Introduction

In Russia, it has long been customary to teach children to play with their fingers from an early age. These were games such as “Ladushki”, “Magpie-white-sided”, etc. After washing the baby’s hands, they dried them with a towel, as if massaging each finger individually.

It has been proven that fine finger work promotes speech development in children. Therefore, it is very important to develop fine motor skills in a child from a very early age. But just doing exercises will be boring for your baby - you need to turn them into interesting and useful games.

Recently, on the packaging of children's games you can see the inscription: “For development fine motor skills hands." Many parents have heard about this concept, but not everyone knows how to develop fine motor skills and why it needs to be done.

It is now known that at the initial stage of life, it is fine motor skills that reflect how your baby develops and indicate his intellectual abilities. His further development depends on how deftly a child learns to control his fingers at a very early age.

Under the term fine motor skills refers to the coordinated movements of the small muscles of the fingers and hands. They are important not only for performing various daily activities, but also for stimulating the development of children's brains.

Along with the development of fine motor skills, your baby's memory, attention, and vocabulary develop.

Periods of child development in preschool age

The famous Italian teacher Maria Montessori identified three periods of child development:

Development of children's speech (from 0 to 6 years). At this time, two important events occur. From 1 year to 2.5 years, a child’s vocabulary quickly expands. At 4-4.5 years old, he masters writing (but only if fine motor skills are developed);

Perception of small objects (from 1.5 to 5.5 years). At this age, the child loves to play with buttons, beads, sticks, etc. With the help of such objects, you can develop the motor skills of the child’s hands. Just be sure to make sure your baby doesn’t put them in his mouth;

Formation of simple self-service skills (from 1 year to 4 years). At this age, the child is taught to dress, eat and perform hygiene procedures independently.

1. Exercises to develop fine motor skills are carried out in a complex, starting from the first months of a child’s life.

2. In the set of exercises, try to include tasks for squeezing, relaxing and stretching the baby’s hands.

3. Start or end your sessions with a hand massage session.

4. Carry out work on developing fine motor skills regularly, in accordance with the age and taking into account the level of physical development of the baby.

5. At first, the adult performs all movements with the baby’s hands, and as the child masters it, he begins to do them independently.

6. Carefully ensure that the child performs the exercises correctly. If your child finds it difficult to complete any task, immediately help him: fix the desired position of his fingers, etc.

7. Alternate between new and old games and exercises. After your child has mastered simple motor skills, move on to mastering more complex ones.

8. Perform certain movements simultaneously with listening (and then with the child pronouncing) the poem.

9. Encourage your child’s creative activity, let him come up with some exercises himself.

10. Conduct classes emotionally, actively, praise your child for his successes, but do not forget to monitor his mood and physical condition.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills for children from 0 to 2 years old

1. "Magpie-white-sided"

First, the adult runs his finger over the child’s palm and says: “The magpie is cooking porridge.” Then the baby himself begins to move his finger along his palm. Let’s complicate the game: in the phrase “I gave it to this one,” the adult alternately bends the child’s fingers to the palm, except for the little finger: “But I didn’t give it to this one.” Shaking it slightly, we say with a playful reproach: “You didn’t carry water...”, etc.

Magpie white-sided
Cooked porridge
She fed the children.
Gave this one
Gave this one
Gave this one
Gave this one
But she didn’t give it to this:
“You didn’t carry water,
I didn’t chop wood
I didn’t cook porridge
You have nothing."

2. “Ladushki-crackers”

Take the baby's hands in yours and clap them. Show your child the movements and ask them to repeat them.

Okay, okay,
Sounding crackers.
They clapped their hands,
They clapped a little.

3. “Okay”

Read the nursery rhyme and at the same time accompany the words with gestures

Okay, okay!

(Show your baby your palms.)

Where were you?
By Grandma.
What did you eat?
Porridge.
What did you drink?
Mash.

(Clap your hands.)

Butter porridge,
Sweet mash,
Grandma is kind.
We drank and ate!
Shu - let's fly!
They sat on the head.

(Raise your arms up, turning your palms left and right, then lower them “house” on your head.)

4. "House"

This is a house.

(Put both palms towards each other.)

This is the roof.

(Place your palms together and interlace your fingers.)

And the pipe is even higher.

(Lift all fingers up without releasing them.)

5. "Hide and Seek"

Fingers are playing hide and seek,
They are opening,

(Raise your palm and spread all your fingers.)

Closed.

(Place your fingers together and make a fist.)

6. "Bunnies"

Place all fingers of one hand on the table.

The bunnies came out to the meadow,
We stood in a small circle.
One bunny, two bunnies, three bunnies,
Four bunnies, five...

(Count the bunnies.)

Let's knock our paws.

(Tap all your fingers on the table together or discordantly.)

Knocked, knocked
And tired.
We sat down to rest.

(Fold your fingers into a fist.)

7. “Hello, finger”

Alternately touch your index, middle, ring and little fingers to your thumb.

Hello, dear finger,
So we met you.

8. “Strong fingers”

Bend your fingers and invite your baby to do the same. Then take his fingers and pull them each in a different direction.

Massage of palms and fingers for children from 0 to 2 years old

Finger massage is very useful for a small child. The fingers are closely connected with the brain and internal organs: the little finger is with the heart, the ring finger is with the liver, the middle finger is with the intestines and spine, the index finger is with the stomach, and the thumb is with the brain.

1. Take your baby's palm and thoroughly massage each finger, starting with the little finger. Perform massage movements from the nail phalanx to the palm, paying attention to each joint.

2. Massage the baby's fingertips, applying light pressure to them.

3. Massage your baby's palms with your index finger in a circular motion.

4. Take the child’s palm in your hand and, using light pressure from your thumb, make circular movements in the center of the palm.

5. Massage your fingers with a ring spiral massager. Place the massager on your baby's finger and use up-and-down movements to massage the fingers in the same sequence (starting with the little finger).

6. Take two massage brushes and run them over the child’s palms. His hands lie on his knees, palms up.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills for children over 2 years old

1. "Fisherman"

Pour water into a bowl and throw in several small objects: pieces of cork, twigs, large beads, etc. Invite your baby, using a small sieve tied to a stick, to catch all these objects in turn and put them on a plate on the tray on the right from the bowl. The baby should hold the “fishing rod” with one hand.

2. "Path"

Make a path 3-5 cm wide on the table, bounded on both sides by strips of paper. Invite your child to sprinkle it with semolina or millet. You need to pick up the cereal with three fingers and try not to spill it over the edges of the path.

3. “Magic Spoon”

Place two cups on the tray: on the left is a cup with cereal, and on the right is empty. Moving your child's hand, show him how to take the cereal with a spoon. Carefully bring the spoon to the empty cup and tip it over it. Task: pour all the cereal from the left cup to the right one.

4. “Sweet tea”

Your baby can already add sugar to his tea on his own. Now teach him to stir sugar in a mug.

5. "Salute"

The child takes small pieces of colored paper and tries to tear them as small as possible. He places the torn pieces on a saucer. Then you need to take all the pieces in your palms and throw them up.

6. “Make a lump”

Give your child a piece of paper. His task: to crumple the leaf so as to form a dense lump.

7. "Spyglass"

The child takes a sheet of A4 paper and rolls it into a tube with both hands, after which he brings the tube to his eye and examines surrounding objects through it.

8. “Collect the sticks”

Scatter the counting sticks in front of the child. The kid must collect them all one by one back into the box.

Massage of palms and fingers with a prickly massage ball

1. The ball is between the child’s palms, fingers pressed against each other. Make massage movements by rolling the ball back and forth.

2. The ball is between the child’s palms, fingers pressed against each other. Make circular movements, rolling the ball between your palms.

3. Hold the ball with your fingertips and make forward rotational movements (as if you were twisting a lid).

4. Holding the ball with your fingertips, press them firmly onto the ball (4-6 times).

5. Hold the ball with your fingertips and rotate backwards (as if you were opening a lid).

6. Throw the ball with both hands to a height of 20-30 cm and catch it.

7. Hold the ball between your palms, fingers clasped together, elbows pointing out to the sides. Press your palms onto the ball (4-6 times).

8. Transfer the ball from one palm to the other, gradually increasing the pace.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills for children 3 years old

1. "Labyrinth"

Draw a labyrinth on a piece of paper. Let the baby walk along it with a pencil or just a finger. To make it more interesting for the child to complete the task, you can come up with a short fairy tale: tell where this labyrinth leads, to whom, who should go through it.

2. "Beads"

Stringing buttons, beads, pasta, dryers, etc. on a fishing line or thread is good for developing a baby's hand. Start with objects that have a wider hole - this will make it easier for the baby to master this task at first.

3. “Walk the path”

Draw a simple path on a large checkered sheet of paper. Ask your child to trace it with his finger and a colored pencil. If the child copes with this task, draw a more difficult path.

4. "Figures"

From the age of 3, children can already be taught to cut out geometric shapes with scissors and glue them onto a sheet of paper. It is important that the scissors have rounded ends, that is, safe.

5. "Surprise"

Wrap the badge in 4-5 candy wrappers. Ask your child to unwrap all the candy wrappers and fold them neatly.

6. “Clothes pegs on the basket”

Place a basket of clothespins on the table. Take the clothespin with three fingers and attach it to the edge of the basket. Invite your child to do the same. Once your baby has mastered this, invite him to attach all the clothespins.

7. “Colorful clothespins”

There is a basket with colorful clothespins on the table. Ask your child to use three fingers to attach a white, red, blue, green... clothespin to the edge of the basket.

8. "Treat"

Invite your child to make treats for toys from plasticine (sushi, bagels, gingerbreads, cookies, candies) and decorate them with cereals, beads, etc. Cut out plates from thick cardboard and ask your child to beautifully arrange the prepared treats on them.

Finger games

A very important part of the development of fine motor skills are finger games, which activate the child’s brain, promote speech development and help prepare the hand for writing.

During these games, children develop dexterity, the ability to control their actions and concentrate attention on one type of activity.

By the age of 5, children have already learned to perform tasks that require sufficient accuracy and coordination of hand movements.

All the exercises offered here must be performed at a slow pace, from 3 to 5 times, first with one hand and then with the other. Make sure they are performed correctly. Do the exercises for a few minutes, 2-3 times a day.

1. "Kitten"

Clench and unclench the fingers of both hands.

You, kitten, are not food!
Better look for your mom.

2. "Squirrel"

Extend all fingers one by one, starting with the thumb. Perform the exercise with your right hand first, and then with your left.

A squirrel sits on a cart
She sells nuts
To my little fox sister,
Sparrow, titmouse,
To the fat-fifted bear,
Bunny with a mustache.

3. “Scratch-scratch”

The child places his hand on top of yours. You read a poem, and the baby listens to you carefully. When you say “scratch-scratch,” he must pull back the handle so that his fingers do not fall into your “trap.” Then the other hand comes into play. After a while you can switch roles.

Along the palm, along the path
A little cat walks
In little paws
I hid the scratches.
If you suddenly want -
He will sharpen his claws.
Scratch-scratch!

4. “Funny Fingers”

Make a fist with your fingers. Unbend them one by one, starting with the largest one. Then rotate the brush left and right 5 times.

The thumb danced
Index - jumped,
Middle finger - squatted,
The nameless one kept spinning,
And the little finger was having fun.

5. "Fan"

Keep your palms in front of you, fingers pressed (“fan closed”). Spread wide, and then press your fingers together (“open and close the fan”). Wave your brushes towards and away from you (“fan yourself”) 6-8 times.

6. "Peacock"

Connect all fingers of your left hand to your thumb. Place the palm of your right hand with open fingers on the back of your left hand (“peacock tail”). Connect and spread your fingers (“the peacock opens and closes its tail”).

At the cheerful peacock
A basket full of fruit.
The peacock is waiting for friends to visit,
In the meantime, the peacock is alone.

7. "Butterfly"

Make a fist with your fingers. Alternately straighten the little finger, ring and middle fingers, and connect the thumb and index into a ring. With straightened fingers, make quick movements (“the butterfly flaps its wings”) - first with one hand, then with the other.

8. “Get ready to exercise!”«

Bend your fingers towards your palm one by one, starting with the little finger. Then touch all the others with your thumb, as if lifting them up for exercise. After this, do exercises - clench and unclench your fist 5 times.

The fifth finger was fast asleep.
The fourth finger was just dozing.
Third finger - fell asleep.
The second finger kept yawning.
The first finger rose vigorously,
Got everyone up for exercise.

Exercises to develop fine motor skills for children 3-4 years old

1. “Bumps on a plate”

Invite your child to roll pine, spruce and cedar cones around the plate. First let him roll one cone, then two, three, etc.

2. “Circle the object”

You can trace anything that comes to hand: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a spoon, etc.

3. “Magic pattern”

Poke holes in thick cardboard with an awl or nail - they should be located in a certain order and represent geometric figure, drawing or pattern. Let the child embroider the design himself using a thick needle and bright thread.

4. “Sew on a button”

Show your child how to sew on a button. After this, let the baby do the same under your supervision.

5. “Colorful snowflakes”

Show your child how paper snowflakes are made. After your child succeeds in cutting out a snowflake, ask him to color it. Let the child cut out a few more snowflakes and color them as well.

6. "Lace up your shoe"

Show your child how to lace a shoe in different ways. First, lace up the boot with it. Once your child has mastered the lacing technique, ask him to lace the shoe himself.

7. “Magic pipette”

Invite your child to play wizards. Paint several different colored spots on a sheet of paper. Show your child how to use a pipette to drop just one drop. After that, let him drop a drop of water on each colored spot. Then watch with your child how the stain grows and turns into a pattern.

8. "The Little Pharmacist"

Tell your child about the work of a pharmacist. Then show him how to use tweezers to arrange and move the beads from place to place. You can use beads of different sizes in the game.

Massage of palms and fingers with natural materials

For children 4 years old, you can offer a massage using pine, spruce, cedar cones, walnuts, and hazelnuts.

1. "Twist the cone"

Take a pine cone and place it between your baby's palms. Ask your child to spin the pine cone (like a wheel) in different directions for about 2-3 minutes.

2. “Roll the bump”

First, the exercise is performed with one spruce cone, then with two. Rotate the pine cones between your palms for 1-3 minutes.

3. "Catch the bump"

Take any pine cone. Ask your child to throw it up with both hands, and then catch it with both hands. After the baby masters this exercise, you can complicate it: toss and catch the pine cone with one hand; throw a cone with your right hand and catch it with your left - and vice versa. The duration of the exercise is 2 minutes.

4. "Walnut"

Roll the nut over the palm of your right hand, then over the back of your left hand. The duration of the exercise is approximately 3 minutes.

5. “Pour in the nuts”

Place a handful of hazelnuts from one hand to the other. The duration of the exercise is 1-2 minutes.

6. “Nuts on a tray”

Place a handful of hazelnuts on a tray. Roll the nuts with your palms and the backs of your hands. The duration of the exercise is 1-2 minutes.

7. “Grains”

Here you can use a variety of grains: buckwheat, rice, millet, etc. And the exercises can also be very different: squeeze the grains in a fist, pour them from one hand to the other, mix in a deep bowl, etc. The duration of each exercise is 3 minutes.

8. “Tender Feather”

Run the pen over the surface of the palms and back of the child's hands. The duration of the exercise is 3 minutes.

Working with plasticine

Here you will need several copies of the drawings given in this section. This will allow your baby to acquire the skill of carefully working with plasticine. His best works can be used as an exhibition.

You will need plasticine of different colors.

1. "Snowman"

Invite your child to decorate a snowman using plasticine. Let the baby work hard and smear the plasticine with his fingers, without going beyond the boundaries of the outline of the drawing.

The early development of a child always includes the development of fine motor skills, that is, learning to hold and operate small objects. There are different ways to develop fine motor skills of the hands: each parent is free to choose what he and the child like. Below we discuss the main nuances associated with the development of fine motor skills, answer the question of why it is necessary to develop it, and also present games that are sure to captivate your baby.

Why and when do you need to develop fine motor skills?

Scientists have long proven that the development of fine motor skills gives impetus to the development of speech in a child. Those children with whom their mothers regularly play games, who are given a large number of objects of various textures to study, begin to speak earlier than their peers who are denied the aforementioned entertainment. In addition, such children absorb information faster (tactile sensations are associated with brain activity), learn more easily, and begin to write faster. Quite often, the development of tactile sensations is used as preparation for school.

From all of the above, we can conclude that fine motor skills in a child should be developed as early as possible. There are finger games that you can play almost from birth.

How to develop fine motor skills in children of different years?

Each age has its own games. You can’t argue with this statement, so it’s important not to rush things and consistently offer your child those toys that are appropriate for his age.

From birth to six months

At this time, the baby is actively developing tactile skills on his own. Starting from 3-4 months, the child consciously reaches out to toys, feels rattles, his mother’s hands, and examines his fingers. You can offer your baby different games.

• Hand massage - gently knead children's fingers, stroke them, gently twist them. You can accompany the process with rhymes and jokes.
• Give your baby your thumbs and try to lift the baby up. The more often you do this exercise, the stronger the baby will grab your hands.
• Offer your baby paper books or plain sheets of paper. Show that they can be torn, crushed, twisted.
• Rattles, balls and toys with a ribbed surface are excellent helpers in the early development of the baby.

From 7 months to a year

During this time, you can use the same materials and games as before six months. You can add a few others.

• Pyramids - they will introduce the child to the concept of size and develop the ability to quickly string rings onto a rod.
• Cereals, beans, pasta - everything you find in the kitchen. It is important to supervise your child at all times to prevent him from swallowing foreign objects.
• Fabric and bags made from it with various fillings.
• Constructor.
• Cubes.

From one to two years

The number of toys to develop fine motor skills should be gradually increased. Cereals and bags of grain remain interesting and useful for playing, but the baby is getting older and smarter, so with the existing toys you can come up with new games that require a logical and thoughtful approach.

You can also add unusual attributes to your gaming collection.

• Water. Ask your child to pour water from one bowl to another, spilling as little liquid as possible.
• Laces and lacing.
• Beads, buttons, clothespins and other household items.
• Chinese chopsticks.
• Puzzles and mosaics.
• Drawing.

From 2 to 3 years

A three-year-old child is already a complete person. This is not a baby who puts everything into his mouth, exploring the world in this way. At 2-3 years old, you can play quite serious games with your child that require attentiveness, responsibility, and a clear sequence of actions.

• Working with the dough.
• Finger gymnastics.
• Origami.
• Working with scissors and colored paper.

A construction set for children is not only a fashionable toy, but also a wonderful material for learning simple everyday truths, as well as a way to develop intelligence and thinking while playing.

When choosing a construction set, follow the rule: the smaller the child, the larger the details. For the little ones, it is better to purchase a construction set consisting of large elements that will definitely not fit down the little one’s throat if he wants to taste them.

Games with a constructor can be different. You can “build” with your child buildings and objects of only certain colors (learning colors), you can invite your child to count the parts (learning counting). One way or another, the designer will develop your child’s fine motor skills and improve his intelligence.

Modeling for the development of tactile sensations

Plasticine is known to everyone. This is a universal remedy that is used both in kindergartens and at home and allows you to keep your baby occupied for a while. Almost all children love to sculpt from plasticine, but further we'll talk not about him.

There is a safer, non-traditional, but very interesting way develop fine motor skills in your baby with the help of modeling. This salty dough. It is prepared very simply and quickly from products that are available in any home, and at the same time, salted dough is completely safe (although it is edible, a child is unlikely to eat it). In addition, crafts made from dough can be saved as a keepsake, since they harden naturally (or are baked in the oven), unlike plasticine masterpieces.

Salt dough recipe

You will need:

• flour – 250 grams;
• salt – 250 grams;
• water – 125 ml.

Mix all ingredients and knead the dough. To make it more elastic and not stick to your hands, you can add a spoonful of vegetable oil to it. There are also recipes with the addition of glue, starch and even cream. However, there is no need for unnecessary frills. The simplest dough made from flour and salt is great for children's crafts.

Show your child several sculpting techniques: rolling, flattening, kneading, etc. Let the baby work with his whole hand, sculpting small details. This will perfectly develop the flexibility of his fingers and fine motor skills.

Drawing teaches your child how to hold a brush correctly, which will subsequently help him master spelling quickly and without problems.

For drawing you can use paints and brushes, pencils and felt-tip pens, crayons and pastels. Or you can invite your child to draw with his hands! This exercise will also be very useful for the development of fine motor skills. But keep in mind that it is better to paint with your fingers using edible paints or, in extreme cases, paints without harmful substances.

You can create your own edible paints. Take baby puree or semolina porridge as a base, and use either food coloring or vegetable and fruit juices as a coloring pigment.

You can start playing finger games from birth. First, the mother will make movements with the baby’s arms. But soon the baby himself will understand what’s what and will begin to move his fingers to the beat of a song or rhyme.

Finger games are an excellent exercise through which you can accelerate the development of fine motor skills, stimulate brain function, and also lay the foundation for teaching your child to write.

1. Babies up to 6-7 months can have a finger massage. Mom rubs each finger, saying his name. For example, you can use a nursery rhyme: Get up, Bolshak! Get up, Pointer!

   Get up, Seredka!

   Get up, Little Orphan,

   And little Eroshka!

   Hello, palm!

2. By the age of one year, a child can already understand what is required of him. At this age, the mother acts only as an instructor. She shows the child the basic movements that the child must repeat. As a rule, the baby’s fingers represent animals or people. You can also read a poem to the baby and make basic movements to it. Clap your hands, join your fingers into a pinch, clench your palm into a fist.
3. With a child 3 years old and older, you can arrange a shadow show. It is better to select spectators from relatives so that the child will be interested in “rehearsing” the performance. You can also use various objects for finger exercises: nuts, beads, buttons, fabric.

Toys for developing fine motor skills

For clarity, below is a general list of toys that help develop tactile sense of touch and “teach” the baby’s fingers to move in accordance with the nerve impulses of the brain.

1. Pyramid.
2. Cubes.
3. Ribbed rattles.
4. Balls of different sizes.
5. Sorter.
6. Books with raised pictures.
7. Constructor.
8. Abacus.
9. Puzzles.
10. Labyrinths.
11. Frame with lacing.
12. Beads.
13. Button toys.

Development of fine motor skills using the Montessori method

In Maria Montessori's method, much attention is paid to the development of fine motor skills of the hands. There are many games in her recordings that contribute to this. Below are the most interesting of them.

"Like an adult"

Give your child a sponge and some dirty cups. Let the baby, imitating his mother, wash the dishes. Does this seem easy to you? For inflexible children's fingers, it is quite difficult to hold a cup in the water and not drop it; this exercise will also be an excellent training for finger flexibility and the development of fine motor skills of the hands.

Buttons

Give your child a sweater, jacket or other item that has buttons, hooks and other fasteners. You can make a special trainer for your baby: combine several fasteners on one thing. This exercise is good for fine motor skills and also trains self-care skills.

Sorting

Take two bowls. Place peas and buckwheat on the table (pasta and beans - choose any cereal). Ask your child to sort one from the other and put it in two bowls.

Is it too reminiscent of the task that the stepmother came up with for Cinderella? Maybe. But this task is an excellent workout for little children's fingers.

Just don't overdo it. There is no need to force a child to sort through cereals if he is tired of it or is tired.

Drawing on flour

Pour flour (semolina, sand, sugar) onto the table. Invite your baby to draw on the sprinkled surface. The advantage of this type of drawing is that the drawing can be easily erased and started again.

Shreds

Take several pieces of fabrics with different textures. Wool, chunky knitting, velvet, silk. Invite your child to touch each one and describe his feelings.

Lacing

Ordinary laces are very good for developing fine motor skills in children. You can purchase a special frame with lacing, or you can teach your baby using his own shoes as an example.

Sponge

Ask your little one to transfer water from one bowl to another using a regular dish sponge. In this case, the baby should try to ensure that as few drops as possible get on the table. This is not only a good exercise for the fingers, but also teaches accuracy.

Collector

Scatter small objects on the floor and ask your child to collect them in a bowl or bag. You can also ask your baby to say the color or “name” of each item.

Magician

Place several items in a hat or opaque bag. The child must feel what is in the bag by touch. Ask the baby to pull out this or that thing. Before doing this, the child will study things with his fingers for a long time.

Conclusion

These and many other exercises and games are designed to develop the child’s ability to control his own hands, as well as enrich the list of his skills and abilities, and teach him to think logically.

It is very important to regularly engage with your baby, but not to bother him. All lessons should be presented in a playful way.

Movement is life! And properly organized work of general and fine (hands) motor skills allows you to feel the joy of every movement, and therefore the joy of life.

To be smart, you need to work with your hands; to work with your hands, you need to work with your head.

A strange phrase at first glance, it speaks of a very close connection between physical movement and the work of the brain. And understanding this connection gives parents a good foundation for the development of their child’s intellectual abilities and serious protection for an elderly person from mental degradation (and even aging).
Motor skills (lat. motus - movement)- motor activity of the body or individual organs. Motor skills are understood as a sequence of movements that, taken together, are needed to perform a specific task. There are gross and fine motor skills, as well as motor skills of certain organs.
Without analyzing motor skills, a psychologist cannot give a complete picture of the individual characteristics of his client, be it a child or an adult. According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD - 10), a medical diagnosis is identified under the label F82: “specific disorders of motor function.” However, there are cases when the coordination dysfunction is minor and this diagnosis is not appropriate. But it should be borne in mind that even the slightest impairment of motor skills negatively affects learning, intellectual abilities, and often emotional and general physical condition.

Why is motor skills so important in the development of a person as an individual?

The fact is that movements are controlled by brain structures. From birth, when the child makes innate and automated movements, the subcortical level dominates. For more complex and conscious movements functioning of the cortical level (layer) is necessary. In order to launch a more complexly organized cortical level, it is necessary to develop more complex and differentiated movements, primarily of the fingers. That is why the development of a child in the first 3 years of life is closely related to games for motor skills training. Today, every family has a child with educational toys. But many parents complain that their children do not play with them. Most often, the problem is that parents do not play with their children and do not show many options for using games (unless, of course, we are talking about the norm of development, when the child is aimed at interacting with an adult).
Almost any disorder or deviation of a child’s development is characterized by a specific symptom:

• motor impairment;
• awkwardness, angularity of movements;
• incorrect or incomplete understanding of your own body diagram (location and relationships of body parts);
• ignorance of prepositions of the spatial arrangement of objects (for example, a child of the fifth year of life should know prepositions such as “behind - in front”);
• insufficiency of visual activity (for example, the child copies a drawing with a rotation of 45-90°).

I will focus on the standards of graphic (motor) skills:

• at 2 years old, the child should be able to copy a vertical line (“stick”);
• in 3 years - copy the circle and plus;
• in 4 years - copy the rectangle;
• at 5 years old - square, triangle, cross, draw an identifiable human figure.

The situation worsens if apitia is present mental development. Don't be alarmed, it's just a term for left-handedness. Moreover, in this case, a person does not necessarily have to write with his left hand. Moreover, until the age of 7 it is impossible to determine with certainty the leading hand. Atypia of mental development also includes familial left-handedness.

And now, a little physiology! After all, it is much clearer to talk about an object if you know where it is located.
Responsible for coordination of movements such sections and structures of the brain as: cerebellum (1), white/gray matter (2), frontal cortex (3), sensory area (4), motor area (5). The sensorimotor zone itself encircles the cerebral cortex from the right ear to the left in the parietal region of the head (precentral gyrus). The part responsible for motor skills is located closer to the frontal part, and the sensory part (sensitive to light, sound, tactile perceptions) is approximately 3 cm from the crown towards the occipital region. Both zones are closely interconnected and communicated by a network of neurons. This transmission of information resembles Morse code and has a millivolt electrical charge.

Pay attention to what part of the brain (both brain and spinal cord) is occupied by the sensorimotor organization!

Take the following rapid test, which will show your level of motor development, harmonious and unhindered communication between neurons in more than half of the brain regions and clearly demonstrate the principle of the relationship between the brain and movements of body parts.

Additional test effect :relieving emotional stress (during stress, a microscopic shift occurs between both hemispheres of the brain), the development of interhemispheric connections, attention and thinking.

Instructions:

1. The first letter of each line is spoken out loud, the rest - silently.
2. Always accompany some letters with movements: L – left hand rises to the left, P - right to right, B - both arms rise up.

Note: You must complete the task first in forward order and then in reverse order. If you have made more than 4 mistakes, read on and get acquainted with ways to improve brain performance.

Each part of the brain can (and should!) be developed with the help of special physical exercises. Due to the fact that the hand plays a leading role in the development and effective knowledge of the world around us, most of the ways to develop the brain are exercises for the hands.
When they say that “the hands don’t obey,” most likely the connection between the hemispheres of the brain is insufficient. The interaction and transmission of impulses is reminiscent of the game “deaf telephone”. The interhemispheric connection is strongest in youth, and most vulnerable before the age of 10 and after 40 years.

How to help yourself stay young, skillful and agile with the help of motor skills?

1. knitting;
2. martial arts;
3. kinesiological exercises for the development of general and fine motor skills;
4. using both hands at the same time (for example, drawing with both hands).

The brainstem sections (see 2. gray/white matter) contain sensory pathways, through these channels we receive/analyze information from the environment: we see, feel, hear, perceive... When these sections are not functioning sufficiently, then we have abnormal growth teeth, dystonia (when some muscle groups are in hypertonicity and some are hypotonic), delay in the ability to generalize groups of words, impoverished/immature independent speech, turning over figures when copying, etc. and so on. Often such symptoms are accompanied by cerebral palsy.

Activation of the work of the stem sections is facilitated by:
- swimming, diving;
- trampoline jumping;
- breathing exercises.

stuttering, different kinds addictions, depression and anxiety, behavioral disorders in adolescents, inability to concentrate and impaired performance in noise, lack of voluntary attention - these are just some of the signs of a dysfunctional state of the right hemisphere of the brain. By the way, it is in the right hemisphere that the department responsible for humor is located. So joke, gentlemen and ladies!

But the rhythm of the “shattered by nerves” of the right hemisphere is promoted by:

• rhythm, choreography;
• skiing;
• tennis;
• horseback riding.

Is it necessary to have serious violations in physical development(for example, cerebral palsy, paralysis, paresis) to perform physical activity on different parts of the brain? I think no! Our mental body penetrates and dissolves in our physiological body like sugar in water!

Things like difficulties in learning, reading, writing, concentrating, bad memory, speech impediments and physical awkwardness are just sediment at the bottom of a glass of water and sugar (a mixture of our mental and physical). AND The best way to get rid of it - physical activity!

The video very clearly shows how the problem of neck pain is solved by softening the foot and how a specialist finds the true problem of pain. If you find it difficult to listen to the theoretical presentation () - start watching from the 6th minute! And then go back and listen to the entire interview.

Development of fine motor skills in children: myths and truth about finger games, how to properly conduct finger gymnastics and finger games with preschoolers, exercises for the development of fine motor skills, hand and finger massage for the little ones.

Games and exercises for developing fine motor skills especially needed by modern children. After all, now kids, unfortunately, do little training in the movements of their fingers: on clothes and shoes there are Velcro instead of buttons or laces (this is more convenient and faster for us adults), there are buttons in games, few children embroider, sew or knit, saw out or burns, helps mom sort out cereals, wipe off dust, wash toys or wash doll accessories. This change in the life situation of children's development preschool age was also reflected in the development of fine motor skills of the hand, which had previously developed in everyday life, imperceptibly, without special training. Now the development of fine motor skills has begun to require special exercises and activities with children.

It is believed that any exercise that develops fine motor skills develops speech and thinking. Does the child not speak or speak poorly? Collect puzzles, lace up, and speech will appear! Do you want your baby to develop well? Develop your fingers, and your brain will develop much more efficiently. But this is not true, or not entirely true. Let's try to figure it out and separate the truth from the myths. And also learn how to use exercises to develop fine motor skills so that they really develop our little ones.

Development of fine motor skills in children: video

Development of fine motor skills, speech and thinking of a child.

It has already become a classic statement that The development of the hand helps the speech development of a preschool child and develops thinking. And all teachers and speech therapists know the words of M.M. Koltsova “There is every reason to consider the hand as an organ of speech - the same as the articulatory apparatus. From this point of view, the projection of the hand is another speech area of ​​the brain.” This position entered pedagogy in the 70s of the 20th century and is justified both by the results of an experiment with children and by the anatomy of the brain (Broca’s speech motor center and the center that controls finger motor skills are located nearby).

But we have always met and still meet families in which they work a lot with their children in developing fine motor skills, buy special toys and aids (laces, sorters, beads), but the result is not pleasing, and for some reason there is no shift in the development of speech and thinking.

And there are other families where they don’t seem to be specifically involved in developing fine motor skills and are not doing anything, the child just sculpts, draws, plays, helps his mother around the house, but fine motor skills are fine, and the baby is clearly very smart and has well-developed thinking and speech.

So, special games are not a panacea? Or – here comes a seditious thought – are we conducting them wrong? And there’s something we obviously don’t know? Yes this is true!

After all, finger games and exercises are just a tool. And you also need to know how to use it! After all, we learn to use other instruments - we learn to play the violin, sew on a sewing machine or crochet. If we try to play the Paganini violin without training and without special knowledge, we will not get the desired result.

And the basis of my story is scientific research on child development. I highly recommend that specialists get acquainted with them in the book “15 Myths about Children’s Speech.” The authors of the book are Oleg Igorevich Efimov, a pediatric neurologist, and Victoria Leonidovna Efimova, a candidate of pedagogical sciences, speech therapist. The book was published by Dilya publishing house this year.

And for non-specialists - interested parents and educators - I will give the most important recommendations in this article. And I will share what I know and use in working with children.

First fact. So, where did it all start? In the 70s, research was conducted on the development of infants. The children from the orphanage were divided into three subgroups. One subgroup of children sat in the playpen, the second could calmly crawl around the group room. And the third subgroup assembled pyramids, stringed beads and did other exercises to develop fine motor skills with the experimenter. And the children of the third subgroup significantly surpassed their peers in development; they had a sharp leap in speech development. It turns out that “engage in the development of fine motor skills - and everything will be fine”? But that's not true.

Second fact. The author of the book is V.L. Efimova conducted another experiment in orphanage in 2001. And he gave a completely different result. It turned out that children in the orphanage, as early as one and a half years old, eat soup themselves with a spoon, fasten the buttons on their clothes themselves, they do a lot with them - they endlessly collect pyramids, inserts, and sort. But at the same time... they don’t say!!! What is the reason? Maybe we communicate with kids differently? Or do finger games really not have that much effect on the development of speech and thinking? Did the fact that you just started communicating with these kids affect the result of the previous experiment? And all other subgroups of children did not have such communication with an adult experimenter, and therefore were behind in development?

Third fact. It turns out that the answer to the question can be given to us not by pedagogy, but by physiology! Scientists prove that at an early age the primary speech center in children is not Broca’s center, but the anterior part of the cingulate cortex, which means... the development of fingers does not directly affect the development of the child!?

What then influences? The limbic system is the center of human emotional life! So, does it primarily influence communication with an adult? After all, we know how quickly kids grasp information in a state of joy and interest.

Modern biological research makes it possible to assume that Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas mature no earlier than the third or fourth year of a child’s life (as we remember, it was the proximity of this very Broca’s center to the motor control center that previously allowed scientists to assume the great influence of finger games on the development of speech in children).

Scientific work in this direction is still underway, but what should we do at this time???

Fourth fact. The answer to all questions! And a key for teachers and parents!

It turns out that what is important is not the fact of finger games and exercises, but WHAT exercises and HOW are carried out with the baby. And therefore, either there will be a result of such games and exercises, or there will not be one! And this depends on whether motor planning is involved in finger exercises and in games for the development of fine motor skills. What it is?

Motor planning is between the idea and the execution of actions. There are automatic movements that do not require motor planning and are performed in a familiar way. And motor planning appears when a new task appears, when you need to use a new tool, when you need to do something unmastered and unusual in life.

Dear readers, who attended our April “Developmental Games Workshop” - remember the first webinar about the mechanisms of baby development. And the concept of “zone of proximal development”? This is what we are talking about now. For those who did not attend the webinar, due to popular demand, I made a newsletter in which you can receive a recording of it for free. To do this, you need to subscribe in the subscription form after the article.

It is known that in all children with developmental problems, motor planning is poorly developed. And this is precisely the root of all troubles in many cases of developmental delay. But how can it be poorly developed if the baby at home has a bunch of educational toys for developing fine motor skills, there are pyramids, lacing, and beads for stringing? What's the answer?

As we already know, motor planning appears in the case of new tasks, new unusual situations, new materials, new actions. The key word here is new, unusual! When a child already knows his only pyramid by heart, but assembles it many times, even quickly assembles it to the delight of all adults - this is not a new action! There is no motor planning here! When he plays with the same lacing, this is also not motor planning, but almost a skill. After all, such a toy is no longer new to him, but familiar! When he sees the same cards for many days, with which an adult performs the same actions, there is no motor planning here either! Namely, motor planning ensures the developmental effect of exercises!

So, what's the conclusion? Where can we find our Key to Success?

1. The fact of execution is not important exercises to develop fine motor skills, important what exercises we do with the child and How.
2. The main principle of conducting exercises and games for the development of fine motor skills is this:– if the baby can do this movement quickly and easily, then we quickly do it, skip it and move on. But what if the exercise doesn’t work out? Then we stop at it and practice this movement until the movements become easy, simple, fast, beautiful, and clear. And we move on to mastering new movements.
3. It is necessary to do such complexes of exercises and games that are difficult for a child regularly until complete mastery, that is, every day (4-5 minutes).

Previously, kindergartens had special five-minute finger exercises before breakfast - every day! This was when I started working, and I remember it very well. The kids did the same set of finger gymnastics for at least one week, until they completely mastered it. Every day they did better and better. Now, for many years now, such regular minutes in ordinary kindergartens, alas, have not existed or are almost non-existent. And finger gymnastics exists as a part of classes with children, and almost always children are given different exercises on different days of the week! And it happens that the exercises are too easy for children, which they already do so easily! But the essence of such gymnastics lies in the regular gradual mastery of complex movements.

The secret of successful classes for the development of fine motor skills is already known. Now let's figure it out what is included in the development of fine motor skills and what exercises a child needs.

Why do you need to develop fine motor skills? What is the problem of modern society and why was it not specifically developed before, and children did not have problems? Why are long cartoons harmful? What is thread writing and how to practice it with children? You will learn about this in the video of the first educational channel.

What includes the development of fine motor skills in children under three years of age:

1. Grasping movements:

• Grabbing an object different shapes the entire palm with one hand or two hands (rattle, cube, ball, etc.), for which it is necessary to take into account its shape, size, location, details.
• Grasping an object or substance with a pinch (three fingers)
• Grasping an object with two fingers - index and thumb (tweezers grip).

2. Development of correlating actions

The ability to combine two objects or two parts of one object (inserts, sorters, pyramids, nesting dolls and other similar toys).

3. Development of finger movements - performing various figures and finger movements(bunny, wolf, house, chair and others).

At first these movements are clumsy, with errors, but over time they become more subtle and clear. It is also important to be able to imitate the movements shown by an adult.

These skills are developed not only in the process of special finger gymnastics, but also:

• while putting on your clothes with buttons, zippers,
• during work assignments (from 3 years old - watering, dusting, wiping plant leaves with a sponge, brushing clothes, etc.),
• in fine arts - drawing, modeling, appliqué, design,
• in games - dressing and undressing dolls in the game, using substitute objects, making toys, attributes for their games, etc.

How to develop fine motor skills in children?

Development of fine motor skills: massage of hands and fingers for the youngest (up to one year).

Hand massage is given to the youngest children. He is not complex. Here is the technique of such a massage, given by O. Prikhodko

• pat Pull the baby's arms up to the elbow towards the center six to eight times, each arm separately. You need to iron both the inner and outer surfaces of the handle.
• Fingers are dancing. Bend and straighten all the fingers of the handle at the same time except the thumb (2-4 times on each handle).
• Exercise "Glomerulus". Draw spiral movements with your finger along the baby’s open palm from its center to the base of the fingers (remember the famous nursery rhyme about “magpie and crow”). After this, without interruption, the movement moves to the inner side of the thumb. Draw these balls two to four times on each palm.
• Exercise “We are walking top-to-toe” - point pressure with the thumb and index finger of an adult. We press on the middle of the phalanx of each finger from tip to base. We say: “top-top, that’s how we walk.” You need to press in two planes: between the fingers and from the back of the palm. So massage all the fingers 1-2 times. At the same time, we say nursery rhymes, rhymes, and talk to the baby.
• Thumb exercise. Move your thumb to the side and then return it to its place. You need to move your finger in three directions in turn: back and forth, sideways - back to the starting position, in a circle.
• Stroke with light movements each hand of the baby towards the center five to six times.

Development of fine motor skills: games and exercises for young children (from one to three years old)

Adviсe:

• Games and exercises for developing fine motor skills are difficult for babies and therefore should not be lengthy.
• They should be carried out in a game so that the child finds it interesting (sort out the cereal for Cinderella, help the hedgehog hide under his needles from the fox and other game situations).
• If the movement fails, the fingers do not obey, then the game must be repeated many times until the movement is easy, correct, and clear. In this case, you need to change the plot of the game, objects, and introduce something new each time, so that the child is captivated by the game and not tired of the monotony (first, lay out a bridge for the dog from small pebbles on plasticine. Next time, lay out a path for the doll. Third once lay out a river for the fish and so on).
• All games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills should always be carried out in the presence of an adult in order to ensure the safety of such games.
• Don't use games with buttons. They do not develop fine motor skills (no matter what their manufacturers say), but only distract the child.

List of exercises and games for developing children's fine motor skills

1. Rubber bulb(sold at the pharmacy). Choose a small pear. By pressing it, you get a stream of air that can be used to blow away a piece of cotton wool or a leaf from the table. You can even play football, trying to force cotton wool into the goal with a stream of air. For children of the first year of life, a pear is not needed; this role is performed by rubber toys - squeakers, by playing with which the baby develops hand strength.
2.Kneading plasticine. Before sculpting, be sure to let a child of any age knead the plasticine. This is a very useful exercise for developing fine motor skills. In this regard, ordinary domestic plasticine is much more useful than soft imported plasticine.
3.Playing with raisins is always very joyful for both mother and child and useful for the whole family. Make the dough, roll it out. Invite your child to decorate the dough with raisins. Show how to correctly grasp the raisin (“tweezers grip” with two fingers – thumb and forefinger). Show that the raisins should be placed throughout the dough at a distance from each other. Then bake the resulting pie and eat it with the whole family! Joy guaranteed!
4. Stringing rings onto the rod of the pyramid (development of correlative movements of the hands). First, the baby learns to disassemble the pyramid toy (this is easier), and only then assemble it. Please note that even the smallest children easily remember the sequence of colors in a pyramid and assemble it simply from memory, and not from comparing values. Therefore, if you want to teach them to compare the size of the rings and arrange them from largest to smallest sequentially, then you need a pyramid with rings of the same color!
5.Exercises with paper:

1) kneading – development of hand strength (after this you will get a “ball” that can be thrown into the basket from a distance),

2) tear (development of correlating movements) - grab the sheet with the fingers of both hands and pull in different directions. You get stripes. We put these strips in a box and make it “rain” by pouring our strips out of the box.

Important Tips:

- When offering your child paper for this exercise, you should always show him where he can get the paper from. And they themselves must always take paper for this game only from this box. Otherwise, the baby will understand that it is possible to tear everything that is around and will tear books or something else necessary. There is always a place for this exercise.

— Don’t let us tear up old books and magazines. With any game we develop an attitude towards life. And this is an example of unacceptable treatment of a book. In addition, printing ink is not at all healthy for small children.

- You can give old rolls of wallpaper for this exercise.

3) make appliqués from paper balls (crumple the paper, tear it into strips, then tear the strips into squares, roll each square on your palm into a ball, lay out a silhouette with balls - for example, a cat, a lamb, a cloud)

4) make appliqués from pieces of paper that the baby tore. Draw a picture on a piece of whatman paper. And stick pieces of paper on it according to the plot. White glued pieces can represent snow or clouds, blue ones can represent a river, yellow ones can represent autumn foliage of trees.

6. Pressing small objects into plasticine (beads, seeds, shells, small pebbles). So we can make paintings - mosaics on plasticine. You can also help the hero of the game - for example, make a “blue river” (smear plasticine on a strip of cardboard) and build a bridge across the river (press pebbles into the plasticine). And then the toys will walk across this bridge and thank the baby for his help.

7. Sorting small items– it is very important that the baby does this either with a pinch (with three fingers), or using the “tweezer grip” method, that is, grips with two fingers – the thumb and forefinger. At the same time, the remaining fingers should be bent and not interfere. Show your child the correct way to do this exercise.

Mix two types of beads (or peas and beans; or shells and pebbles, or buttons of different shapes and sizes) in one box and ask for help. You can sort by color (if you mixed beads of two colors), by shape, by size. First, the baby sorts two types of fairly large objects. Then the task becomes more complicated - smaller objects are taken and sorted into 3-5 groups (for example, beans in one box, peas in another, beads in a third, pebbles in a fourth, shells in a fifth).

Sorting always happens in the game. For example, our chicken loves peas, and our rooster loves beans. We need to divide the food into bowls for them.

Or one doll likes pasta, and the other likes beans. You need to give everyone what she loves.

Sorting small items is very important in the third year of a child's life.

8. Oversleeping. Using a funnel, scoop, or spoon, pour various bulk substances from one container to another. You can add sand, cereals, peas, lentils). Use different dishes - you can pour it into a glass, a vessel with a narrow neck using a funnel. You can pour sand into the box with your hands, hide and look for various small toys in the sand.

9. Use of cutlery- spoons forks. The ability to independently eat with a spoon, fork, or drink from a cup is also a very important component of a child’s development and the development of fine motor skills.

10. Unwrapping an object wrapped in paper - a surprise - “What’s there?” When the baby unrolls the paper and finds the gift and plays with it, wrap it again - hide it in another paper. And try to find again. Teach your baby to wrap - to hide an object from older sister or brother, dad, grandmother. Let them rejoice when his surprise is unwrapped.

11. Filling the bottle with small objects. IN plastic bottle You can put in beans, pebbles, and balls.

To make this exercise effective, show your child how to do it correctly:

- Grasp small objects either with a pinch or with two fingers (thumb and forefinger) - just show how you grab the object.

- Hold the bottle with one hand and take one part at a time with the other hand. It is very important to ensure that your baby picks up correctly and one piece at a time!

- At the end, close the bottle with a lid and rattle the resulting rattle.

12.Constructors. Various construction toys develop fine motor skills very well. It is important to have several construction sets at home (but always with DIFFERENT principles for connecting parts). Making crafts and working with clay is also very useful.

13. Winding. Winding a thick thread onto a stick, onto a spool, onto a ball and unwinding. Winding a thick cord around your hand or your mother’s

14. Stringing beads with large holes onto a cord. Very good idea I saw one for stringing in the “Solnyshko” kindergarten in Moscow. Teachers of this kindergarten They collect old unnecessary felt-tip pens with a plastic body. This body is sawn into pieces. The result is multi-colored “tubes” that are strung on a cord.

You can also string spools of thread, rings for curtains, parts of construction sets, beads made of clay or salt dough, rings from small pyramids.

15. Turn the pages of the book one at a time. This exercise is available to children from one year onwards. To do this, the pages of the first book must be thick, made of cardboard.

Show your child the book. And on the next page put a picture - a surprise. To find it, you need to turn the page. If it is difficult for the baby, then help him by slightly lifting the page.

16. Games - lacing(lace the apple to the back of the hedgehog, clothing details and other plot lacing). But these games quickly get boring for the baby. Therefore, it is better if you have a doll whose shoes or clothes are tied with a lace. By putting on and undressing this doll in play, your baby will easily and happily practice tying.

17. Untie and tie knots, bows, braid, unfasten and fasten Velcro, buttons, buttons, hooks, zippers, take off and put on a hat, pull off socks, take off shoes.

Although most often in modern families the task of mastering children different types fasteners can be solved with the help of a developing book or rug, but this is just the first stage. Then the baby trains to do this in everyday life.

The baby's clothes should have different fasteners - buttons of different shapes and sizes, buttons. It should be taken into account that it is much easier to fasten the clasp on a rug or another person than on yourself.

The situation when a child has only Velcro on his clothes and shoes throughout preschool age leads to the fact that even second-graders at 8-9 years old are not able to dress themselves if the clothes have a different type of fastener, and they cannot even tie their shoelaces when changing clothes. physical education! But a child’s lack of independence and dependence on an adult directly affects his future behavior and success in life.

Already at an early age, the child can taking off and putting on a hat, holding out the arms when putting on a sweater, putting on and taking off mittens and gloves, pulling off socks, taking off boots, putting your hands in the sleeves and your legs in your pants, taking off unbuttoned pants, a coat, a jacket - and this is also a contribution to the development of fine motor skills baby, and a very big contribution.

18. Tops. First, the baby learns to launch a spinning top, and then tops large sizes. And after that, give the baby small tops. Instead of a top, use any other objects: pyramid rings, balls, plastic bowls, etc. It is also useful to wind wind-up toys with a key.

19. Open and close jars (unscrew and tighten the lids) To make it more interesting, hide the surprise inside by wrapping it in paper. At the same time, the baby will practice unfolding and folding paper. What's hidden in the jar?

20. Lay out figures from sticks, from different types of mosaics.

21. Rolling balls. Children roll small balls around table (along the playing field, on which you can draw different paths - straight, curved, spiral). During the game, the ball should not slip out from under the palm. Tell your baby: “The balls are naughty! So they try to run away. Don’t let them go!” Balls can be rolled either with your palms (in the first games) or with one finger (in subsequent games).

22. Rolling a pencil between your palms. First, try rolling the pencil on the table with your palm. Then show your baby how to roll a pencil between straightened palms in his hands (the pencil is in a vertical position). You can glue a picture to the end of a pencil that will “dance” - spin.

More about the development of children’s fine motor skills on the “Native Path” website:

We will talk about how to develop fine motor skills in children from 3 to 7 years old in the next article (for children from 3 to 7 years old). In it you will find finger games, exercises by Maria Montessori for the development of fine motor skills in preschoolers, finger theater, games with clothespins, tests to determine the level of development of fine motor skills and many other interesting ideas.

You will find a list of “20 of the most interesting and unusual items for the development of fine motor skills in children.”

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The given exercises are aimed at restoring fine motor skills of the hands. Restoring hand mobility is one of the most difficult parts of rehabilitation, so it is important to be persistent and try all the exercises until you find what works for you.

Stretching exercises

Stretching exercises are performed actively or passively, depending on the degree of loss of hand mobility. If the mobility of a limb is completely lost, you can perform exercises by helping yourself with your healthy arm. Exercise helps prevent muscle spasms and restore hand mobility.

Hand exercise

Place your hand on the table, allowing your palm to hang freely from its surface. Start moving your palm up and down while bending your wrist.

Thumb exercise

The starting position is a fully open palm. Move your thumb toward your little finger as if you were showing the number 4. Continue moving your thumb between these two positions.

6 easy arm exercises

If your hand mobility is partially preserved, practice the exercises below. To complete this you will need a few simple items.

• Stacking coins
• Squeezing clothespins
• Board games (chess and checkers)
• Putting together a puzzle
• Playing the piano
• Playing a virtual piano (electronic simulator)

2 exercises for rotating and moving objects

Having mastered a set of coordination exercises, proceed to rotation and shift exercises.

Take a pen and try to rotate it around your middle finger using your index and ring fingers. Be sure to think about how the handle rotates in your hand.

Then hold the pen the way you normally hold it when writing (thumb, index and middle fingers). Push it forward with pushes until only the tip remains in your hand. Turn the handle over and repeat the exercise from the beginning. As you practice, think about how your fingers move along the handle.

Hand Exercises: Increasing Difficulty

To complete this exercise you will need 10 identical small objects like pea seeds. The goal of the exercise is to collect all the grains from the table with your fingers. As you select each next one, try to hold the already collected peas in your hand.

Thus, with your index finger and thumb you practice a pinch grip, and with the rest you learn to hold objects.

When all the beans are in your hand, place them back on the table one by one. Use your thumb to move the grain from your palm into the grip between your thumb and forefinger, and then place the grain on the table.

This exercise requires good coordination. If you can't do it the first time, remember that it is a difficult task that requires serious practice.

8 therapeutic ball exercises

The ball is one of the simplest and most accessible tools for restoring hand mobility.

Use soft balls to train strength and hard balls to restore coordination. Try using balls of different sizes and hardnesses to make your workout more effective.

1. Power grip. Squeeze the ball with all your fingers. Try to squeeze with your pads and fingertips.
2. Pinch grip. Squeeze the ball between your thumb and fingers. Squeeze it rhythmically on both sides.
3. Thumb training. Roll the ball up and down in your palm, bending and extending your thumb.
4. Rolling the ball on the table. Roll the ball over the surface, rolling it with your entire palm - from your wrist to your fingertips.
5. Palm squeezing. Hold the ball in your palm and squeeze it with your fingers. This exercise differs from the power grip in that you must focus specifically on squeezing your fingers inward. Imagine that you are trying to press your fingers straight into your palm.
6. Thumb rotation. Using your thumb in a circular motion, rotate the ball in your palm.
7. Squeezing with fingers. Squeeze the ball with any two fingers of one hand. Alternate your fingers.
8. Rolling the ball. Roll the ball from side to side using your thumb.

8 exercises with therapeutic clay

Therapeutic plasticine is another tool for restoring hand coordination and motor skills.

1. Exercise "scissors". Squeeze a lump of plasticine between your fingers.
2. Pinch grip. Squeeze a lump of plasticine with your thumb, index and middle fingers.
3. Power grip. Press all your fingers into the lump of plasticine.
4. Flat clamp. Squeeze the lump of plasticine with outstretched fingers.
5. Two finger stretch. Wrap a strip of plasticine around two fingers and stretch it in different directions.
6. Finger development. Wrap a strip of plasticine around your bent finger. And then straighten your finger, overcoming the resistance of the ring.
7. Stretch with all fingers. Wrap a strip of plasticine around your fingers and then stretch it with all your fingers at the same time.
8. Full power grip. Crumple a lump of plasticine by pressing it into your palm with your fingers.