not conducive to healthy sleep. It is not always possible to stick to a perfectly early time. But knowledge gives you a choice. You can always find an option that is acceptable for parents and better for the child. Even 30 minutes play a role: if you can't shift your bedtime by 2 hours, try at least shifting it by half an hour to an hour.

Yes, going to bed early requires some planning in daily life. You will not be able to walk until 21.00. And if you want to go to visit in the evening, you will have to think about what to do with putting the child to bed: call your grandmother, invite guests to your place, or reschedule the event to an earlier time?

Sometimes moms say that going to bed early doesn't make time for dad, who comes home late from work. If this is your problem, then think: is it possible for dad to spend time with the baby in the morning (if the child gets up early) before leaving for work? Or is it possible to dedicate half a day on Saturday to games and walks with the child while mom goes about her business? Of course, sometimes it is impossible to combine the incompatible, but the child's sleep should always be a priority. After all, sleep is the key to optimal health and development.

Sleep is the most important part of our life, which is responsible not only for the feeling of cheerfulness, but also for the health of our body. Neck and back pain, migraine, dizziness and fatigue are often the result of improper distribution of the load on the spine. The redistribution of the load is provided by an orthopedic pillow with a memory effect.

"Memory effect", or "memory effect", provides a special material that is the basis of memory pillows. When such material is exposed to the weight and temperature of the head and neck, it sags and acquires the appropriate shape, which is maintained during sleep. Upon termination of exposure, the material restores its original appearance.

It is important to note that all the materials that are part of orthopedic pillows are hypoallergenic, dust mites, mold and pathogenic microorganisms cannot live in them. They have high breathability, low thermal conductivity, so the product does not heat up from body temperature and does not cause excessive sweating.

The following materials are used at the heart of the pillow with memory:

• viscoelastic polyurethane foam - an artificial material with high air permeability due to the porous structure;
• viscolatex is a modified highly elastic foam, which includes a latex component;
• specialized gel (aquagel, technogel, ecogel) - a material with a cooling effect, an orthopedic pillow with gel most often additionally contains polyurethane foam;
• silicone base.

Before buying, you need to decide on the stiffness, shape, size and height of the orthopedic pillow that you prefer. To do this, you can lie on different pillows for five minutes in your usual position.

The rigidity of memory foam pillows is determined by the material. So, pillows made of viscoelastic polyurethane foam, viscolatex and silicone have a medium hardness, which is suitable for people who prefer to sleep on their side or back. And products made of viscolatex and specialized gel have moderate rigidity, which makes them similar to holofiber pillows, but does not reduce the orthopedic effect. Viscolatex and gel are great for sleeping on your back or stomach.

The shape of the product may be different, but orthopedists recommend sleeping on rectangular pillows. This form of pillow better supports the correct position of the spine during sleep. For people who prefer to sleep on their side, it is recommended to buy a pillow-roller or with a notch for the head.

The advantage of memory-effect orthopedic pillows is that an anatomical shape of the material arises in any position of the head and neck. Therefore, you can choose the stiffness that will be most comfortable for sleeping.

Size may vary. But the memory effect is better manifested in those products whose width is not more than forty centimeters, and the length is not more than seventy. The smaller the size of the memory pillow, the better it retains the desired shape.

The height of the orthotic pillow should exactly match your physique. To determine the height, you need to measure the distance from the shoulder to the neck - the resulting value is the desired size, usually the height is up to fourteen centimeters. The height should be greater if the mattress has a high rigidity. Or less when you're used to sleeping on your stomach or on a soft mattress.

The presence of the memory effect is the most important selection criterion. In order to test its effectiveness, you can conduct a small experiment. You need to put your hand on the orthopedic pillow and press. The material should take the exact shape of the palm, as if a plaster cast of it had been made. After that, the hand must be removed, and the memory pillow will return to its original shape within five seconds.

Indications and contraindications for use

Determining if you need an orthopedic pillow with memory is quite simple. You should opt for a specialized sleep product if you have one or more of the following symptoms:

• stiffness of the movements of the neck and shoulder girdle in the morning;
• muscle pain in the neck or shoulder;
• headache that comes in the morning;
• osteochondrosis;
• high fatigue;
• lack of feeling of cheerfulness in the morning;
• neck injury.

But with all the advantages of orthopedic pillows, it is impossible on your own, without the control of a traumatologist and orthopedist, to make a purchase after serious injuries of the cervical spine. It is also recommended to consult a specialist for those who suffer from dermatitis, allergies or bronchial asthma in order to exclude an exacerbation of the disease due to the material of the product.

Product care

The material with a memory effect has an important feature in the care, it should not be exposed to high temperatures or excessive moisture. Therefore, orthopedic pillows with a memory effect should not be washed on their own or dry-cleaned. Various cleaning chemicals damage the structure and quality of the product. It is also forbidden to keep in direct sunlight, bend or twist and store heavy objects under pressure.

After purchasing the product, at first it is difficult to get used to the specific position of the neck and head during sleep, the orthopedic pillow seems too uncomfortable or hard. But you need to give the body time to get used to the correct posture, which will alleviate the condition of the cervical and shoulder regions, relieve headache and muscle pain. To do this, you need to endure only the apparent inconvenience from the orthopedic pillow for about two weeks. After that, every morning you will feel lightness in the movements of the neck, cheerfulness.

One of the most common diseases in newborns is congenital muscular torticollis in infants. This diagnosis is very peculiar, it can be made by one specialist, and another one can refute it. This is because this disease is often confused with muscle tone. You can see a photo of this disease below.

Why does torticollis appear?

It is believed that the main cause of torticollis in infants is a congenital underdevelopment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which is located on the lateral surface of the neck. There may be other causes of this disease, trauma of the cervical spine during childbirth, for example.

As a result of damage to the muscle, a certain defect appears. With torticollis, the baby's head will be tilted towards the injured muscle, while it will be turned in the opposite direction to the damage and slightly tilted back. The shoulder blade and shoulder girdle with severe torticollis will be slightly higher, and the back of the head on the healthy side may be slightly sloping. Sometimes there may be a slight asymmetry of the face. It is also possible that the child is lagging behind in psychomotor development with moderate and severe torticollis.

On the one hand, this is not the worst diagnosis, it is treated quite easily and quickly. On the other hand, children who have had this disease are prone to other diseases of the musculoskeletal system. For example, they may develop osteochondrosis or pathological kyphosis in the future. The reason in this case will be the incorrect formation and development of the muscular corset of the neck and back. That is why it is very important to notice this problem in time.

If you did not find the above symptoms in a child, but at the same time he likes to keep his head turned to one side and sleep on one side, then he most likely has muscle tone. It also varies, but that's much less of an issue.

What is the most effective treatment method?

Treatment of the disease begins as early as 2-3 weeks of age. Depending on the severity of the disease, an individual course of treatment is also determined, which may include positional treatment, massage, gymnastics, electrophoresis and magnetotherapy.

Massage

Practice shows that the most effective method treatment of torticollis in a child - massage. But at the same time, the child must be trusted by a good specialist with high qualifications, and not by a random person. Massage in this case aims to relax the muscles of the neck and allow them to take a normal natural position.

Some of the simplest massage techniques you can perform on your own:

• slightly take the child's head first to one side, then to the other side;
• it is easy to stroke the neck with two fingers from ear to collarbone;
• gently and gently rub the “thickening” in the sore muscle.

The healthy side also needs a massage, but more vigorous. It is designed to increase muscle tone.

In addition, you need to be able to properly carry a child with such a disease in your arms, which will also be useful for the baby:

• pick up the child in an upright position and press him to your chest. The child's shoulders should be at the same level as yours. Gently and smoothly turn the child's head to the affected side and fix this position with the cheek;
• taking the child in his arms with his back to you (in a vertical position), turn his head to the sore side with your cheek, while tilting it slightly to the healthy side;
• carry the baby on the "sick" side with your back or facing you. At this time, it is necessary to support his head, lifting it in a healthy direction.

Gymnastics

With such a diagnosis as "torticollis" in infants, classes in the pool are almost always indicated. In this case, the water temperature should be 35-36 degrees. But all exercises that can be performed in the water must first be shown by the instructor.

And the simplest gymnastics with a baby can be done independently. At the same time, it must be performed regularly - in the morning and in the evening. The main movements performed:

• circular movements of the baby. In this case, the forearms of the baby must be fixed by an adult;
• head tilts;
• lifting the head when the child is lying on its side;
• lifting the head of a lying child hanging from a table or couch.

One of the most effective exercises is this:

• when the child is lying on his back, the adult takes him by the fists and gently and smoothly pulls the child towards himself, thus encouraging him to sit down.

Position treatment

It is also one of the mandatory items in the treatment of a child. In this case, the child is laid in such a way that something that attracts attention (bright toys, colored film) hangs on the sick side, and on the healthy side there is an even plain wall. In this case, the baby should lie on a medium-hard mattress without a pillow, raised at the head by 15-20 degrees. You can also use a special orthopedic pillow.

Charging and massage as a disease prevention

As you can see, curing torticollis in a baby is not difficult. The main thing is not to miss and not let this disease take its course. We wrote about its unpleasant consequences above. In the same severe cases doctors prescribe surgery.

Immaturity of the hip joint in newborns: causes and treatment

Immaturity of the hip joint in newborns - pathological condition, at which the articulation is not formed quickly enough. At the birth of a child, the main part of his hip joints consists of cartilage tissues. The ossification nuclei are localized in the area of ​​the heads of the femoral bones of the joints, and their nucleus sizes are 3-6 mm. Sometimes such zones appear later, more often up to six months of age.

The immaturity of the femoral nuclei is often combined with various forms of dysplasia. Previously, these concepts were identified, highlighting immaturity as an early form of dysplasia. Now the immaturity of the hip joints is considered as a separate pathological condition, despite the similarity of diagnosis and treatment. In therapy, only conservative methods are used - physiotherapy and massage procedures, wearing orthopedic devices. And to eliminate severe forms of dysplasia, surgery is required.

Characteristic features of pathology

Underdevelopment of the hip joint (HJ) is diagnosed in more than 20% of newborns, and four times more often in girls than in boys. Unlike dysplasia, with immaturity, hip joints are able to form correctly, but this happens much more slowly than the norm. Since children's joints and spine consist of a large number of cartilage tissues, their temporary immaturity is quite physiological. The diagnosis is exposed on the basis of a delay in the development of ossification nuclei. The remaining signs of immaturity are considered a variant of the norm:

• large size of the acetabulum;
• their flat shape;
• increased elasticity of the elements of the ligament-tendon apparatus.

But with a combination of such structural features and immaturity of hip joint, the development and progression of dysplasia, a disease that is dangerous for its severe consequences, is possible. Therefore, pediatric orthopedists do not wait for the formation of ossification foci, but take measures to ensure the full development of HJ.

Causes and provoking factors

In some cases, the immaturity of the hip joints in a newborn can be predicted due to the complicated course of pregnancy. If during the bearing of a child a woman exacerbates chronic diseases or she has an acute form of infection, medication is required. Drugs of certain clinical and pharmacological groups (antibiotics, immunomodulators, cytostatics) often provoke adverse reactions. One of them may be a slowdown in the formation of ossification nuclei. Other causes of physiological immaturity of the hip joints in newborns:

• breech presentation of the fetus;
• severe form of toxicosis during most of the pregnancy;
• the absence in the diet of the expectant mother of a sufficient amount of trace elements, fat- and water-soluble vitamins;
• sharp fluctuations in hormonal levels;
• complicated childbirth.

In premature babies, the immaturity of HBS is almost always diagnosed, and there is a logical explanation for this. The child was born prematurely, so the ossification nuclei are only at the stage of formation. Often, physiological immaturity is provoked by insufficient intake of nutrients and biologically active substances necessary for the proper development of the musculoskeletal system to the fetus. But there are also genetic prerequisites, usually identified at the stage of pregnancy planning.

The hormonal background of the expectant mother influences the slow formation of ossification nuclei. For example, before childbirth, an increased amount of relaxin begins to be produced by the ovaries and placenta. This hormone helps to relax the ligaments of the pubic joint of the pelvic bones, the expansion of the pelvis, the normal course of childbirth. But selectivity for this hormone is not typical. Therefore, at the same time, the bone structures of the fetus are softened, provoking underdevelopment of the hip joints.

Clinical picture

The underdevelopment of the hip joints in newborns is sometimes detected in the maternity hospital during the first examination of a pediatric orthopedist. But unlike dysplasia, the immaturity of HJ does not manifest itself with severe symptoms, especially during the first days of a child's life. Signs of delayed ossification and abnormal articulation usually occur after 3 months. What parents or pediatrician may notice at the next examination:

• hip shortening;
• decreased muscle tone;
• asymmetrical arrangement of skin folds;
• the occurrence of an obstacle when trying to abduct the joint;
• a characteristic click when retracting the hip joint.

The earlier the pathology is diagnosed, the faster and more successfully the therapy takes place. Underdevelopment can be detected by an external examination, complaints from parents, and functional testing. The results of ultrasound and X-ray studies help to confirm the diagnosis. Although radiography is considered the most informative method, it is contraindicated in children under 3 months. The degree of maturity of the hip joint is determined by the parameters of Graf's ultrasonic classification. For example, type 2a according to Graf is an immature dysplastic joint.

Ossification of the femoral heads occurs at about the age of 7 months in girls, 9 in boys. If the treatment of immaturity of the hip joints is carried out before the child reaches six months, then in the future they are formed within the normal range.

Treatment Methods

When diagnosing hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the hip joints in newborns, its form is established. This allows pediatric orthopedists to quickly determine the necessary treatment methods to correct the further formation of hip joint.

Dysplastic changes often accompany the immaturity of the hip joints. The most dangerous is congenital hip dislocation, which, if left untreated, leads to clubfoot, lameness, and posture disorders. Predislocations and subluxations are found more often, but they are much easier to correct by conservative methods.

Conservative therapy

Treatment of underdevelopment of the hip joints in newborns of mild degree begins with massage. The procedure is performed only by a specialist with a medical education, who is well acquainted with the anatomy of young children. Subsequently, after the child's recovery, parents can do massage to prolong the clinical effect and for prevention.

Description of exercises:

More

The treatment of HJ immaturity complicated by dysplastic changes requires a slightly different approach. For some time, the hip joints are fixed for ossification in a physiological position. You can do this by properly swaddling a newborn:

• the diaper is folded so that a triangle is formed, pointing down;
• put a diaper on the baby and put it on the diaper so that its upper ends are located on both sides of the belt;
• bend your legs at an angle of 80 °;
• Wrap the sides of the diaper around the legs, and fasten the lower part to the belt.

If swaddling is carried out correctly, then the baby is in the “frog” position. In some cases, to give such a position, the wearing of a Frejk pillow, a coxite bandage, or other orthopedic devices is indicated. They are used for several months, and when diagnosing serious dysplastic changes - 1-2 years.

The correct formation of hip joint is facilitated by daily therapeutic exercises. A set of exercises is developed by an exercise therapy doctor, who conducts the first classes. He shows parents how to bend the baby's legs, rotate the feet, knead the heels. The “bike” exercise is very useful, during which all the articulation structures are involved.

If the child has already learned to walk, then pediatricians recommend purchasing an orthopedic mat. Its surface imitates river pebbles, large pebbles or sand. Walking on such a rug stimulates blood circulation in the legs, promotes accelerated recovery.

Joint treatment More >>

Pharmacological drugs are rarely used in the treatment of underdevelopment of the hip joint in newborns. Children's orthopedists recommend taking vitamins that accelerate regeneration processes. Physiotherapeutic procedures, usually electrophoresis, are also prescribed. Tampons soaked in drug solutions are applied to the hip joint, and metal plates are placed on top. An electric current is passed through them, under the influence of which the drug molecules penetrate and are evenly distributed in all tissues of the joint. When carrying out medical procedures, a calcium solution is usually used to accelerate the formation of ossification nuclei.

Surgical intervention

If conservative treatment fails, the doctor may decide to perform an operation. When diagnosing ordinary immaturity, this method of therapy is not used. Surgical intervention is necessary when concomitant dysplasia is detected - a congenital dislocation of the hip joint. If the child is one year old, then the doctor prescribes a bloodless reduction of the joint according to the method of Adolf Lorenz. Under anesthesia, the surgeon returns the femoral head to the physiological position. Then the pelvis and legs are immobilized for about six months. To do this, a coxite plaster bandage is applied, fixing the child's legs in a divorced position.

Treatment history:

Rarely, open surgery is performed. This is the reduction of a congenital dislocation with a dissection of the articular bag, and sometimes a deepening of the acetabulum. To give the correct configuration of the femur, an osteotomy is performed. When choosing best method the surgeon takes into account the degree of deformation of the cavity of the pelvic region and the elasticity of the ligaments. During the rehabilitation period, massage and physiotherapy procedures, daily therapeutic exercises are shown.

Therapy for underdevelopment of hip joint is carried out immediately after diagnosis, as the child grows, and the ossification nuclei do not form. There are too many elastic cartilage tissues in the joints that do not turn into bones. Therefore, one of the main tasks of modern pediatric orthopedics is the early detection of a pathological condition.

In almost every consultation, we begin our discussion with the mother from this very question.

Moreover, the situation strongly depends on the country of residence. In Russia, for example, I see every day how people with babies and one-year-old children go out into the street at 20-00, or even later.

Where? For what? What to do there if it's winter outside and it's already dark? Therefore, today a detailed answer to the question: what time to put the child to bed?

Time to sleep

Surely you have heard more than once from grandmothers or older relatives that babies should fall asleep no later than 9 pm, and wake up in the morning by 6-7 o'clock. Count, from 21:00 to 6:00, the baby will sleep for 9 hours, with a daily sleep rate of 12 hours, during the day the little one will have to sleep for another 3 hours.

This is what they did in Soviet times. Such a schedule was convenient for working mothers who came out of maternity leave after a year, and three hours of daytime sleep fit perfectly into the daily routine of the kindergarten. Daytime sleep time slowly decreased as the children grew older, and by the first grade, sleep during daylight hours was completely abandoned.

When to put to bed?

The physiological range of time when a child should be put to bed from 3 months to 5-6 years is 18:30-21:00. Awakening - 6-7 am. Surely, you had a situation when the baby in the evening, at seven o'clock, began to rub his eyes and lay down on the pillow.

And what did you do?

• Music louder;
• Everyone around begins to entertain the baby, fearing that having fallen asleep now, he will definitely not last until the morning, but will only interrupt his sleep.

This is the wrong tactic.

The biological clock of the child turned out to be smarter than you, they clearly defined when to sleep, but when they ran into resistance, they eventually gave up and adjusted to the schedule you imposed.

Why should children be put to bed before 21-00?

1. The human body is exposed to biological rhythms, in this case we are talking about the change of day at night and vice versa. So, in the dark, the body requires rest, and the hormone melatonin indicates this. This sleep hormone helps us fall asleep, and it begins to be produced in the evening;
2. The hormone acts on the human body as a good relaxing agent: the body temperature decreases slightly, the amount of glucose in the blood decreases, the muscles are relaxed. If you do not lose this moment and lie down, then sleep will envelop you in a matter of minutes;
3. In children, melatonin begins to be produced from 18:00 to 20:30. The specific time of ideal falling asleep should be determined by you by observing the baby. Rubs his eyes or puts his head on your shoulder - do not waste a moment. If you miss it, the next two hours will be very active, the hormone melatonin is replaced by the vigor hormone cortisol. Now it will be more difficult to put the baby to sleep, tears and tantrums, as well as repeated nightly waking up, are not excluded.

What is dangerous night wakefulness of the child

Nature has determined for us when and how much a child should sleep. The most basic natural indicator - it became dark, it's time to sleep, the light in the window - we wake up.

You can fool nature, which, in fact, you do every evening, turn on the light, and curtain the windows in the morning. But the baby's body suffers with this approach. Every night, missing the ideal time for falling asleep, the child experiences stress. One hormone just relaxed him, and after a few minutes another excites him. Hence the tantrums, and waking up at night, even nightmares are possible.

But it's all right if the baby still fulfills the daily norm of sleep, for example, due to daytime rest, otherwise the child's body is working for wear and tear, and the nervous system is simply overstrained.

Is there such a thing? Then urgently change the schedule. Experimenting with sleep patterns at an early age is fraught with consequences.

Baby's age and ideal bedtime

You probably wondered why I call such a long period of time when you need to put the baby to bed. It is connected with age characteristics and individual needs of the crumbs.

So, one child needs 9 hours of night rest, and the other sleeps no more than one hour during the day, but at night he sleeps in full - twelve hours.

So, consider the ideal time when you need to put your child to bed in the evening, in relation to age.

• first three months of life. Babies from zero to three months can sleep a lot. Only rarely do they do it lying alone, in the crib. Read more about the features of sleep of a 2-month-old baby in the article At 2 months old, how much does a baby sleep?>>> Everything written there is relevant for both 1 and 3-month-old babies;

• 3-6 months. The ideal bedtime is 19:00-20:00, sleep should last until 7:00. The baby still often breastfeeds during sleep and may wake up at night to “walk” (Read the article if you are interested in the question, until how long to feed the baby at night?>>>). It is important to monitor the daily rhythm of the child, not to allow him to walk too much and put him to bed on time;
• 6-12 months. A great time to fall asleep is around 20-00, during the day the baby sleeps 2-3 times. The transition begins from three dreams to two, which can greatly disrupt the regime and shift the nightly falling asleep to a later time. At this age, there are often disruptions in dreams and the child can extremely often hang on his chest at night, and without it he cannot fall asleep at all;

It's time to start studying the course How to teach a child to fall asleep and sleep without a breast, nocturnal awakenings and motion sickness, then by the year you will improve the child's sleep and enjoy peaceful nights.

• From 1 year to 1.5. A child under one and a half years old usually has 1-2 daytime sleeps. Read more about the sleep of a child at 1 year old in the article How much should a child sleep at 1 year old?>>>

The time of departure to a night's sleep will depend on the time of awakening in the morning and the duration of the daytime sleep. In any case, it is worth striving for the child to fall asleep before 21-00;

• Age from one and a half to three years. During this period, the baby is rebuilt for one daytime sleep. Sometimes children can hardly fit into daytime sleep, sabotaging this process. If your child is 2 years old or older and you are no longer breastfeeding, then I recommend watching the seminar How to put your baby to bed quickly?>>>
• 3-4 years. The main reference point of the sleep schedule is the amount of waking time, this phase should be 5-6 hours. For example, your baby opened her eyes at 6 o'clock in the morning, daytime rest should begin no later than 12:00, two hours later the baby wakes up and enjoys life, but already at 19:30-20:00 it is time to put the child to bed.

This is a great age to teach a child to fall asleep alone, in his own crib. This online seminar will help you How to transfer a child to a separate bed?>>>

• Preschool age. If the baby attends kindergarten, check with the teachers what time the kids go to bed, and whether your child is sleeping or just relaxing. This moment is important so that you can calculate the time when you need to go to bed. The daily norm of sleep for crumbs up to 5 years is 11 hours, then every year the norm decreases by half an hour. For example, a baby at 4.5 years old, who sleeps for an hour and a half during the day, and sprinkles at 6:00 in the morning, should go to bed no later than 20:30;

Of course, the early departure of the baby to sleep has certain inconveniences. If dad comes home and the baby is already sleeping, don't be upset. You can play with your child in the morning, everyone will only benefit from such a positive start to the day.

The natural position of the newborn on the back is understandable and familiar to parents. When the conversation comes about laying the baby on her stomach, the mother has reasonable fears - the baby still does not hold her head and does not control her body well, it seems to her that he will be uncomfortable on his tummy. Vain alarms - pediatricians say that putting the baby on the stomach is useful and important: in this position, the child develops motor skills better and he learns to hold his head faster. To remove doubts, we will answer the main questions. When can a newborn be placed on the stomach? How long can he stay in this position? What's the use? How to do it correctly?

What day to start?

For a long time it was believed that it was impossible to lay a baby on the stomach until the umbilical wound was healed. Modern pediatrics has revised approaches to the development of children. Neonatologists advise parents to start laying on their stomach from the first day of a child's life. Most newborns tolerate this position perfectly and it does not harm the navel.

Some children do not like to lie in this position, then parents have to teach their crumbs. It is necessary to do this, because the position on the stomach is very useful for the newborn. You have to overcome the baby's anxiety, his whims, even tears, and in no case should you retreat. Help your treasure grow strong, agile and healthy.

What is the benefit of laying on the stomach?

For a one-month-old baby, who is used to lying on his belly, the world around him seems wider and more interesting. The exercise also has a positive effect on the physical condition of the child. Let's note all the useful points:

• Lying on the belly, the child trains the muscles of the neck in order to quickly and easily learn to hold his head (more in the article:). Other muscles of the body are also tensed, the shoulder girdle, arms, and abs are strengthened. Getting used to leaning on the handles, the newborn prepares himself for crawling.
• When laid out on the stomach, the child increases the viewing angle, sees his hands, notices toys, he develops a grasping reflex. In parallel, the mental skills of the baby are stimulated.
• Skull bones month old baby soft and from long lying on the back can flatten. To prevent the baby's head from looking flattened, you should often lay him on his stomach.
• Strengthening the neck muscles allows you to avoid torticollis in a newborn (more details in the article:). Having laid the baby on his stomach, approach him from different sides so that he tries to turn towards you.
• Being on the stomach, the child massages the belly, trains the abdominal muscles, thereby improving metabolism. Gaziki move away more easily, and the risk of colic is reduced. Education is forewarned.

Laying on the tummy correctly

You can’t just take and turn the baby on his stomach, a number of conditions must be met. Since the position is new for the vulnerable baby, mommy must do everything correctly and accurately. Adhere to the following rules:

• Lay the baby on a hard and flat surface. Use a regular or changing table for this. You can cover the floor with a sheet or blanket and put the baby on it, as long as there are no drafts and the floor is warm. A solid support will help the crumbs with the development of motor skills.
• Before you put the baby on the tummy, do not give him food. The pose can provoke regurgitation, and even after feeding, children want to sleep, not exercise (see also:).
• Be sure to be close to the newborn. Do not allow the child to bury his nose in a blanket or pillow, remove them. Watch his position, do not leave unattended even for a minute - this is especially important for 2-3 months of age, when the child is actively turning over.
• Pediatricians advise putting the newborn on the tummy naked. Check how many degrees are in the room where the child is, so as not to catch a cold.

Since the pose involves muscle training, never put your baby to bed after meals and before bedtime. Exercise is carried out only when the baby is awake.

It is better for the baby to sleep on his back, with his head turned to the side, so as not to provoke SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). Falling asleep on the belly, the baby runs the risk of burying his nose in a hard surface and blocking his breath.

How to teach a child to lie on his stomach?

If your little treasure does not like to be on the tummy, is naughty and resists, try to teach him. Remember that this position is necessary for the child for proper development. Be patient, act consistently, with an understanding of what you want to achieve. Try like this:

1. Lay the child out for a very short time, no more than 10 seconds (see also:). The main thing is that during this time the mood of the baby does not deteriorate, so that he feels comfortable.
2. Do the first exercises on your stomach: it is familiar to the child and the position will not give him a feeling of insecurity.
3. Gradually increase the time of lying on the belly, but be sure to watch when the baby begins to worry and lets you know that he is tired of lying like that.
4. Turn exercise into a daily obligatory ritual. Do it at a certain time so that the baby is ready for it.
5. Complement lying on your stomach with pleasant procedures: massage and stroking. The attention of the crumbs will switch and he will more complacently take a new position.
6. Practice without coercion. Do not insist if the baby is naughty - just try every day and little by little, maybe he will like it soon.
7. Choose the right time to practice. A lethargic, hungry, sleepy baby is unlikely to enjoy doing what bothers him.
8. To reduce the feeling of discomfort, engage the child's attention with auditory and visual stimuli. Bright toys, tweeters, buzzers are suitable for this.
9. Change the texture and color of the surface on which the baby will be. A little trick will help divert the attention of the child and improve his tactile skills.

Gradually, the baby will love classes on laying out on the tummy. If mom and dad make an effort, then very soon the baby will please them with their success.

If all your efforts do not lead to a positive result, the baby continues to resist and does not want to lie on his stomach, offer him other options.

Try turning your baby over on your tummy in the bathroom, or put your baby on a fitball. Turn the exercise into a game: get down on your back on the floor, bend your knees, lay the baby on your stomach, facing you, and fly with him on the “airplane”.

Regular activities with a child will lead you to success - especially since by a certain age, children themselves begin to like not only to lie down, but also to sleep on their stomachs. Once unloved position turns into the most convenient and comfortable.

We will find out what opinion Dr. Komarovsky adheres to. The famous pediatrician strongly advises laying the baby on the stomach from the moment of his birth. Parents who doubt their ability can watch a video of a doctor's lesson, where everything is shown clearly and easily. After reading all the recommendations, you will learn how to do it right, and after listening to the advice of the famous pediatrician, you can safely get down to business. Experience and visual videos of other moms can also help.