In purl rows, knit yarn overs twisted. The secret of openwork patterns is the yarn over! Preparing yarn for work

In knitting, yarn overs are used quite often: in patterns with complex weaves of threads, to add and lengthen loops. Without yarn overs, it is impossible to knit openwork patterns (end-to-end), and the so-called English ones (these are patterns of yarn overs and knit stitches without purl stitches). There are two ways to perform a yarn over: moving the knitting needle towards you and away from you (Fig. 3.1).

Yarn "from yourself" used extremely rarely. Many patterns, for example, like the English ones, with such a yarn over are obtained in a distorted form; in openwork patterns it leaves a too large hole. In hand knitting, as a rule, the yarn over is applied “towards you”. To perform some openwork patterns, it is sometimes necessary to make several yarn overs in a row, that is, several turns around the knitting needle.

If the yarn over is followed by a knit stitch, then it is knitted without difficulty, but if it is a purl loop, then when knitting it, the yarn over must be held with the index finger of your right hand so that it does not slip off the knitting needle. If after yarn over you need to remove a loop without knitting, then the knitting needle is inserted into it from right to left, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

Sometimes after the yarn over (or before it) 2 stitches are knitted together. In this case, the knitting needle is inserted into 2 loops at once and one of them is knitted. The new loop will definitely be tilted to the right if 2 loops were knitted from the front walls, or to the left - if from the back ones. This pattern is used in openwork patterns for a clearer image.

Openwork patterns

It is recommended to make them from a straight thread, since knots, thickenings and other defects when knitting an openwork pattern are very noticeable. Yarn consumption for openwork patterns is the lowest compared to all other patterns. Get acquainted with knitting the simplest openwork pattern while continuing to knit the training fabric.

Figure 3.2. Hemstitch

Exercise 3.1. Merezhka (Fig. 3.2)
There are 29 stitches on the needles (the number should be divided by 3 plus 2 edge stitches).
1st row - 1 yarn over (towards you), knit the next 2 loops together with “grandmother’s” knit, 1 knit with “grandmother’s”, etc.
2nd row - purl “granny” loops (knit yarn overs also purl).

After this exercise, the canvas will become skewed. This happened because in the same row 2 loops were repeatedly knitted together with a tilt in the same direction.
The distortion resulting from the structure of the pattern should not be confused with another - from a strongly twisted thread.

English knitting

A typical example of English knitting is various English elastic bands. The fabric made from them is lush, loose, with the same pattern on both sides. Elastic bands stretch greatly, so they cannot be used to decorate the edges of clothes. They are mainly used for knitting scarves, hats and sportswear.

Exercise 3.2. English elastic band 1x1 (Fig. 3.3)
There are an odd number of loops on the knitting needles - 29. The knitting is not tight.
1st row - knit 1, yarn over 1, slip 1, etc.
Yarn over the 2nd and all subsequent rows before each purl loop, and remove the purl stitch, knitting, count the double crochet loop as one loop and knit the front wall (if you knit the back one, the pattern will turn out in a distorted form).

Two-tone looks smart English elastic with narrow horizontal stripes (Fig. 3.4).
They knit it like this: 2 rows in one color, 2 rows in another, and so alternate without breaking the threads. Using the same principle, you can knit with threads of three or more colors.

Interesting option two-color English elastic band with sides equal in color (Fig. 3.5). This knitting must be done with knitting needles on a fishing line or straight, but with two working ends.

Exercise 3.3. Two-color English elastic band 1x1 with vertical stripes (see Fig. 3.5)
There are 29 loops on the needles (odd number). Knit not tightly, 1st row (the front side of the work is dark thread) - 1 knit, 1 yarn over, slip 1, etc.
2nd row (wrong side of the work, light thread) - 1 yarn over, slip 1, knit 1 (knit the yarn over with a loop, counting them as one loop), etc.
3rd row (wrong side of the work, move the knitting to the opposite end of the knitting needle and knit with a dark thread) - 1 purl (purl a yarn over with a loop, counting them as one loop), 1 yarn over, slip 1, etc.
4th row (front side of work, light thread) - 1 yarn over, slip 1, purl 1 (purl the yarn over with a loop, counting them as one loop), etc.
5th row (right side of the work, move the knitting to the opposite end of the knitting needle and knit with a dark thread) - 1 knit (knit a yarn over with a loop, counting them as one loop), 1 yarn over, slip 1, etc.

6th row - repeat the pattern from the 2nd row.

There are many other patterns (not only two-color, but also one-color), for which you have to move the knitting along the knitting needle. All of them are distinguished by an intricate weave of threads and therefore seem complex. In fact, they are performed without difficulty.

Note. Knitting needles with two working ends can be made from regular ones by sharpening the non-working end. It's okay if you have any mistakes while knitting, they can always be corrected.

Removed or pulled out loops

Skimmed loops are often used in patterns. They can be short, if removed without knitting, to a height of 1-2 rows, or long (4-6 rows). Short slip stitches are performed as follows: the knitting needle is inserted into the loop from right to left and removed from the left knitting needle to the right one, without knitting .
In this case, depending on the characteristics of the pattern, the working thread can be left behind the removed loop (Fig. 3.6) or placed in front of it (Fig. 3.6).

To knit a long removed loop, you need to insert the right knitting needle into the loop from left to right (the working thread lies on the index finger) and wrap the end of the knitting needle several times clockwise with thread (Fig. 3.7). Then pull the knitting needle with turns back into the loop (make sure that the turns do not slip) and remove the knitted loop from the left knitting needle to the right one. In the next rows, the loop formed from the turns is removed without knitting, while the knitting needle is inserted from right to left.

Exercise 3.4. Elastic band 1x1 from removed short loops (Fig. 3.8)
There are 29 loops on the needles (the number must be odd, edge stitches are included in this count).
1st row - knit 1, purl 1, etc.
2nd and all even rows - slip purl stitches, leaving the thread in front of the loops, and knit knit stitches.
3rd row - repeat the pattern from the 1st row.

Exercise 3.5. Removed long loops on the purl stitch (Fig. 3.9)
There are 29 loops on the needles. This is the last exercise on the training surface.
1st row - purl 4, * knit 1 with two turns, purl 5. From * repeat until the end of the row.
At the end of the row, knit 1 with two turns, purl 4 and an edge stitch.
2nd row - knit 4, * remove 1 (thread in front of the loop) and pull out using the turns dropped from the knitting needle, knit 5. From * repeat until the end of the row. At the end of the row, remove and pull out 1 loop (thread in front of the loop), 4 knit stitches and an edge stitch.
3rd row - purl 4, * slip 1 stitch (insert the knitting needle from right to left, thread behind the loop), purl 5. From * repeat until the end of the row. At the end of the row, remove 1 loop (thread by loop), purl 4 and an edge stitch.
4th row - knit 4, * slip 1 stitch (insert the knitting needle from right to left, thread in front of the loop), knit 5. From * repeat until the end of the row. At the end of the row, remove 1 loop (thread in front of the loop, * 4 knits and an edge stitch.
5th row - repeat the pattern from the 1st row. Thus, the removed loop is not knitted in four rows.
After finishing the exercise, fasten (close) the loops of the last row and carefully examine the fabric. It clearly shows the dependence of its width on the structure of the pattern (the widest is an English elastic band, the narrowest elastic band is 1X1 from the short loops removed).

In the following lessons we will look at how to make a chain stitch.

If the canvas is stretched in width, you will notice another pattern: the patterns stretch in different ways. The two patterns that proved to be the most pliable were the garter stitch purl stitch and the English rib stitch.

Features of patterns must be taken into account when making knitted clothing. For example, if you are planning to knit an item that you will wear often, then you should not make it with a loose pattern: the item will quickly deform.

Yarn over is a special technique in knitting that allows you to make the knitted fabric openwork. A yarn over is a kind of loop, but not knitted. In knitting and crocheting, there are several types of yarn overs and techniques for its implementation. Let's learn how to knit and crochet a yarn over.

Yarn over with knitting needles

Since the yarn over is an “empty loop”, it is not knitted with the loop of the bottom row, but simply thrown over the working thread onto the knitting needle. Depending on the method of throwing and knitting in the next row, the yarn over can be straight, reverse or double.

Straight yarn over

Using the right knitting needle, we pick up the working thread, inserting the knitting needle towards you - from right to left. Holding the slightly stretched thread on the knitting needle with the finger of your right hand, we knit the next loop (according to the pattern). In the next row, the yarn over is knitted according to the pattern - with a purl or front loop. If there are no special instructions in the pattern, then the yarn over is knitted with a purl loop. When you pick up the yarn over the front wall, an openwork hole is created in the fabric. When you pick up the yarn over the back wall, the thread is twisted and the fabric is continuous.

Reverse yarn over

Using the right knitting needle, we pick up the working thread, inserting the knitting needle in a motion away from ourselves - from left to right. Holding the slightly stretched thread on the knitting needle with the finger of your right hand, we knit the next loop (according to the pattern). To create a hole in the next row, the yarn over is knitted behind the back wall. To obtain a crossed loop (without a hole), we knit a yarn over the front wall. Otherwise, the execution technique does not differ from the straight yarn over technique.

Double yarn over

Double yarn over is used in openwork patterns to create wide holes. With a double yarn over, the thread is wrapped around the working needle twice. In the next row, the double yarn over is knitted differently, depending on the design of the pattern. To get a large hole, one turn is knitted and the second is dropped from the loop. Another option is to knit one turn with a purl loop and the second with a knit stitch (or vice versa). When knitting a double yarn over with identical loops, make one of them regular and the other crossed.

Crochet yarn over

Many people know how to crochet without crochet. To do this, insert the hook into the third loop of the previous row, pick up the thread and pull it into the loop. Pick up the thread again and pull it through two loops on the hook.

You can't miss today's lesson! Otherwise, you will not be able to move further in the right direction.

The topic of the lesson is devoted to the study of the most important element of knitting, which is called the yarn over.

Yarn over used along with knit and purl stitches when knitting openwork patterns. Simply put, this is an additional loop that increases the total number of loops in the knitting row.

Thanks to the yarn overs in knitted fabric holes are formed, since these loops are not connected to the loops of the previous row. In order for the number of loops on the knitting needle to remain unchanged during knitting when using yarn overs, the two preceding yarn overs or the two subsequent loops are knitted together.

Yarn is so called because the thread going from the ball to the knitting pounces on the right knitting needle. There are two ways to throw a thread: front to back And back to front.

What does it mean? What kind of yarn over is used when knitting?

Let's see how it is formed straight yarn over. The thread from the work (on the right side) goes up the right knitting needle from the front side of this knitting needle, goes around it from front to back and goes down the back side of the right knitting needle.

What analogy do we see here?

Let's remember mechanism of classical loop formation: from right broach (i.e. the place from which a new loop begins) the thread goes around the knitting needle front and goes down behind knitting needles This is true for both purl and purl loops.

Let us repeat once again: the correct position of the loop is when its right leg is located in front of the knitting needle!

In the same way, a classic yarn over must obey this rule: from the previous loop, the thread first goes to the front of the knitting needle, then to the back.

Understanding the logic of this strict law of classical loops, you will never get confused in answering the question to yourself: “How to yarn over correctly?”

The yarnover rule can be supplemented with a description of the movement of the knitting needle: with the right knitting needle we make movement towards oneself grabbing the thread from the ball from below.

Let’s simplify the understanding even more: a knitting needle is feminine, a spoon is also feminine. We use a knitting needle in the same way as a spoon when we eat soup and bring it to our mouth. Reproduce these movements and you will immediately understand everything.

If after the yarn over you need to knit a knit or purl loop, then the yarn over should be held on top with the index finger of your right hand (press slightly against the knitting needle).

The yarn over is usually knitted on the wrong side.

The main reasons for the unpopularity of the reverse yarn over:

• It does not form a pronounced hole in the knitted fabric;
• Extremely difficult to knit from the wrong side;
• The method of education does not correspond to the classical scheme.

In the next lesson we will look at how to use a straight yarn over to get a straight edge.

/ 02/06/2016 at 19:42

Greetings, dear friends!

Let's continue our training. From this lesson you will learn what knitting yarn overs are and why they are needed, and also become familiar with the basic methods of knitting them.

In fact, everything is very simple. The word “yarn over” itself indicates a technique in knitting when a working thread is simply thrown onto a knitting needle. In this case, an additional loop is formed, not connected with the previous row, which will be knitted in the next row.

Let's look at everything in more detail.

Yarn overs can be straight or reverse. A straight yarn over is performed as follows: with the right knitting needle, the working thread lying on the index finger of the left hand is picked up, moving towards you, that is, from bottom to top and from right to left:

The thread picked up in this way remains on the knitting needle. Next, we continue knitting the next loop of the row, as indicated in the description of the pattern, or in the diagram. At the same time, lightly hold the newly formed yarn over with the index finger of your right hand.

The reverse yarn over is performed in reverse: we pick up the working thread with the right knitting needle from ourselves - also from bottom to top, only in the direction from left to right:

If the description does not specifically indicate which yarn over needs to be made, it means that it should be a straight yarn over. But in reality, it doesn't really matter. You can knit a yarn over either straight or reverse. The main thing is how you knit it in the next row! And this depends on the purpose for which the yarn overs are performed. And let's move on to the next section of the lesson.

Why are capes needed?

Basically, capes serve the following purposes:

Formation of holes in knitted fabric when knitting openwork patterns

Since the yarn over in any case adds a loop, in order to balance the number of loops in the row, the number of loops that was added by yarn overs is reduced by knitting loops 2 together, sometimes 3 together. And since the yarn over is in no way connected with the previous row, a hole appears in its place (if the yarn over is correctly knitted in the next row).

As a rule, in openwork patterns, unless otherwise specified, yarn overs in purl rows are knitted with purl loops. To make a hole, the yarn over is knitted with a regular, uncrossed loop (see. lesson 6). That is, if you knitted a straight yarn over on the front row, it will lie on the knitting needle in such a way that to form a hole you need to knit it with a loop behind the front wall. Conversely, the reverse yarn over in the next row will need to be knitted behind the back wall for this purpose.

Note: If you knit an openwork pattern in a circle, then in this case the yarn overs need to be knitted not with purl stitches, but with knit stitches.

There are also double yarn overs. This is when the working thread is picked up by a knitting needle twice. It turns out that the thread seems to wrap around the knitting needle:

These wraps are rarely used, usually in patterns where large holes are needed. In such cases, the description of the pattern indicates how to deal with the yarn over in the next row: sometimes it is simply unraveled, and sometimes it is knitted together with nearby loops.

As a result of knitting double yarn overs, the holes are large

Expanding the knitted fabric by adding yarn over loops

This method of expansion is used when you need to add loops not only along the edges, but also in the middle of the knitted fabric. For example, vertical darts from the waistline in complex fitted models, widening of skirts, if not knitted at the top, etc. And here the holes are no longer needed.

For beginner knitters, it is sometimes difficult to figure out how to knit yarn overs so that there are no holes. It's simple - to do this, in the next row you need to knit them with crossed loops. That is, straight yarn overs in the next row are knitted with a loop behind the back wall (front or back, based on the pattern of the fabric), and reverse yarn overs – behind the front wall. That's all the wisdom.

Or even simpler, so as not to bother, pick up the yarn over so that its loop seems to twist:

In this photo you can see that the places where loops are added, obtained by yarn overs knitted with crossed loops, are actually hardly noticeable:

Using yarn overs in other patterns

Capes are also used in patent (such as English gum) and in semi-patent patterns ( pearl elastic). There they are knitted together with a removed loop that follows the yarn over, and therefore they do not form any holes or extensions, but simply serve to form a special texture of the knitted fabric.

Well, friends, I hope now you don’t have any questions about capes, and if you do, ask them in the comments to this article.

You can check out other lessons for beginners

Hello, dear readers and students of the Knitting School!

In today's lesson you will learn: how to do Yarn over with knitting needles, what type of slipped stitches are, and what they represent knitted loops . I hope that the knitting lessons published here will be useful to you.

How to yarn over with knitting needles

Basically, yarn overs are used with knitting needles when knitting patterns: openwork, patent (including English gum), with elongated loops and patterns with complex weaves of threads; It happens that yarn overs are used to add loops in a knitted fabric.

Depending on the direction of movement of the spokes Yarn over can be done in two ways: “TO YOURSELF” (picture on the left) and “FROM YOURSELF” (picture on the right).

The “FROM YOURSELF” yarn over is used very rarely in knitting, since many patterns with such a yarn over turn out distorted. So, if in the description of a pattern or model you just see the word “cape,” it means we are talking about a cape “TO YOURSELF.”

The knit stitch after the yarn over is very easy to knit. If, after the yarn over, you need to knit the yarn over, then you need to hold the yarn over with your finger so that it does not jump off the knitting needle.

Sometimes, before the yarn over or immediately after it, you need to knit 2 loops together with the front one: if these 2 loops are hooked behind the front walls, the new loop will be tilted to the RIGHT, if you knit them behind the back walls - to the LEFT.

To make some patterns, you have to make a double (we wrap the knitting needle twice), triple (we wrap the knitting needle three times) or with an even larger number of windings with knitting needles.

Naturally, the larger this number, the longer the loop turns out when dropping these yarn overs.

To make it easier for you to imagine what a double or triple yarn over looks like, I suggest you knit this pattern with knitting needles.

Knitting pattern “Sea foam”

Knitting pattern " Sea foam"is very original, and this is precisely the merit of the yarn overs (regular, double and triple) that are used in it. It is also double-sided, so this pattern can be used where the back side should look the same as the front side.

The Sea Foam pattern is perfect for knitting as women's clothing, and children's, regardless of the time of year - you just need to choose the right yarn.

In order to knit a sample of this pattern, we will dial the number of loops divisible by 10, add 6 loops to make the pattern look symmetrical, and 2 edge loops (20+6+2=28), and start knitting.

Description of the “Sea Foam” pattern

• in the 1st and 2nd row - knit with facial loops;
• in the 3rd row - 6 knit, *1 yarn over, 1 knit, double yarn over, 1 knit, triple yarn over, 1 knit, double yarn over, 1 knit, 1 yarn over, 6 knit*;
• in the 4th row - we knit with facial loops, dropping yarn overs as we knit. (they don't knit!);
• in the 5th and 6th rows - we knit with facial stitches;
• in the 7th row - 1 knit, *1 yarn over, 1 knit, double yarn over, 1 knit, triple yarn over, 1 knit, double yarn over, 1 knit, 1 yarn over, 6 knit*, 1 yarn over, 1 knit, double yarn over, 1 knit, triple yarn over, 1 knit, double yarn over, 1 knit, 1 yarn over, 1 knit;
• in the 8th row - knit as in 4;
• in the 9th row - repeat the pattern from the 1st row.

I hope the capes are sorted out. Next up - removed (stretched) loops.

Removed (stretched) loops

Skimmed loops are a more familiar name for me for loops that were transferred from the left needle to the right without being knitted. And when I first heard (or read?) the expression "extended loops", I thought it was some special type of loop. Imagine my surprise when I realized that the removed and pulled out loops are the same thing!

Removed (stretched) loops can be SHORT (to a height of 1 - 2 rows) And LONG (to a height of 4 - 6 rows).

To get a SHORT slipped (extended) loop, insert the right knitting needle into the loop from RIGHT to left (as in the picture) and remove it from the left knitting needle to the right one without knitting.

In this case, the working thread can remain either BEHIND the removed loop (picture on the left) or IN FRONT of it (picture on the right), depending on how the pattern requires.

Well, to get a LONG removed (extended) loop, insert the right knitting needle into the loop from LEFT to right and wrap the end of the knitting needle several times clockwise (see picture) . After this, carefully pull the knitting needle with the turns (so that the turns do not slip) back into the loop and remove the knitted loop onto the right knitting needle.

In the next row, remove the loop with turns without knitting, and drop all the turns from the knitting needle (forming long loop). In subsequent rows, remove the loop formed from the turns unknitted, and insert the knitting needle into it From right to left ( as in the picture with short loops removed).

The removed (stretched) loops give the product some looseness. Therefore, to prevent the product from stretching during washing, it is advisable to knit it a little tighter.

That seems to be all for today. You can practice how to yarn over with knitting needles using simple ones. Short stitches removed (extended) with knitting needles can be found. Well, I knitted with long removed (extended) loops. So train for your health!

I would really like to know your opinion, dear readers, did I explain everything clearly? If you get into trouble, don't hesitate to ask for help - I don't bite.