A 6-month-old child rarely urinates for reasons. Why babies and children older than one year old pee little and rarely: causes of problematic urination and methods of treatment. Possible pathological factors provoking the condition

• change in urine color;
• strong smell of urine;

Source: lecheniedetok.ru

Why do babies and children over one year old pee little and rarely: causes of problematic urination and treatment methods

If you notice that a baby under one year old urinates little, you should not sound the alarm ahead of time; it is better to reconsider the child’s lifestyle. This condition in children is often caused by eating disorders, psycho-emotional shocks or pedagogical errors. In other cases, it may be a sign of serious kidney disease or a developmental disorder.

Children under one year of age need to be given special attention, because, unlike older adults, they cannot complain of pain and report discomfort by screaming and crying. This behavior cannot be attributed only to banal colic or teething; you should always understand the cause of the anxiety. Otherwise, you may miss the first symptoms of a serious illness.

If your baby pees little and rarely, you should consult your pediatrician.

Normal urination rate in children depending on age

Water is very important for health; its lack can cause serious pathological changes in a child. A characteristic symptom that indicates a lack of fluid is oliguria, or insufficient urination. It can also indicate that water cannot leave the body normally - the baby consumes enough fluid, but pees less, which is also fraught with serious consequences.

Parents should pay special attention to urination of a child under one year of age, especially at night. Normally, a child should urinate at least 2 times during the night; after a year, this happens less often. An insufficient amount of urine may indicate a serious disorder in the body. However, often all problems can be solved by simply adjusting your diet and drinking regime.

Standards for how much a baby should write per day:

Sometimes you can notice that the baby begins to pee less often at night, in the morning the diaper or diapers are dry, but this does not mean that he has learned to control urination. Children under one year old are simply not capable of this.

Why does a baby's urine output decrease? Often this is facilitated by natural, physiological reasons:

• transition from breastfeeding to formula;
• the mother has little milk or it is not fat enough;
• beginning of complementary feeding, transition to the adult table;
• violation of the drinking regime, drinking a small volume of liquid;
• hot weather or wrapping your child up too much, causing him or her to sweat excessively;
• potty training and diaper weaning.

These are harmless reasons that can be easily corrected; they will pass quickly and without consequences. However, in some cases infrequent urination occurs due to a disease or developmental abnormality:

• infectious diseases of the urinary system;
• kidney pathologies in a newborn;
• excessive stretching of the bladder, when the child endures for a long time and does not go to the toilet;
• phimosis, narrowing of the foreskin in boys (more details in the article: what to do if it hurts a child, a boy or a girl, to pee?);
• nervous tension, hysteria, frequent stress;
• excessive use of diuretics, especially those taken without a doctor’s prescription or in excessive doses;
• head or spine injuries;
• dehydration, diarrhea and vomiting during an intestinal infection.

A 2-3 year old child is already able to tell his parents that something hurts. The condition of a newborn baby and infant should be closely monitored so as not to miss pathological symptoms. Signs that should alert parents and prompt them to contact a specialist:

• urination becomes rare, the stream pressure becomes weak;
• the baby pees often, in small portions, drop by drop (we recommend reading: how much should a newborn pee normally?);
• the process of urine excretion occurs only in one position and causes burning, stinging and pain;
• The baby urinates little at night - the next morning the diaper is dry.

If the described symptoms are also accompanied by signs of an inflammatory process, you should immediately consult a doctor:

• increased body temperature, even up to 37 °C;
• general weakness, lethargy, malaise;
• change in the smell and color of urine;
• bloody urine;
• crying, moodiness, restlessness during urination;
• morning swelling.

Infectious-toxic shock may develop, which will require emergency medical care. Its symptom is a significant decrease in the amount of urine excreted. Sore throat is especially dangerous; it can cause complications in almost all organs and systems.

When a baby pees a little, a specialist will order an examination to understand the cause of this disorder:

• Urinalysis: general, according to Nichiporenko, according to Zimnitsky, bacterial culture;
• general blood analysis;
• Ultrasound of the urinary system;
• CT and MRI;
• radiography using a contrast agent to identify pathologies in the structure of the kidneys and other organs.

Such diseases are easier to cure at the initial stage, so at the first symptoms you should immediately contact a specialist and begin treatment. Such disorders are dealt with by a nephrologist or urologist. He will prescribe medications aimed at eliminating the disease that causes rare urination. You should not take medications or perform procedures on your own. Diuretic drugs can only worsen the condition of the baby.

Usually, for diseases of the bladder and kidneys, a specialist prescribes:

• medications, they are prescribed strictly individually and taken according to a schedule developed by the attending physician;
• sitz baths for 15 minutes, the water temperature gradually increases from 26 to 30 °C (see also: what temperature should a child normally have at 2 months?);
• soothing compresses on the bladder area;
• therapeutic diet with a low salt content; salt in complementary foods should be completely excluded for infants;
• douching or urinating through a catheter - these methods are used if urine output is painful for the baby;
• droppers are used for severe dehydration;
• surgical intervention for serious pathology, the presence of stones or sand in the kidneys.

Since impaired diuresis occurs most often for physiological reasons, this condition can be prevented by following simple rules.

To prevent rare urination in a baby, parents need to closely monitor his condition:

• if baby food is replaced and urination decreases, you should change the formula and consult a pediatrician;
• observe the drinking regime - drink enough water: breastfed children up to 6 months have enough liquid in their mother’s milk, but in hot weather you can give additional water, and formula-fed babies simply need it;
• a nursing mother should adhere to a special diet so that the fat content of her milk does not suffer;
• introduce complementary foods in small volumes and one product at a time, according to the recommendations of the pediatrician and WHO;
• in the summer when it’s hot, you need to give your baby a lot of water and on demand, always take a bottle with you on a walk or to the clinic;
• carry out all necessary hygiene procedures on time;
• the baby may refuse to drink when he doesn’t like the sippy cup or bottle, in which case you should choose a different container;
• When teaching a potty, you should not put pressure on the child, force him to go to him, it is better to buy one that he likes together;
• for respiratory and intestinal diseases, give enough fluid, apply it to the chest more often to avoid dehydration;
• contact a pediatrician in a timely manner and treat infectious diseases, especially severe ones (flu, sore throat, etc.);
• Take medications only as prescribed by a doctor, read the instructions carefully before use.

Source: vseprorebenka.ru

Rare urination in a child: causes of the disorder

Does your child rarely go to the toilet? This phenomenon occurs in children of all ages. Often the phenomenon can be eliminated after minor adjustments to lifestyle and nutrition. But it happens that rare urination becomes a sign of a serious illness. In what cases can a phenomenon be considered normal, and when does it indicate a pathology of the urinary system? What can parents do?

Before panicking, parents should find out what can be considered the daily urine output rate for a child.

The authoritative pediatrician A. Papayan, back in Soviet times, compiled a table with the norms of urine output according to the age of the child. This table still serves as the main guideline for many pediatricians when examining a child for the presence (absence) of pathology.

You need to worry if a child goes to the toilet much less often than his peers, although in this case the reason may not be dangerous at all.

What could be the reasons for rare urination in a child, and what can parents do?

Sometimes a child begins to pee less often because he is growing quickly or experiences inconvenience, getting used to new rules of personal hygiene: when switching from diapers to a potty.

When should you sound the alarm if a child pees a little? Symptoms of serious illnesses in children

True, rare urination is not always harmless. There are a number of cases when a child pees very rarely due to illness, the presence of a serious pathology that requires immediate and thorough examination by a doctor.

• The kidneys suffer, as a result of which their ability to produce the required amount of urine per day is lost.
• There was a partial blockage of the ureters (due to inflammation, infection, injury).
• The bladder is affected (often this is a consequence of a very long abstinence, when the child suffers, does not go to the toilet, and it constantly overflows).
• Sand or stones have formed in the bladder and kidneys.
• The urethra is pinched.
• The child experiences nervous tension, and as a result, hysteria, hypochondria, and fever due to nervousness set in.
• A new growth (benign or malignant) has appeared in the blood vessels.
• Overdose. The child was treated incorrectly for another disease and was prescribed too many diuretics.
• The bladder has become distended.
• There was a head or spinal injury.
• A hidden infection “wanders” in the genitourinary tract.

The baby is urinating very poorly! Don't miss the symptoms!

At home, it is quite possible to suspect the presence of the disease.

1. The stream of urine became thin and the pressure weak.
2. Urine is not released in a stream, but in separate droplets.
3. A child can pee in only one position (squatting, standing or leaning back, but obviously not in the way intended by physiology).
4. The child complains that “the pussy burns, cuts or hurts.”

In any case, parents should not let their guard down. Have you noticed that your child is writing less often? Watch him. This can be either normal or a sign of a urological disease. Any doubt should bring parents to the doctor's office, first of all, taking general urine and blood tests.

Remember that any disease can always be successfully treated only at an early stage .

A short course of medication, a trip to a sanatorium, and a light diet will save your child from troubles forever. But in any case, the best medicine at all times is attention and love for the baby.

Source: baragozik.ru

At different ages, children may experience rare urination, and parents begin to sound the alarm: what’s wrong with the baby? Most often, panic turns out to be completely in vain: a small organism can simply adapt to a new age regime, because it grows, its food becomes more solid - accordingly, the number of urinations per day becomes less.

But sometimes there are cases when the cause of this phenomenon is a serious pathology of the urinary system, which requires long-term treatment. Therefore, first of all, you need to find out what factor caused the decrease in urine output per day.

The reasons for this phenomenon can be very different. Often, infrequent urination in an infant occurs due to the high fat content of the mother's milk. In such cases, the nurse must follow a certain diet in order to dilute the natural food for the baby. The second most common reason for this phenomenon is a decrease in urine output per day in accordance with age standards that every mother should know:

The third common reason for rare urination is improper drinking regimen. It often happens that a small body does not give signals that it needs liquid: the child does not ask to drink at all. In this case, it is necessary to regularly remind him that he needs to do this and even force him. If there is no fat content breast milk, neither the age limits indicated in the table, nor the drinking regime, rare urination may be dictated by more serious reasons:

• pathology of the kidneys, which partially lose the ability to produce the required amount of urine;
• diseases of the ureters, their partial blockage;
• damage to the bladder (often occurs when abstaining from emptying it for too long);
• uncontrolled, improper use of diuretics;
• hysteria, hypochondria, nervous fever;
• excessive distension of the bladder;
• back or brain injuries;
• stones, sand in the kidneys or bladder;
• urethral pinching;
• new formation of blood vessels;
• urinary tract infections.

Rare urination in a child caused by these diseases and pathologies will require long-term drug treatment, including surgical intervention. Therefore, it is so important to carefully monitor the condition of a small organism and recognize trouble in time.

A serious illness can be suspected if the following symptoms are present, which usually accompany infrequent urination in such cases:

• the urine stream is thin and has low pressure;
• urine is released in drops;
• this process becomes possible only with some specific, specific position of the body;
• burning, soreness;
• The urge to empty the bladder is felt, but is accompanied by pain and a feeling of strong pressure.

The main therapy is to eliminate the factors that provoked the disease. An individual approach is applied to each little patient. The main methods of treating bladder pathologies that result in rare urination are:

• 1. Sitz bath

At the very beginning of treatment, the water temperature of such a bath is 26 °C, but gradually it is increased to 30 °C. For inflammatory processes, sitz baths are prescribed once a day for 15 minutes.

Compresses may be prescribed to the location of the bladder. Sometimes more extensive compresses may be prescribed for the entire body. If there is an inflammatory process in the body, soothing compresses are applied to the baby’s lower abdomen.

• 3. Therapeutic diet

This condition in children may also depend on their diet, so with this pathology it is recommended to follow a certain diet. Firstly, food should not irritate the walls of the stomach. Secondly, you need to let your child drink as much liquid as possible.

• 4. Douching

Douching is prescribed to a child only by a doctor only if rare emptying of the bladder is accompanied by pain and discomfort. If the disorder is severe form This procedure is performed using a catheter in a hospital.

If all of the above treatment methods turn out to be ineffective, and the baby’s condition does not change or improve, the only way out can only be surgical intervention (in case of serious pathology of the genitourinary system). But to confirm the diagnosis, numerous laboratory tests, tests, ultrasound and other diagnostic methods are first carried out. However, most often, rare urination in a child does not have such serious reasons and very soon goes away with the normalization of the drinking regime and proper nutrition.

Not very abundant or infrequent urination in a child can be observed at any age. Considering the fact that the norms for this indicator change as the baby grows older, parents should familiarize themselves with the basic figures in advance. If it seems to the mother that her little one has begun to urinate little or rarely, you should not take rash independent actions, you should immediately consult a doctor and take all the necessary tests to make a diagnosis.

Only with the permission of a specialist can you use folk diuretics and even adjust the baby’s diet. According to statistics, all worries in most cases turn out to be in vain, or the condition requires only minor intervention.

Age norms for daily and one-time volume of urine excreted, number of urinations

Before you go to the doctor, you need to take into account an important circumstance. Mothers often feel that the child has begun to write less than he did several weeks or months ago. In fact, this may simply be a consequence age-related changes. Parents should stock up on a memo that indicates how many times a day at what age the baby should relieve himself, and what the normal single and daily volumes of urine are.

• From birth to six months of life. A newborn baby is able to pee up to 20-25 times a day, releasing 20-35 ml of fluid at a time. On average, they excrete up to 400-500 ml of urine per day.
• From six months to a year. The number of urinations is reduced to 15-17 per day. The one-time volume increases by approximately 5-10 ml, the daily volume - by 100 ml.
• Up to three years. The number of “approaches” is already 10-12 times. During one urination, the child excretes about 60-90 ml of the product, per day - 700-800 ml.
• Up to seven years. The number of urinations is no more than 7-9. But, if up to five years of age, 70-90 ml of liquid is removed from the child’s body at a time, then in the next two years the one-time volume is already 100-150 ml. It turns out that up to five years the daily volume of urine is 900-1100 ml, after that – 1100-1300 ml.
• Up to nine years old. With the same number of urinations, the one-time volume increases by 50 ml, the daily volume - by 200 ml.
• Up to 13 years old. Children go to the toilet little by little up to 6-7 times a day. The single volume of fluid released is close to 250 ml, the daily volume is 1800-1900 ml.

It should be taken into account that the instructions contain average indicators. Data in each specific case may shift slightly in one direction or another depending on the characteristics of the child’s development, activity and nutrition.

The main physiological reasons for infrequent urination and methods of assistance

In cases where a child begins to write little, it is first necessary to consider the possibility of exposure to physiological factors:

1. The child is not eating properly. In the case of a baby, this may be the result of non-compliance with the postpartum diet by the nursing mother. Often, a baby begins to pee less than usual when switching from natural feeding to mixed or artificial feeding.
2. The drinking regime is not observed. The specificity of a child’s body is such that it does not always give signals in the form of thirst, indicating a lack of fluid. An adult should monitor how much water the child receives per day and, if necessary, replenish these supplies.
3. Fluid leaves the body in a different way. During the summer heat, with increased activity of the child, with vomiting or diarrhea, there is simply no liquid left for the formation of urine.

If the likelihood of these causes being affected is very low, you need to visit a doctor who will necessary research and determine why the baby urinates little or rarely.

Possible pathological factors provoking the condition

All pathological causes can be divided into two large groups: in some cases, urine is not formed, in others it accumulates in the bladder, but does not come out. This is a consequence of the following factors:

• Kidney disease, which causes tissues to lose their ability to produce urine.
• Partial or complete blockage of the ureters (stones, sand in the kidneys or bladder).
• Problems with the bladder due to prolonged refusal to empty it (for example, excessive distension).
• Incorrect or prolonged use of diuretics.
• Psychological discomfort, hysteria, nervous breakdown.

Advice: Changes in the frequency and quality of urination are often observed in children who find themselves in a new environment ( kindergarten, school). In some cases, due to the child’s shyness, in others, due to improper behavior of the staff, the baby stops writing as needed. He begins to tolerate it, which quickly becomes a habit. Sometimes a simple conversation is enough to discover this reason.

• Neoplasms in the ureters and blood vessels.
• Consequences of spinal or brain injuries.
• Infectious processes in the genitourinary system.

The listed conditions are not diagnosed by eye. Even an experienced doctor must first conduct a series of studies. Parents should pay attention to the presence of symptoms characteristic of problems in this area.

Symptoms of pathology and tests that need to be taken if problems are suspected

In cases where a child pees a little, but no additional signs of pathology are observed, physiological reasons are most often to blame for the condition. You should think about problems if the following symptoms occur against the background of retention or insufficient amount of urine:

• Urine is released in drops or a very thin intermittent stream.
• A child may not write all day, and the process becomes possible only when his body is given a certain position.
• A newborn cries while passing urine, and an older baby complains of burning or soreness.
• There is an increase in body temperature, even a slight one.
• The baby's behavior changes. He becomes moody, lethargic, drowsy.
• The color or smell of urine changes significantly.
• After sleep, no matter how long it lasts, the baby develops swelling on the face.

The process of diagnosing the condition begins with a general urine test. For the purpose of a more detailed examination, urine tests are often prescribed using the Nechiporenko or Zemnitsky method, ultrasound of the excretory organs, and x-rays of the urinary ducts using a contrast agent. Only after it becomes obvious why the child’s body retains or does not produce urine, therapeutic manipulations and medications are introduced.

In cases where the diagnosis allows us to exclude pathological processes, doctors recommend ensuring that the baby does not have a large amount of salty foods in his diet. Both newborns and adolescents should receive enough fluids per day. Its volume must be increased as the child’s activity or ambient temperature increases.

If the cause of the phenomenon turns out to be a pathological process, the approach to each child should be selected individually. Most often, in case of problems with the passage of urine in a normal volume or with the required frequency, the following manipulations are used:

• Sitz baths. Initially, cool water is used, then the temperature gradually rises.
• Compresses. Most often these are soothing compresses on the bladder area, but treatment of larger areas is also allowed.
• Medical nutrition. Food prepared for a child should not irritate the walls of the stomach.
• Douching. Used as an auxiliary method for painful emptying of the bladder.

Medications are prescribed only by a doctor. You should not hope that the baby will begin to write as it should if you give him a diuretic. Such actions can significantly complicate the situation.

Read the article on how to treat erythema toxicum in newborns

Violation of the frequency of urination can be either a variant of the norm or a sign of various urological diseases. Laboratory tests and specialist consultation are required to clarify all the details of the situation. In accordance with the results of a comprehensive examination, the necessary examination may be prescribed.

Reasons for the situation

The main key to solving the problem of infrequent urination is to find out the cause. Often, correction of the drinking regime and diet, and more careful care of the child almost instantly eliminate the problem.

On the other hand, knowledge of the causes of the disease helps to correctly influence them or radically eliminate them, that is, to prevent the development of the disease or its transition to a chronic form.

The causes of infrequent urination are different for babies and older children. A small (infant) child pees little as a result of the following points:

• transition from full breastfeeding to mixed or artificial breastfeeding;
• insufficient volume of fluid consumed, especially in the hot season;
• transition from drinking from a bottle to a baby cup;
• refusal to use modern diapers (so-called “pampers”).

Rare urination in an older child, who already clearly understands and exercises control over his own excretory functions, is caused by the following situations:

• various types of psychological discomfort (reluctance to show intimate parts of the body to other people, for example, at school; lack of proper sanitary and hygienic conditions in public toilets, a false sense of something shameful in natural practices in the appropriate environment in a children's group);
• insufficient fluid intake or inconsistency with physical activity;
• urological diseases themselves.

Thus, in this situation, there are 2 main possible reasons for rare urination in children:

• producing insufficient urine;
• production of a sufficient amount of urine, but it is retained in the bladder or other parts of the urinary tract.

It is important to understand that it is possible to thoroughly and definitively understand the causes of rare urination only with the help of a specialist. Any independent attempts at treatment can lead to a worsening of the condition and provoke irreversible disorders of the urinary system.

The famous Soviet pediatrician A.V. Papayan compiled a table corresponding to the age of the child and the volume of urine excreted.

Based on the data in this table, parents of a child of any age can quite accurately determine whether the child really has impaired urination or whether this is the age norm. In this case, it is necessary to evaluate physical activity, foods included in the diet, temperature conditions, that is, all points that influence the process of urine formation.

Monitoring the number of urination acts and urine volume should be carried out over several days. It is advisable to record the amount of fluid you drink and the volume of urine you pass.

Parents should pay attention to obvious symptoms of diseases of the urinary system, namely:

• increase in body temperature (even slight);
• change in the child’s behavior (moody, lethargy, drowsiness, unusual tendency to quiet games);
• change in urine color;
• pain during urination (a small child begins to cry when sitting on the potty, and then quickly calms down);
• strong smell of urine;
• swelling of the face, especially if it occurs in the morning or is noted immediately after sleep (so-called “renal edema”).

Any of the above signs is a reason to consult a doctor and further conduct a detailed laboratory and instrumental examination.

If no changes in the child’s behavior are noted, and rare urination appears from time to time, then most likely this is an individual characteristic of a particular child.

What examinations will help to understand the situation?

Any diagnostic search is built from simple to complex. Diagnosis of urinary tract pathology begins with a general urine test. This routine research method helps guide further research in the right direction. Any diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract are manifested by changes in the general analysis of urine; accordingly, the absence of changes as such allows us to exclude such diseases.

For a more detailed examination, the following are usually prescribed:

• urine analysis using the Nechiporenko method (study of the content of erythrocytes and leukocytes in 1 ml of urine);
• urine analysis using the Zimnitsky method allows you to study in detail the amount of urine excreted during the day and its laboratory parameters);
• ultrasound and tomography to study the anatomical structure of the excretory system;
• X-ray examination with a contrast agent allows you to evaluate the rate and nature of urine output.

General principles of therapy

Treatment for urinary disorders is determined by its cause. If pathology of the urinary tract is excluded, then the following must be done:

• give the child enough fluids;
• do not overuse salty foods in your diet;
• increase the amount of fluid when the ambient temperature rises (during the hot season) or during active physical activity.

It is important to teach the child not to be embarrassed by the situation that arises and not to teach him to restrain natural urges for a long time. Prolonged overfilling of the bladder leads to backflow of urine into the ureters and higher-lying sections. In case of chronic obstruction of urine outflow, ureteral reflux and even renal failure can form.

A pediatric urologist treats diseases of the urinary tract. It is with its help that you can quickly cope with the disease and prevent its transformation into a chronic form.

Dr. Komarovsky at the forum emphasizes the need to consult a specialist at the slightest suspicion of kidney disease. Only timely treatment will help avoid complications and chronicity of the process. The laboratory and instrumental examination will not cause any harm to a healthy child.

Urinary problems in children

Children never have stable physical indicators, and the younger the child, the more they can vary. At a certain age, a child may urinate quite rarely. In such situations, most parents wonder: what’s wrong with the baby’s health?

Detailed reasons will be discussed below, but for now it is enough to understand that this may not be a disease, but a variant of the age norm. And, of course, rare urination in a child can be pathological.

If the cause is a disease, a correct and thorough diagnosis will be required, as well as a full course of treatment so that the childhood illness remains in childhood.

In addition to the frequency of urination, it is necessary to note changes in other qualities - urine indicators, its volume per day and in a single portion, the rhythm of urination.

Intermittent urination in a child is a reason to contact a specialist. Do not hesitate, since any acute pathology of the urinary tract leads to increased intoxication of the body and can be complicated by acute inflammatory processes in other organs and systems. In addition, untreated pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract often develops into a chronic condition and worries a person throughout his life.

What kind of urination in children is considered rare?

When looking for the reasons for rare urination in a child, you should start with an understanding of the process itself and its norms.

Urination is the process of filtering and removing urine from the body through voluntary muscle contraction and emptying the bladder. There are two important processes in urination - filtration and absorption (suction). The quality of urination depends on the activity and coherence of these processes.

The frequency of urination varies from place to place age groups. Human kidneys are one of the few organs that can develop outside the womb. The renal cortex and medulla can develop over several years, and the above-mentioned processes of absorption and filtration occur with their own characteristics in each age period.

To understand the facets of pathology, you need to understand what is considered normal. According to data adopted by the WHO (World Health Organization), the norms for urination in children are as follows.

Accordingly, a decrease in the frequency of urination compared to the lower limit of the age norm can be considered rare urination.

Why might urinary frequency change?

When considering this issue, it is necessary to highlight two main criteria - the child’s age and physiology. If everything is relatively clear with the first, then the second may raise questions.

The physiological nature of the problem of rare urination is caused by reasons not related to the child’s illnesses. Pathological is the opposite of physiological, indicating the presence of a disease.

Physiological reasons.

1. During the neonatal period and infancy, when the child is fed with single-component feeding (milk or formula), the reason for rare urination may be the increased fat content of the mother's milk. High-fat milk can also cause infrequent bowel movements in babies. The only effective way to avoid such problems is to regularly change the nursing breast. Primary milk, that is, milk from the “new” breast, is the least fatty. Additional soldering is also acceptable.
2. In the period from 6 months and beyond, the cause may be either a physiological change in the rhythm of urination in a child or a violation of the diet. In the latter case, you need to adjust the calorie intake and the amount of fluid consumed.

Pathological reasons.

1. Kidney diseases, both congenital and acquired. Parents, as a rule, learn about congenital pathologies in the first months. And acquired diseases include infectious diseases. In addition to rare urination, pain, burning, itching, and pain in the lower abdomen may be observed. These diseases are treated according to the cause that causes them.
2. Infectious diseases of the urinary tract or mechanical blockage of the ureters (presence of stones in the kidneys and urinary tract). They are characterized by intermittent rather than rare urination in the child. Additional symptoms are the same as for inflammatory processes in the kidneys.
3. Long forced abstinence from urination. After it, a reflex spasm of the bladder and urinary canal occurs, which causes urinary retention in children. Often this condition goes away on its own, but if it lasts a long time and causes severe pain, catheterization of the bladder is resorted to. In this case, painful urges and tension in the walls of the bladder, felt as a spasm, may occur.
4. Neurological and mental disorders. Thus, hysterical seizures can cause both urinary incontinence and acute retention. Elimination of the seizure or neurological syndrome resumes spontaneous urination. In this case, symptoms characteristic of neurological pathologies will be observed - tics, paralysis and paresis. With mental disorders, disturbances of consciousness and behavior immediately catch the eye.
5. High body temperature, leading to dehydration, and as a result, rare urination. Insufficient fluid replacement when it is lost will not allow the body to get rid of toxins.
6. Problems with urination in children can also arise due to injuries to the spinal cord and brain (concussion, fracture). In such cases, the child is given a bladder catheter for the entire period of recovery and treatment of the injury.

What tests are prescribed for children with rare urination?

For urinary disorders in children, a pediatrician, nephrologist or urologist should order examinations to determine the causes and make a diagnosis.

The following tests are prescribed:

• a general urinalysis determines the amount of fluid, its acidity, the presence of sediment, salts, glucose, leukocytes and erythrocytes, which allows us to judge the probable nature of the pathology;
• Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko allows you to identify the source and localization of the infectious process in 1 ml of urine;
• A general blood test helps determine the state of the immune system in general terms, as well as the presence of inflammatory processes in the body;
• Bacteriological culture of urine if a bacterial infection is suspected allows one to identify the pathogen in order to prescribe the necessary treatment.

In addition, research is being conducted:

• measuring the number of urination acts per day. This is the first thing parents or the child himself pays attention to;
• measuring the volume of a single portion of urine, which allows you to determine the deviation from the age norm;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and ultrasound of the kidneys, which helps to see structural changes in the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract;
• voiding cystourethrography - this innovative method allows you to visualize congenital malformations of the bladder, kidneys, and ureters;
• scintigraphy to detect tumors in the kidneys and urinary tract.

If urinary retention is not painful, you can try to provoke it with warm sitz baths and the sounds of flowing water.

If urination does not occur, you should call an ambulance to have the bladder catheterized.

If a child has urinary disorders, the first thing you need to pay attention to is nutrition and water consumption. Not every liquid is equal to water, so it is worth teaching your child to drink regular clean water regularly. Fatty and spicy foods, as well as fast carbohydrates and coffee, which tend to retain fluid in the body, should be excluded from the diet.

Urinary problems in children are not a cause for panic, but a cause for concern. Therefore, timely contact with a specialist is the main and first thing parents should do when such problems arise.

Frequency of stool and urination in newborns

Many mothers tend to exaggerate any health problems associated with children. This is understandable, because you really want not to miss anything important in order to protect the child from unnecessary suffering. To be fair, we note that in most cases, if a child urinates little, this is absolutely normal and there is no reason to panic.

When their first child is born, young parents cannot think about anything else but this tiny creature. What matters to them is how many times he ate and “stained” the diaper. If it happens that there is no urine for several days, then the mother rushes to find out what causes oliguria in children. Most often, an experienced neonatologist will calm her down, since it is normal for a newly born baby to relieve himself very rarely.

At an older age, you already need to adjust your drinking regime. There are many reasons for reducing the number of urinations. But if alarming symptoms develop, a pediatrician is urgently needed.

We said above that newborns have the right not to write for several days. Now let's give this a completely logical explanation.

During labor, your baby may urinate unnoticed. Or do it immediately after birth. Usually the first act of urination occurs during the first twelve hours. Despite the fact that the portion of urine is small, the organs of the urinary system are already complete.

If a woman chooses to give birth in water, it is very difficult to notice whether the baby has urinated or not. You need to panic when a child does not pee for three days.

Why the body produces so little urine is unknown. But the phenomenon is called transient oliguria.

After seven weeks, important changes occur in the baby’s body. Urine oxidizes and discharge occurs as it happens in adults. The process was called uric acid infarction. You can notice it by the color of the urine. It turns orange or brick, which is impossible to miss when examining the diaper.

And now, after two weeks, the urine is no different from what the parents are used to. It becomes transparent and straw-like. The volume of urinary fluid is commensurate with the amount of nutrition. Functional urination disorders in children at this stage should be alarming.

Newborns urinate on average about ten times a day. Urine comes out about 200 ml. Small deviations in both directions are allowed.

If you notice rare urination in children, you should carefully look for the reasons. This often happens if the room is too hot. At the same time, the child sweats a lot, especially if he is additionally wrapped up.

During illness, urine output will also decrease. All excess liquid comes out with evaporation. With frequent bowel movements, especially in the case of diarrhea, enough urine is not collected. During such periods, the child loses a lot of fluid and it must be replenished by any means.

When all available causes have been excluded, and the baby still pees little, contact a specialist. To begin with, let it be a pediatrician who has been observing the child since birth. If necessary, he will refer you to specialized doctors.

Now we will look at the causes of rare urination in 2-year-old children.
It is logical to assume that if a child drinks little water and eats dry food, then he will rarely go to the toilet. The urine becomes darker. Knowing this marker, you need to take timely measures so that the child’s body does not suffer from a lack of fluid.

Anuria

Urgent help is needed when the child has not urinated for two days and his bladder is empty. This situation indicates anuria - a very serious pathology.

If measures are not taken, over time the child’s general well-being will only worsen. He cries, weakens and becomes lethargic. No appetite. The skin becomes pale and wrinkled. The climax will be convulsions and then clinical death. The disease is treated only in inpatient settings. The child's condition requires close monitoring.

Kidney diseases

Kidney pathology is indicated by frequent urination, during which little urine comes out. It is necessary to rule out a urinary tract infection by first passing a urine test. And you should definitely notify your pediatrician.

Note that active children sweat a lot, so most of the liquid they drink comes out through sweat. And then the child urinates little. Reasons - 3 years. This is the age when children are usually ready to run and jump endlessly.

We said above that urine should be straw-colored. Let us add that impurities, be it blood or mucus, are not allowed under normal conditions. Smell is also important. If it is sharp, then there is reason to think about the state of the child’s health.

Heredity

Diabetes. The hereditary factor should also be taken into account. Some diseases begin to appear in children from an early age. This includes diseases such as diabetes - diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.

Alkaptonuria. We are talking about a genetic type of fermentopathy. The manifestations of the disease are very scary. If the baby urinates in the diaper, the stain turns black after a while. There is no danger to life in the case of this disease, but the long term requires attention. Alkaptone may begin to deposit in the joints. And then their mobility is impaired. Timely consultation with a doctor will prevent problems. And few parents will be able to look indifferently at the black spots left by the baby.

Physiological

Let's look at cases where rare urination in children has completely harmless causes.

Season. In the summer heat, children drink a lot and pee little. Therefore, when it gets warmer, you may find that the diaper is dry or that the child has not asked to go to the potty for a long time. Note that even in winter this is possible if you heat the room where the baby is too intensely.

Food. Older children already eat a wide variety of foods. Sometimes they can get carried away with spicy dishes or very salty ones. As a result, fluid is retained in the body and trips to the toilet will be reduced.

Mixture. Here we are talking about babies who are switched from breast milk to formula. The latter is usually denser and contains less water percentage. This is why bottle-fed babies should be supplemented with water.

Teaching to a cup. When a child is offered a cup instead of his favorite bottle, he is afraid and drinks less than usual. Over time, he will get used to it and everything will return to normal.

Potty training. The reasons for rare urination in children 2 years old may lie in changes associated with changes in the place of emptying. Previously, the baby easily and at any time urinated in the diaper, but now he does not. And he can restrain the urge and endure.

Everyone understands that as a child grows, his bladder also grows. Going to the toilet becomes less frequent, and the amount of urine produced increases.

If you are concerned, you should definitely take a urine test. In the case of pathological changes, urinary syndrome in children will be expressed by the presence of protein, blood, leukocytes and/or casts in the urine. Here you can’t do without consulting a specialist.

Congenital anomalies

Fortunately, it is quite rare for babies to be born with anomalies of the genitourinary system, but such cases have still been recorded in medicine. Below we list the main forms of defects of the urinary system in children.

• This may be the complete absence of an organ (agenesis) or the presence of one vascular pedicle (aplasia).
• Organs can become smaller while maintaining their functionality and structure (hypoplasia). If the decrease is associated with disruption of the organ, then they speak of a dysplastic form of hypoplasia.
• In case of disturbances in the pace of development, when organs either grow rapidly or lag behind, the term dyschrony is used.
• Narrowing of the urethra and other openings is called stenosis.
• There are also extra organs, for example, three kidneys instead of two.
• In the case of ectopia, the organ takes the wrong place.

Diagnosing such anomalies requires a thorough examination of young patients. Some of them do not give any symptoms and are discovered randomly, but there are others that cause the child to rarely urinate.

If you are afraid of missing a problem, voice it to your pediatrician. Based on his experience, he will tell you whether there is cause for concern or whether it is simply excessive anxiety on the part of the parents.

Does your child rarely go to the toilet? This phenomenon occurs in children of all ages. Often the phenomenon can be eliminated after minor adjustments to lifestyle and nutrition. But it happens that rare urination becomes a sign of a serious illness. In what cases can a phenomenon be considered normal, and when does it indicate a pathology of the urinary system? What can parents do?

Norms of urination in a child per day

Before panicking, parents should find out what can be considered the daily urine output rate for a child.

The authoritative pediatrician A. Papayan, back in Soviet times, compiled a table with the norms of urine output according to the age of the child. This table still serves as the main guideline for many pediatricians when examining a child for the presence (absence) of pathology.

You need to worry if a child goes to the toilet much less often than his peers, although in this case the reason may not be dangerous at all.

What could be the reasons for rare urination in a child, and what can parents do?

Doctors say that any deviation from the norm may depend on a violation of the diet, drinking regime, and also the weather: as you know, in the heat a child needs more water, although he pees much less often.

Sometimes a child begins to pee less often because he is growing quickly or experiences inconvenience, getting used to new rules of personal hygiene: when switching from diapers to a potty.

But attention! If in young children the reasons may lie on the surface and require only adjustments to the daily routine or diet, then in children of preschool or primary school age they may require examination by pediatricians and even psychologists. Delay in urination may indicate not only an inability to follow basic hygiene rules, but also psychological discomfort or hidden complexes. Have you noticed a similar problem in a schoolchild? First, have a heart-to-heart talk with him. Perhaps he is simply ashamed to go to the toilet in front of his classmates.

When should you sound the alarm if a child pees a little? Symptoms of serious illnesses in children

True, rare urination is not always harmless. There are a number of cases when a child pees very rarely due to illness, the presence of a serious pathology that requires immediate and thorough examination by a doctor.

What pathologies can lead to a child rarely urinating:

• The kidneys suffer, as a result of which their ability to produce the required amount of urine per day is lost.
• There was a partial blockage of the ureters (due to inflammation, infection, injury).
• The bladder is affected (often this is a consequence of a very long abstinence, when the child suffers, does not go to the toilet, and it constantly overflows).
• Sand or stones have formed in the bladder and kidneys.
• The urethra is pinched.
• The child experiences nervous tension, and as a result, hysteria, hypochondria, and fever due to nervousness set in.
• A new growth (benign or malignant) has appeared in the blood vessels.
• Overdose. The child was treated incorrectly for another disease and was prescribed too many diuretics.
• The bladder has become distended.
• There was a head or spinal injury.
• A hidden infection “wanders” in the genitourinary tract.

The baby is urinating very poorly! Don't miss the symptoms!

It's important for parents to remember : Any of these pathologies will require a very serious examination, and treatment will be lengthy and expensive. In some cases, surgical intervention is required to help the child - which is why it is so important to catch the body’s signal in time and show the child to a qualified specialist.

At home, it is quite possible to suspect the presence of the disease.

If your child begins to go to the toilet less often, pay attention to whether he has one of the following symptoms:

1. The stream of urine became thin and the pressure weak.
2. Urine is not released in a stream, but in separate droplets.
3. A child can pee in only one position (squatting, standing or leaning back, but obviously not in the way intended by physiology).
4. The child complains that “the pussy burns, cuts or hurts.”

In any case, parents should not let their guard down. Have you noticed that your child is writing less often? Watch him. This can be either normal or a sign of a urological disease. Any doubt should bring parents to the doctor's office, first of all, taking general urine and blood tests.

Remember that any disease can always be successfully treated only at an early stage .

A short course of medication, a trip to a sanatorium, and a light diet will save your child from troubles forever. But in any case, the best medicine at all times is attention and love for the baby.

Many parents are faced with a situation where the child begins to run around and pee frequently without other complaints or deterioration in health. This usually occurs during the day, and the intervals between urination can be 10-15 minutes. There are no symptoms at night. This problem begins to appear at the age of 4-6 years; boys are more prone to the pathology.

Don’t rush to panic and stuff your child with medications. First, you should think about why your child often wants to pee and what other symptoms are observed. If there are no signs of urinary tract infections and kidney pathologies, then this condition is called pollakiuria, or “children's daytime frequency syndrome.”

The volume and frequency of urination are directly related to age. Indicators may increase or decrease when consuming diuretic products (melon, watermelon, berries), as well as large amounts of liquid. Approximate urination rates are as follows:

• 0-6 months: up to 25 times a day, but not less than 20 times;
• 6 months - 1 year: 15 times +/- 1 time;
• 1-3 years: average 11 times;
• 3-9 years: 8 times a day;
• 9-13 years: 6-7 times a day.

As you can see, a small child needs to satisfy the urge to go to the toilet much more often, but by the age of one year their number decreases by half, and at 2 and 4 years old this figure becomes close to an adult.

The daily volume of urine, on the contrary, increases with age, as does the portion. The older the baby, the frequency of urges decreases, but if this does not happen, parents naturally have anxious questions. With what it can be connected?

Pollakiuria: information for parents

Frequent urge to urinate in children sometimes appears when they start attending kindergarten. This is emotional stress, and not all babies quickly adapt to new living conditions. Also, manifestations of the disease may be associated with problems in the family, quarrels between parents, and an unfavorable atmosphere in the home.

Let's look at it from a medical point of view. Pollakiuria in children: what is it? This is a disease in which the child often runs to the toilet (every 10-30 minutes, 30-40 mications per day), while not drinking much fluid and sleeping peacefully at night.

Urination is painless, panties do not get wet due to urinary incontinence, and the baby is trained to use the toilet. Another important sign- a small amount of urine per urination, and the daily total volume does not exceed the norm.

If at two years old a child often goes to pee, this can be associated with the physiological characteristics of the body or psychological ones, when children, especially 2-year-old girls, are just getting used to the potty, and they want to perform a new action more often.

But frequent urination of a 3-year-old child can no longer go unnoticed by parents. Less commonly, symptoms appear at age 5 and are usually the result of some kind of shock or emotional stress.

Psychological reasons for frequent urination in children require proper parental behavior. It is unacceptable for ridicule, reproaches, irritability or punishment to arise about this.

Boys and girls cannot control the frequent urge to urinate; it happens involuntarily, unintentionally. Parents should be patient, try to focus less on the problem, but be sure to take the child to be examined by a pediatrician and have his urine tested.

Physiological pollakiuria

Very often, a child pees without pain and other symptoms that usually indicate serious illness. Here it is appropriate to consider physiological pollakiuria associated with drinking large amounts of fluid.

If the baby drinks a lot, then the natural reaction of the body is the urge to urinate. But this situation also cannot be ignored.

The question is: why does the baby have such an increased need for fluid? Sometimes extreme thirst is simply caused by physical activity or habit. But it may also indicate the presence of diabetes mellitus, and therefore requires medical advice.

The physiological manifestation of the disease is harmless. Everything will go away on its own in 1-2 months if the parents behave correctly, without emotionally aggravating the problem, especially if it is caused by a strong shock. Physiological pollakiuria can be provoked by the following factors:

• Excessive fluid intake. At the same time, the child asks to urinate on the potty, but never does it in his panties.
• Stress and negative emotional arousal can cause similar phenomena.
• Hypothermia of the body, not only in a 5-year-old child, but also in an adult, often causes frequent urination. Just warm up and the problem will go away.
• Taking certain medications (diuretics, sometimes antiallergic and antiemetics).
• Nutritional features. Some foods contain a lot of water. For example, in cucumbers and watermelon, cranberries and green tea, etc.

In such cases, the disease goes away on its own if the provoking factor is excluded. In the case when a child often runs to the toilet due to stress, it is necessary to ensure a calm emotional atmosphere around the baby, and over time everything will return to normal.

Pathological causes of frequent urination

A false urge to urinate in a child or teenager may be the first sign of pathological pollakiuria. But there are other symptoms:

• frequent urination of the child is accompanied by pain;
• nausea and vomiting appears;
• tearfulness, lethargy, aggressiveness;
• enuresis;
• temperature increase.

A child may urinate frequently due to diseases of the endocrine, genitourinary, and central nervous systems.

Problems with the bladder can cause inflammatory pathologies. They are accompanied by pain symptoms and urination disorders. In girls, frequent urination and pain may not be a symptom of the disease, but a manifestation early pregnancy. The occurrence of neoplasms of the pelvic organs cannot be ruled out.

The causes of incontinence or frequent urination in a 4-year-old boy may be associated with a failure in the transmission of nerve impulses coming from the brain. These processes can be caused by autonomic disorders, trauma, neoplasms in the spinal cord or brain.

Large amounts of urine are usually associated with kidney or endocrine dysfunction. In any case, if you notice an increase in the frequency of urination in a teenager or young child, do not waste time, consult a doctor immediately to establish an accurate diagnosis and begin treatment in a timely manner.

Diagnosis of pollakiuria

If a child often goes to the toilet “smallly”, you need to find out the root cause of this condition. To do this, contact a pediatrician or urologist so that specialists can make a primary diagnosis based on symptoms and refer you for additional examinations.

A urine test will show the presence or absence of pathogenic microorganisms. A general and clinical blood test will help rule out diabetes. Uroflowmetry will determine the pathology of urodynamics of the urinary tract.

Sometimes an ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder is prescribed or referred for a consultation with a nephrologist. For physiological disorders, a visit to a psychologist is required.

In any case, the child’s frequent urge to go to the toilet cannot be ignored. But don’t panic, analyze the frequency of urine output and the amount of fluid. Perhaps this is just a temporary period that will pass without medications or medical intervention.

Treatment of frequent urination in children

What to do if your child starts writing frequently? Should we be alarmed or can we wait? First of all, you need to ask your doctor these questions to rule out urinary tract infections and any pathology.

Frequent urination in babies, accompanied by painful symptoms, requires immediate treatment. But first of all, the doctor analyzes the factors that could cause this. If this is a central nervous system disorder, sedatives are prescribed. If there is a tumor, surgery is required.

When inflammatory processes occur, uroseptics are prescribed, and in extreme cases, antibiotics. Frequent urination in adolescents often requires hormonal therapy and the prescription of cytotoxic drugs.

Prevention of disorders

There is no special prevention for this problem. But since problems with frequent urination are often associated with the emotional state of the child, it is necessary to ensure the psychological health of the family and eliminate quarrels, scandals, and stress.

Regularly show your baby to the pediatrician in the first year of life, do not allow hypothermia. Remember, in many ways, it is the correct attitude of parents towards the health of the family that will help eliminate a number of diseases.

Children never have stable physical indicators, and the younger the child, the more they can vary. At a certain age, a child may urinate quite rarely. In such situations, most parents wonder: what’s wrong with the baby’s health?

Detailed reasons will be discussed below, but for now it is enough to understand that this may not be a disease, but a variant of the age norm. And, of course, rare urination in a child can be pathological.

If the cause is a disease, a correct and thorough diagnosis will be required, as well as a full course of treatment so that the childhood illness remains in childhood.

In addition to the frequency of urination, it is necessary to note changes in other qualities - urine indicators, its volume per day and in a single portion, the rhythm of urination.

Intermittent urination in a child is a reason to contact a specialist. Do not hesitate, since any acute pathology of the urinary tract leads to increased intoxication of the body and can be complicated by acute inflammatory processes in other organs and systems. In addition, untreated pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract often develops into a chronic condition and worries a person throughout his life.

What kind of urination in children is considered rare?

When looking for the reasons for rare urination in a child, you should start with an understanding of the process itself and its norms.

Urination is the process of filtering and removing urine from the body through voluntary muscle contraction and emptying the bladder. There are two important processes in urination - filtration and absorption (suction). The quality of urination depends on the activity and coherence of these processes.

The frequency of urination varies among different age groups. Human kidneys are one of the few organs that can develop outside the womb. The renal cortex and medulla can develop over several years, and the above-mentioned processes of absorption and filtration occur with their own characteristics in each age period.

To understand the facets of pathology, you need to understand what is considered normal. According to data adopted by the WHO (World Health Organization), the norms for urination in children are as follows.

Accordingly, a decrease in the frequency of urination compared to the lower limit of the age norm can be considered rare urination.

Why might urinary frequency change?

When considering this issue, it is necessary to highlight two main criteria - the child’s age and physiology. If everything is relatively clear with the first, then the second may raise questions.

The physiological nature of the problem of rare urination is caused by reasons not related to the child’s illnesses. Pathological is the opposite of physiological, indicating the presence of a disease.

Physiological reasons.

1. During the neonatal period and infancy, when the child is fed with single-component feeding (milk or formula), the reason for rare urination may be the increased fat content of the mother's milk. High-fat milk can also cause infrequent bowel movements in babies. The only effective way to avoid such problems is to regularly change the nursing breast. Primary milk, that is, milk from the “new” breast, is the least fatty. Additional soldering is also acceptable.
2. In the period from 6 months and beyond, the cause may be either a physiological change in the rhythm of urination in a child or a violation of the diet. In the latter case, you need to adjust the calorie intake and the amount of fluid consumed.

Pathological reasons.

1. Kidney diseases, both congenital and acquired. Parents, as a rule, learn about congenital pathologies in the first months. And acquired diseases include infectious diseases. In addition to rare urination, pain, burning, itching, and pain in the lower abdomen may be observed. These diseases are treated according to the cause that causes them.
2. Infectious diseases of the urinary tract or mechanical blockage of the ureters (presence of stones in the kidneys and urinary tract). They are characterized by intermittent rather than rare urination in the child. Additional symptoms are the same as for inflammatory processes in the kidneys.
3. Long forced abstinence from urination. After it, a reflex spasm of the bladder and urinary canal occurs, which causes urinary retention in children. Often this condition goes away on its own, but if it lasts a long time and causes severe pain, catheterization of the bladder is resorted to. In this case, painful urges and tension in the walls of the bladder, felt as a spasm, may occur.
4. Neurological and mental disorders. Thus, hysterical seizures can cause both urinary incontinence and acute retention. Elimination of the seizure or neurological syndrome resumes spontaneous urination. In this case, symptoms characteristic of neurological pathologies will be observed - tics, paralysis and paresis. With mental disorders, disturbances of consciousness and behavior immediately catch the eye.
5. High body temperature, leading to dehydration, and as a result, rare urination. Insufficient fluid replacement when it is lost will not allow the body to get rid of toxins.
6. Problems with urination in children can also arise due to injuries to the spinal cord and brain (concussion, fracture). In such cases, the child is given a bladder catheter for the entire period of recovery and treatment of the injury.

What tests are prescribed for children with rare urination?

For urinary disorders in children, a pediatrician, nephrologist or urologist should order examinations to determine the causes and make a diagnosis.

The following tests are prescribed:

• a general urinalysis determines the amount of fluid, its acidity, the presence of sediment, salts, glucose, leukocytes and erythrocytes, which allows us to judge the probable nature of the pathology;
• Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko allows you to identify the source and localization of the infectious process in 1 ml of urine;
• A general blood test helps determine the state of the immune system in general terms, as well as the presence of inflammatory processes in the body;
• Bacteriological culture of urine if a bacterial infection is suspected allows one to identify the pathogen in order to prescribe the necessary treatment.

In addition, research is being conducted:

• measuring the number of urination acts per day. This is the first thing parents or the child himself pays attention to;
• measuring the volume of a single portion of urine, which allows you to determine the deviation from the age norm;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and ultrasound of the kidneys, which helps to see structural changes in the kidneys, bladder and urinary tract;
• voiding cystourethrography - this innovative method allows you to visualize congenital malformations of the bladder, kidneys, and ureters;
• scintigraphy to detect tumors in the kidneys and urinary tract.

What can parents do?

If urinary retention is not painful, you can try to provoke it with warm sitz baths and the sounds of flowing water.

If urination does not occur, you should call an ambulance to have the bladder catheterized.

If a child has urinary disorders, the first thing you need to pay attention to is nutrition and water consumption. Not every liquid is equal to water, so it is worth teaching your child to drink regular clean water regularly. Fatty and spicy foods, as well as fast carbohydrates and coffee, which tend to retain fluid in the body, should be excluded from the diet.

Urinary problems in children are not a cause for panic, but a cause for concern. Therefore, timely contact with a specialist is the main and first thing parents should do when such problems arise.

Frequency of stool and urination in newborns