Why does the child pee little? Should I worry if my baby starts writing very little? What mothers need to pay attention to. Reasons for the situation

Any good parent is rightly concerned when he sees that bad changes are taking place in his child’s body. For example, many mothers are concerned about the question of why their child urinates little.

This can indeed occur against the background of health problems, but in most cases the culprit is purely physiological, relatively harmless reasons.

Is it worth worrying?

Rare urination is typical for babies, and meanwhile, mothers of newborn firstborns sometimes fall into real despair when their baby does not urinate for several days in a row after birth.

In fact, this phenomenon is completely normal and biologically based.

If an older baby drinks little, this also affects the activity of his bladder. in the best possible way. Accordingly, you just need to adjust your drinking regime so that everything falls into place.

Causes infrequent urination are varied, but if you see other alarming symptoms in your child, in addition to this, you should urgently show him to the pediatrician to clarify the problem. What could be the reason if your child urinates little?

How do babies have bowel movements?

As already mentioned, a newborn baby may not urinate for several days in a row. Many young mothers who have embarked on the path of motherhood for the first time are very puzzled by this “problem” and begin to look for specific reasons for this. In fact, you have no reason to worry.

So why does a newborn baby urinate little and sparingly? The first urine from the corresponding organs can come out directly during childbirth. Sometimes this happens immediately after birth. In some children, the first urination occurs in the first 12 hours after birth. Very little urine is secreted in the body, although the organs of the genitourinary system are already quite well formed at the time of birth.

If you happen to give birth at home, especially in water, you may simply not notice that your newborn baby has already urinated. You should wait three days after delivery to draw any final conclusions and invite a doctor. The baby's body produces little urine, as mentioned earlier. Moreover, this phenomenon has not yet been scientifically explained. This phenomenon is called transient oliguria.

After the first week of a baby’s life, his organs undergo another serious change, which is called uric acid infarction: urine begins to oxidize and is released almost in an “adult” mode. Visually, this restructuring is accompanied by the fact that the biological fluid acquires an uncharacteristic brick-orange hue, respectively, leaving bright spots on the diaper. By the end of the second week of life, the child’s urine acquires normal transparency and a typical shade, and begins to separate in an acceptable volume.

The frequency of urination in newborns ranges from eight to thirteen times a day after the first week of life. The amount of urine discharge is 209 ml. You can add or subtract 30 ml to this value - this will also be normal. However, if you notice that your baby is peeing less, you should watch him.

Causes of rare and scanty urination in a newborn

Why infant urinates little:

• If the baby has a high temperature, the liquid may come out with perspiration;
• The situation is similar if the child is in a room with intense heating;
• A baby who is wrapped in layers of clothing and diapers may also sweat much more intensely;
• Diarrhea is another reason that can cause a decrease in the amount of urine produced. This happens because during diarrhea, severe dehydration occurs.

If all of the above factors are excluded, but the baby continues to write with minimal amounts of liquid, this is a serious reason to show him to the doctor. First, you should visit your pediatrician (or call him at home). He will give you referrals to other specialized specialists if the need arises.

Possible causes of poor urine volume in older children

If a child drinks little and also urinates little, this is quite logical. But what to do if everything happens exactly the opposite?

The first thing you should remember is to urgently call an ambulance if your child has not gone to the toilet for two days and his bladder is empty. This may signal the presence of such a serious and severe pathology as anuria. The combination of these symptoms often becomes its first sign.

Next, there is a sharp deterioration in the baby’s well-being and condition - he cries a lot, then becomes lethargic and weak, refuses food, his skin begins to turn pale and wrinkle. This is followed by truly terrifying things - convulsions and coma (clinical death).

Therapy for this pathology can be carried out exclusively in a hospital setting with hospitalization for constant monitoring.

If your child urinates little and often, but there are no other alarming symptoms, this may indicate the development of kidney disease, and it is also important to take adequate measures here. You should take your baby to the doctor. In addition to kidney pathologies, the problem may be the presence of genitourinary infections and other unpleasant diseases that can negatively affect the growth and development of your child.

Does your child drink a lot and urinate little?

This may also indicate kidney problems, only if your baby is not hyperactive, and, again, does not have a fever.

An important factor in self-diagnosis and observation is paying attention to the shade, consistency and turbidity of urine. It should look normal - fairly clear and light, not cloudy, orange or red.

Is it worth explaining that inclusions such as bloody or mucous are a signal for urgent seeking professional medical help? You should also monitor the smell of baby urine - of course, it should not smell sharp or foul, if only because the baby’s body is not so polluted and the kidneys do not process large amounts of toxins.

We must not forget that symptoms associated with frequent, rare, copious and scanty urination may also indicate hereditary pathologies. Diabetes, both diabetes and non-sugar diabetes, may also be the cause of such phenomena. There is also such a hereditary pathology as alkaptonuria. This genetic fermentopathy manifests itself in a really scary way - diapers and diapers on which the baby has urinated, after some time they become pitch black.

In principle, such a disease does not pose any potential danger to the baby’s life, but it can provoke the deposition of alkaptone in the joints, which will impair their mobility. If you treat the pathology in a timely manner, nothing like this will happen.

"Harmless" reasons

A child may urinate in small volumes and for the most “harmless” reasons, which cannot be ignored.

Among them:

1. Diet. If your child has eaten something too spicy or salty, the above may well happen to him, since salt tends to retain fluid in the body;
2. Weather. Is it hot summer outside? Then you don’t have to worry about the fact that the child pees a little - fluids leave his body in other ways, namely, through profuse perspiration. However, even if it’s freezing outside and you have heaters and air conditioners running at home, the same thing can happen to your baby;
3. Transfer to mixture. The mixture, unlike breast milk, is quite dense and contains a much smaller amount of water as a percentage. This is why mothers of artificial babies often “supplement” their children with water;
4. Weaning off the bottle. Your baby may initially refuse to drink from a cup because he is scared of the change. Accordingly, he will go to the toilet less often and in smaller volumes;
5. Weaning off diapers. If you start weaning your baby off diapers, he intuitively tries to control himself, and therefore will urinate less often.

Your child's bladder is growing rapidly, which should also not be forgotten. And every year he will go to the toilet less and less until he reaches full adult mode. But the amount of urine will increase.

Rare urination in children. Causes

Children never have stable physical indicators, and the younger the child, the more they can vary. At a certain age, a child may urinate quite rarely. In such situations, most parents wonder: what’s wrong with the baby’s health?

When looking for the reasons for rare urination in a child, you should start with an understanding of the process itself and its norms.

Urination is the process of filtering and removing urine from the body through voluntary muscle contraction and emptying the bladder. There are two important processes in urination - filtration and absorption (suction). The quality of urination depends on the activity and coherence of these processes.

The frequency of urination varies from place to place age groups. Human kidneys are one of the few organs that can develop outside the womb. The renal cortex and medulla can develop over several years, and the above-mentioned processes of absorption and filtration occur with their own characteristics in each age period.

Intermittent urination in a child is a reason to contact a specialist. Do not hesitate, since any acute pathology of the urinary tract leads to increased intoxication of the body and can be complicated by acute inflammatory processes in other organs and systems. In addition, untreated pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract often develops into a chronic condition and worries a person throughout his life.

To understand the facets of pathology, you need to understand what is considered normal. According to data adopted by the WHO (World Health Organization), the norms for urination in children are as follows.

Accordingly, a decrease in the frequency of urination compared to the lower limit of the age norm can be considered rare urination.

Why might urinary frequency change?

When considering this issue, it is necessary to highlight two main criteria - the child’s age and physiology. If everything is relatively clear with the first, then the second may raise questions.

The physiological nature of the problem of rare urination is caused by reasons not related to the child’s illnesses. Pathological is the opposite of physiological, indicating the presence of a disease.

Physiological reasons

1. During the neonatal period and infancy, when the child is fed single-component feeding (milk or formula), the reason for rare urination may be the increased fat content of the mother’s milk. High-fat milk can also cause infrequent bowel movements in babies. The only effective way to avoid such problems is to regularly change the nursing breast. Primary milk, that is, milk from the “new” breast, is the least fatty. Additional soldering is also acceptable.

3. Any infection, not only inflammation of the urinary tract can be accompanied by a significant decrease in urination. High body temperature, leading to dehydration, and as a result, rare urination. Insufficient fluid replacement when it is lost will not allow the body to get rid of toxins. That is why everyone knows the statement that in case of illnesses with high fever, you need to drink as much as possible.

Pathological causes

They most often explain precisely urinary retention - inability to empty the bladder independently(which is called urinary retention).

There are more than a dozen reasons why this rather painful condition can occur. This is for adults. In children, there are much fewer such reasons, but unlike adults, the contractile capabilities of the bladder in children are relatively small, so urinary retention is much easier to cause.

Urinary retention may arise due to a number of very diverse reasons:

• obstructions to outflow from the bladder;
• inflammatory processes in the urinary tract;
• diseases of the nervous system;
• factors of a toxic or reflex nature.

Among the reasons obstructing the flow of urine from the bladder, kidney diseases can be attributed to both congenital and acquired.

Parents, as a rule, learn about congenital pathologies in the first months. Eg…

The child is already a day old, but he has not urinated even once? It is imperative to inform the doctor about this; most likely, when examining the penis where the external opening of the urethra should be, the doctor will find a small depression covered with a thin film - this is an unresolved remnant of the embryonic urethra. It is removed with a fine-pointed instrument, and the child urinates immediately.

Also congenital phimosis may cause difficulty urinating in young children. Usually, mothers themselves draw the doctor’s attention to this cause of urinary retention - they say that during urination the child tenses up, becomes red, and one can see how his preputial sac is swollen with urine. This occurs because the lumen of the external opening of the preputial sac is narrower than the lumen of the urethra. In case of infection, when acute balanoposthitis, difficulty urinating becomes even more pronounced as a result of swelling of the mucous membrane of the foreskin. Some children experience complete anuria.

And it’s worth including as acquired paraphimosis- wrapping the foreskin with pinching of the head of the penis. At the same time, the foreskin noticeably expands; in the suprapubic region, when stroking, a full bladder is felt. In this case, urine is either retained or excreted intermittently, in small portions. The diagnosis is made without difficulty. Another reason for urinary retention is some kind of obstruction in the urethra. This condition can be caused by a number of reasons... For example, a bladder injury. Children are careless in games. Therefore, a blow to the perineum during a game of football or a fight, even without visible signs of damage to the urethra at first (urethrorrhagia!), can cause acute urinary retention several hours later due to the development of edema. Also, obstruction of the outflow can be a blockage of the urethra with a stone. Some causes are typical for children, for example, urinary retention in young boys after forced stretching of the congenital narrow foreskin and simultaneous destruction of congenital adhesions between the foreskin and the head, as well as after dissection of the narrow external opening in mild forms of hypospadias. Acute retention occurs here in response to severe pain during the first attempts to urinate after the intervention. TO rare reasons Urinary retention in boys includes tumors of the bladder (myxosarcoma) and prostate gland (sarcoma). In these cases, the condition is accompanied by severe pain when urinating. Urinary retention due to compression of the urethra can occur with tumors arising from the pelvis; Anuria rarely occurs with congenital urethral stricture.

Urinary tract infections

What characterizes them is not so much rare as intermittent urination The child has. In young children, urinary retention can occur due to a number of acute infectious diseases. In young children acute cystitis often proceeds in a peculiar way. If acute cystitis in adults is accompanied by frequent urge to urinate, then childhood it may cause acute urinary retention. From the stories of the parents, it turns out that the child complains of pain in the lower abdomen, does not urinate, cries when he is given a potty, and holds his penis with his hand (if we are talking about a boy). When trying to palpate the abdomen, a small patient, due to pain, cries and strains the abdominal wall, as a result of which it is not possible to determine the distended bladder. The urine of children with acute cystitis is often blood-stained, which can lead to an erroneous diagnosis of acute nephritis (which is also facilitated by false albuminuria). Inflammation of the kidneys or nephritis is characterized by a sharp decrease in the amount of urine excreted and a change in its color - due to the increased number of leukocytes, it becomes cloudy. Appear and other signs: swelling of the face, body and limbs, severe lower back pain, low-grade fever.

Often urinary retention in children depends on diseases of the nervous system, in particular the spinal cord. Most often this occurs when the spinal cord is compressed in patients with tuberculous spondylitis, spinal trauma, or myelitis. Both urinary retention and incontinence occur in acute meningococcal and tuberculous meningitis. Blum and Gohvard described such cases in two boys aged 13 and 15 years due to foci of poliomyelitis in the sacral spinal cord. Problems with urination in children can also arise due to injuries to the spinal cord and brain (concussion, fracture). In such cases, the child is given a bladder catheter for the entire period of recovery and treatment of the injury. Also, hysterical seizures can cause both urinary incontinence and acute retention. Elimination of the seizure or neurological syndrome resumes spontaneous urination. In this case, symptoms characteristic of neurological pathologies will be observed - tics, paralysis and paresis. With mental disorders, disturbances of consciousness and behavior immediately catch the eye.

Reflex urinary retention It occurs in a wide variety of conditions in children. Long forced abstinence from urination. After it, a reflex spasm of the bladder and urinary canal occurs, which causes urinary retention in children. Often this condition goes away on its own, but if it lasts a long time and causes severe pain, catheterization of the bladder is resorted to. In this case, painful urges and tension in the walls of the bladder, felt as a spasm, may occur. Reflex urinary retention can occur with acute appendicitis, helminthic infestation (for example, ascariasis) and a number of other reasons.

How to help a child?

It is clear that without finding out the root cause of this condition, it is difficult to provide significant help to a suffering person. We can only talk about temporary relief. And this is exactly what needs to be done before the doctor arrives, who will decide what to do next (place a catheter, examine, prescribe an examination, etc.).

Adult help non-specialists with urinary retention accompanied by painful sensations, may be as follows.

• Don't feed the baby. If he is very hungry, then offer a piece of an apple - no more.

• Offer to drink little by little (sweet tea or 5% glucose solution).

• You can try to relieve an acute pain attack and try to relax the bladder by placing the child in a warm bath with the addition of potassium permanganate.

• Give your child a tablet of no-shpa or papaverine - this will at least temporarily relieve the pain.

• Traditional medicine has in its arsenal many tools that help in such situations. Tinctures, decoctions, consumed internally and applied externally; baths with the addition of certain medicinal herbs - all this is possible and helps, but only in cases where it is reliably known what exactly causes this condition. Do not panic and, eager to help your child, start experimenting on him - wait for the doctor. Let him find out the cause and prescribe adequate treatment. Remember that main principle Any medicine (and folk medicine too) can’t do any harm!

If urinary retention is not painful

• You can try to provoke it with warm sitz baths and the sounds of flowing water.

• If a child has urinary disorders, the first thing you need to pay attention to is nutrition and water consumption. Not every liquid is equal to water, so it is worth teaching your child to drink regular clean water regularly. Fatty and spicy foods, as well as fast carbohydrates and coffee, which tend to retain fluid in the body, should be excluded from the diet.

All of the above remedies for urinary retention provide only a temporary effect, so always call a doctor.

From the first days of the baby, pediatricians draw the attention of the young mother to the fact that it is important to control the amount of liquid and food consumed, the color of urine and feces. Therefore, when a child goes to the toilet little or, conversely, too often, it is necessary to find out the reasons for this behavior and, if possible, consult a doctor.

How many times should a child write a day?

There is no clear data on how much a child should urinate per day. In response to your complaint that your child rarely goes to the toilet, the pediatrician can only advise you to monitor the amount of fluid intake. But let's speculate based on real observations of children

From birth, the baby pees often (on average 20-24 times a day); there are rarely cases when a newborn remains dry all night from the first days. At 1-1.5 years, the capacity of the bladder increases, and the baby can remain dry for two hours. During this same period, the baby may remain dry all night due to the fact that the filling of the bladder slows down. Therefore, if the baby goes to bed at 21:00 and gets up at 7:00 in the morning, then on average the child goes to the toilet 8 times per day.

At 3.5-5 years old, a child can tolerate 3-5 hours without a potty, then with this regime he can go to the toilet 3-5 times a day. But these data are purely theoretical, since you need to look at fluid consumption. If you think that your child does not go to the toilet well, then you need to monitor how much water, tea, compote, fruit juice, milk, and liquid from first courses he consumes per day.

For example, in maternity hospitals, children are allowed to drink boiled water 1-2 times a day (no more than 30 ml) between feedings. Pediatricians also say to give water to a child up to a year 1-2 times a day (no more than 60 ml), especially during periods of illness or fever. But one child can drink water with great pleasure, while another prefers to drink a liter of milk per day.

In summer or in a stuffy room, children drink more often and more, and in winter or in a ventilated, humidified room, accordingly, the volume of liquid they drink is less. In this case, of course, there is no reason to worry if the child does not go to the toilet very often. That's why moms should monitor their fluid intake before panicking at the pediatrician's office.

How to determine what the child goes to the toilet a little in a small way?

Weekly observations will be enough for the pediatrician to see if there are any deviations in the baby’s development. Any doctor will tell you that if the baby is cheerful, cheerful and energetic, then there is no reason to panic. If a child does not go to the toilet a lot, and this bothers him, causes pain, causes whims and mood swings, then you need to contact a pediatrician, urologist, surgeon and get tested.

If you notice that a baby under one year old urinates little, you should not sound the alarm ahead of time; it is better to reconsider the child’s lifestyle. This condition in children is often caused by eating disorders, psycho-emotional shocks or pedagogical errors. In other cases, it may be a sign of serious kidney disease or a developmental disorder.

Children under one year of age need to be given special attention, because, unlike older adults, they cannot complain of pain and report discomfort by screaming and crying. This behavior cannot be attributed only to banal colic or teething; you should always understand the cause of the concern. Otherwise, you may miss the first symptoms of a serious illness.

Normal urination rate in children depending on age

Water is very important for health; its lack can cause serious pathological changes in a child. A characteristic symptom that indicates a lack of fluid is oliguria, or insufficient urination. It can also indicate that water cannot leave the body normally - the baby consumes enough fluid, but pees less, which is also fraught with serious consequences.

Parents should pay special attention to urination of a child under one year of age, especially at night. Normally, a child should urinate at least 2 times during the night; after a year, this happens less often. An insufficient amount of urine may indicate a serious disorder in the body. However, often all problems can be solved by simply adjusting your diet and drinking regime.

You also need to pay attention to the color of the child’s urine; normally it is translucent yellow. A dark or bright yellow color indicates a lack of fluid in the body.

Standards for how much a baby should write per day:

Causes of rare urination

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This article talks about typical ways to solve your issues, but each case is unique! If you want to know how to solve your particular problem, ask your question. It's fast and free!

Sometimes you can notice that the baby begins to pee less often at night, in the morning the diaper or diapers are dry, but this does not mean that he has learned to control urination. Children under one year old are simply not capable of this.

Any changes in the baby's diet can affect the amount of urine

Why does a baby's urine output decrease? Often this is facilitated by natural, physiological reasons:

• transition from breastfeeding to formula;
• the mother has little milk or it is not fat enough;
• beginning of complementary feeding, transition to the adult table;
• violation of the drinking regime, drinking a small volume of liquid;
• hot weather or wrapping your child up too much, causing him or her to sweat excessively;
• potty training and diaper weaning.

These are harmless reasons that can be easily corrected; they will pass quickly and without consequences. However, in some cases, infrequent urination occurs due to illness or developmental abnormality:

• infectious diseases of the urinary system;
• kidney pathologies in a newborn;
• excessive stretching of the bladder, when the child endures for a long time and does not go to the toilet;
• phimosis, narrowing of the foreskin in boys (more details in the article:);
• nervous tension, hysteria, frequent stress;
• excessive use of diuretics, especially those taken without a doctor’s prescription or in excessive doses;
• head or spine injuries;
• dehydration, diarrhea and vomiting during an intestinal infection.

Associated symptoms

A 2-3 year old child is already able to tell his parents that something hurts. The condition of a newborn baby and infant should be closely monitored so as not to miss pathological symptoms. Signs that should alert parents and prompt them to contact a specialist:

• urination becomes rare, the stream pressure becomes weak;
• the baby pees often, in small portions, drop by drop (we recommend reading:);
• the process of urine excretion occurs only in one position and causes burning, stinging and pain;
• The baby urinates little at night - the next morning the diaper is dry.

If the described symptoms are also accompanied by signs of an inflammatory process, you should immediately consult a doctor:

• increased body temperature, even up to 37 °C;
• general weakness, lethargy, malaise;
• change in the smell and color of urine;
• bloody urine;
• crying, moodiness, restlessness during urination;
• morning swelling.

Quite often, respiratory infections (sore throat, flu, etc.) lead to inflammatory processes in the urinary system.

Infectious-toxic shock may develop, which will require emergency medical care. Its symptom is a significant decrease in the amount of urine excreted. Sore throat is especially dangerous; it can cause complications in almost all organs and systems.

Examination to identify pathology

When a baby pees a little, a specialist will order an examination to understand the cause of this disorder:

• Urinalysis: general, according to Nichiporenko, according to Zimnitsky, bacterial culture;
• general blood analysis;
• Ultrasound of the urinary system;
• CT and MRI;
• radiography using a contrast agent to identify pathologies in the structure of the kidneys and other organs.

What to do if a child urinates little and rarely?

Diseases of the genitourinary system should be treated under the supervision of an experienced specialist

Such diseases are easier to cure at the initial stage, so at the first symptoms you should immediately contact a specialist and begin treatment. Such disorders are dealt with by a nephrologist or urologist. He will prescribe medications aimed at eliminating the disease that causes rare urination. You should not take medications or perform procedures on your own. Diuretic drugs can only worsen the condition of the baby.

Usually, for diseases of the bladder and kidneys, a specialist prescribes:

• medications, they are prescribed strictly individually and taken according to a schedule developed by the attending physician;
• sitz baths for 15 minutes, the water temperature gradually increases from 26 to 30 °C (see also:);
• soothing compresses on the bladder area;
• therapeutic diet with a low salt content; salt in complementary foods should be completely excluded for infants;
• douching or urinating through a catheter - these methods are used if urine output is painful for the baby;
• droppers are used for severe dehydration;
• surgical intervention for serious pathology, the presence of stones or sand in the kidneys.

Prevention measures

Since impaired diuresis occurs most often for physiological reasons, this condition can be prevented by following simple rules.

It is necessary to constantly monitor the child’s drinking regime and teach him to drink clean, still water.

To prevent rare urination in a baby, parents need to closely monitor his condition:

• if there was a replacement baby food and urination has decreased, you should change the mixture and consult a pediatrician;
• observe the drinking regime - drink enough water: breastfed children up to 6 months have enough liquid in their mother’s milk, but in hot weather you can give additional water, and formula-fed babies simply need it;
• a nursing mother should adhere to a special diet so that the fat content of her milk does not suffer;
• introduce complementary foods in small volumes and one product at a time, according to the recommendations of the pediatrician and WHO;
• in the summer when it’s hot, you need to give your baby a lot of water and on demand, always take a bottle with you on a walk or to the clinic;
• carry out all necessary hygiene procedures on time;
• the baby may refuse to drink when he doesn’t like the sippy cup or bottle, in which case you should choose a different container;
• when teaching a potty, you should not put pressure on your child, force him to go to him, it is better to buy one that he likes together (we recommend reading:);
• for respiratory and intestinal diseases, give enough fluid, apply it to the chest more often to avoid dehydration;
• contact a pediatrician in a timely manner and treat infectious diseases, especially severe ones (flu, sore throat, etc.);
• Take medications only as prescribed by a doctor, read the instructions carefully before use.

One of the indicators of the health of a child in general and his genitourinary system in particular is how often he pees and what are the characteristics of his urine. It is important for parents not to lose sight of this important point and to notice all changes in the usual volumes and rhythms. An increase or decrease in the number of urinations does not always indicate the development of the disease, but this option cannot be excluded.

Some changes sometimes occur in the body of an infant, which entail an increase in urination or a reduction in urination - this symptom should alert parents, but in order to be savvy on the issue, you need to know the norms of urination for children of different ages.

Frequency of urination in a newborn

How much should a newborn pee? The baby is able to pee within the first minutes after birth, and some babies begin urinating within the first 12 hours. During this period, children manage to urinate several times. Of course, all the data is average, but even if the baby does not walk small in the first 24 hours after birth, this is also considered the norm. In most cases, the baby's first day of life is characterized by infrequent urination.

In addition to frequency, urination in newborns has characteristic features. The color of your baby's urine may be reddish or orange, but this is a completely normal picture. There are no disturbances in the body and the urine gets its color from urate salts, which are still in abundance there. Within a couple of days, the urine will become its usual light yellow color or even transparent.

There is no exact data on how much a newborn pees in milliliters. No one gives the number of urinations per day either. This number will be influenced by a number of factors: the age of the baby, the indoor climate and the type of feeding used.

There are no clear standards, but doctors, and then parents, adhere to the average statistical indicators:

• from 0 to 6 months – 20-25 urinations per day, 20-30 ml;
• from 6 months to 1 year – 15-16 urinations of 25-45 ml.

As a result, you can calculate the approximate volume of urine per day. In the age range of 1 month - 1 year it will be from 300 to 500 ml. We see that the baby often pees in the first months of life, subsequently this frequency decreases.

Volume and frequency of urination in children over 1 year of age

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This article talks about typical ways to solve your issues, but each case is unique! If you want to know how to solve your particular problem, ask your question. It's fast and free!

The baby is growing, and along with him, the number of factors that affect the quality of urine and the frequency of emptying the bladder is growing. This takes into account the volume of liquid drunk, atmospheric conditions, indoor climate, the state of all spheres of the child’s life (emotional, physical, mental), as well as the personal characteristics of the baby’s character. It has been noticed that easily susceptible, extremely vulnerable babies urinate more often than children who are calmer and more self-confident. How many times the baby walks depends on the structural features of the organs of the genitourinary system. A baby pees little if the capacity of his bladder is increased.

Academician and doctor of the Soviet period Albert Papayan developed a table in his time, which is still used by all specialists in the field of pediatrics. This table indicates the average frequency of urination in children at different times. age periods, and the volume of one portion of urine is also displayed here. Thanks to a detailed table, you can determine what is normal for a child and when to start worrying.

Table. Frequency and volume of urination in children over one year of age:

Parents notice that the baby begins to urinate less frequently as the process of potty training and diaper weaning begins. This situation is absolutely normal. The baby must learn to control urination, but before he did not care about this. Hence the increased frequency, but this will pass after some time. Be patient, and soon the baby will urinate at increasingly greater intervals. It is also noted that the baby pees little when the mother begins to introduce supplementary feeding or complementary feeding. Reducing the number of breastfeeding leads to a decrease in the urge to urinate.

The baby pees little as it gets older. With age, the toddler's bladder grows, and the volume of a single portion of urine will increase, while the frequency will decrease. In addition, the older the baby, the easier it is for him to control the body’s activities, in particular the functioning of the bladder. The norms indicated in the table are average and are designed for a healthy child. The living conditions are normal, the baby drinks fluids moderately and there are no changes in sweating, i.e. it neither overheats nor overcools. A normal situation would be that the child pees rarely, but in large volumes, which ultimately give the average statistical norm.

Data from tables and medical standards are provided for those children who drink a normal amount of fluid per day

Why does a child over 3 years old pee often?

You should not panic if your child begins to pee frequently. This may have to do with the individual characteristics of the child’s body, especially when working with infants. In this case, you should not suspect any disease.

When a child over 5-6 years old often pees, this needs to be investigated, especially if secondary symptoms are added to this sign. It is important not to let the process take its course, but to contact a specialist. Do not self-medicate, because only a doctor can find out the cause of the failure.

Physiological factors

A child may pee frequently due to physiological factors that, at their origin, do not pose a threat to the child’s health. In most cases, this is the body's reaction to external stimuli. We list the main causative factors:

1. Excessive drinking, especially carbonated drinks. It is difficult for the body to absorb all the liquid consumed and it tries to remove its excess through urine. When a child doesn't sweat much, he pees often. In summer, the liquid you drink per day compensates for regular moisture loss, and in winter, almost the entire volume is excreted in the urine, causing it to become almost transparent.
2. Consumption of diuretic products. Melon, watermelon, lingonberries, cucumbers, cranberries, as well as caffeine-containing products contain excess natural water (we recommend reading:). Children pee more often if they eat spicy, salty or sour foods.
3. When it is cool indoors or outdoors, the sweat glands do not work as intensely, and the genitourinary system, on the contrary, produces a lot of urine. Excessive hypothermia can lead to long-term disturbances, but if the baby is healthy, without foci of inflammation, the situation will improve on its own.
4. Influence of climatic conditions. Changes in atmospheric pressure and air humidity have a strong impact on the body.

If a child eats food containing a large amount of water (watermelon, melon), the frequency and volume of his urination will increase

Neurogenic factors

Stressful situations and psychological tension reduce the diameter of blood vessels, and therefore oxygen penetrates into tissues less well. Increased urine production is designed to compensate for oxygen deficiency. Following this, we see a situation where the child often goes to write. This phenomenon is quite normal and easily explained. Remember that during exciting periods the urge to urinate increases - for example, an athlete before a competition.

Excessively prolonged nervous excitement and tension leads to the child becoming uncomfortable, and nervous system disorders may also develop. An initially physiologically safe cause can lead to disease. Avoid prolonged stressful situations, and if necessary, you need to identify the cause and eliminate it.

In children under 4-5 years old, the phenomenon of an overactive bladder often occurs. Their frequency of urination is quite high and occurs in response to almost any type of stimulus. For example, by the age of 10, the problem subsides and the baby urinates only at night, but before this, urination occurred at absolutely any time of the day. The presence of this symptom in menstruation and even one year old baby should not frighten parents, but be considered solely as a normal physiological process.

An overactive bladder leads to the child peeing often - this is the body’s reaction to irritants or stress (more details in the article:)

Preservation of a hypertrophied active bladder in adolescence- more Hard case. There is a disease of a neurogenic nature, which is associated with disruption of the bladder.

A child who experiences stress from ridicule from friends after spontaneous urination is most susceptible to developing pathology. Treating overactive bladder is not easy and requires a lot of time and effort.

Development of the inflammatory process

When a child begins to pee frequently, you should pay attention to the presence of additional symptoms. Often the reason that a child often pees is an inflammatory process in the genitourinary system. The following symptoms are characteristic of this disease:

1. Pain when urinating. An inflamed urethra and bladder produce a lot of salt, which leads to pain. Children aged 2-3 years and older babies can themselves tell about pain symptoms, and you can notice such a pathology in infants by characteristic grunting or even crying.
2. Pain in the abdomen and lower back. The severity of sensations can be on one side or on both sides at once. The nature of the pain is paroxysmal or aching. The most painful sensations occur when running and jumping.
3. Increased blood sugar levels lead to constant thirst. It is important to recognize the onset of diabetes in the early stages.
4. Enuresis (more details in the article:). Inflammation of the kidneys, bladder, or urethra may cause urinary incontinence.
5. Change in urine color. The reddish tint of urine may be influenced by the consumption of cherries or beets, and there is also the possibility of a disorder of the glomeruli of the kidneys, which is of an immune-inflammatory nature.

Is it all due to urethritis?

When looking for the cause of frequent urination in a child, do not exclude the possibility that existing urethritis may influence this fact. The urethra is affected by an infectious disease, which occurs due to non-compliance with hygiene rules. Harmful microorganisms enter the canal and cause inflammation of the mucous membrane.

Indicative signs include:

• sudden and very strong urge to urinate;
• pain at the beginning of the process;
• small spontaneous leaks.

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out through a urine test and a smear from the urethra. The most common disease among children is infectious cystitis. Pathogenic bacteria enter the bladder and cause inflammation. The main symptoms of cystitis include:

• increased body temperature;
• incontinence;
• pain in the perineum, lower abdomen and rectal area.

An elevated body temperature combined with other symptoms may be a sign of a developing infection.

Cystitis requires timely treatment. Advanced forms of the disease lead to the appearance of pyelonephritis, when the lesion covers the kidney tissue. This disease is very difficult to treat.

If you notice in a child, in addition to an increased urge to urinate, a constant desire to drink, you should consider the development of diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus. The latent stage of diabetes mellitus is characterized by precisely these symptoms. Progression of the disease leads to weight loss and weakness. Other signs of intoxication of the body are also observed.

When a baby begins to pee frequently, you should not be alarmed unless other symptoms are added to this fact. Often the reason lies in the influence of external factors on physiological processes. If you notice additional signs of the disease, you should immediately begin an examination with a specialist in order to identify the root of the problem, its causes, and prevent the development of pathologies.