What experiments are there with water? Let's experiment with water! Dancing grapes and timid tea leaves. Lava lamp

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We have a lot of things stored in our kitchen that can be used for interesting experiments for children. Well, for myself, to be honest, make a couple of discoveries from the “how did I not notice this before” category.

website I chose 9 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions in them.

1. Lava lamp

Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, some food coloring, a large transparent glass or glass jar.

Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.

Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.

2. Personal rainbow

Needed: A container filled with water (bathtub, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.

Experience: Pour water into a container and place a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of the flashlight onto the mirror. The reflected light must be caught on the paper on which a rainbow should appear.

Explanation: A ray of light consists of several colors; when it passes through the water, it breaks down into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.

3. Vulcan

Needed: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.

Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle from clay or sand - for the surroundings. To cause an eruption, you should pour two tablespoons of soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup of warm water, add a little food coloring, and finally pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.

Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins, releasing water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles push the contents out.

4. Growing crystals

Needed: Salt, water, wire.

Experience: To obtain crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which the salt does not dissolve when adding a new portion. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. To make the process go better, it is desirable that the water be distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Next, you can lower a wire with a small loop at the end into the solution. Place the jar in a warm place so that the liquid cools more slowly. In a few days, beautiful salt crystals will grow on the wire. If you get the hang of it, you can grow fairly large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.

5. Dancing coin

Needed: Bottle, coin to cover the neck of the bottle, water.

Experience: The empty, unclosed bottle should be placed in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle removed from the freezer with it. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to jump and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds similar to clicks.

Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which compressed in the freezer and occupied a smaller volume, but has now heated up and begun to expand.

6. Colored milk

Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.

Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of coloring. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.

Explanation: The detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and causes them to move. This is why skim milk is not suitable for the experiment.

7. Fireproof bill

Needed: Ten-ruble bill, tongs, matches or lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (1/2 part alcohol to 1/2 part water).

Experience: Add a pinch of salt to the alcohol solution, immerse the bill in the solution until it is completely saturated. Use tongs to remove the bill from the solution and allow the excess liquid to drain. Set the bill on fire and watch it burn without getting burned.

Explanation: The combustion of ethyl alcohol produces water, carbon dioxide and heat (energy). When you set fire to a bill, the alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not sufficient to evaporate the water with which the paper bill is soaked. As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and the slightly damp ten remains intact.

9. Camera obscura

You will need:

A camera that supports long shutter speeds (up to 30 s);

Large sheet of thick cardboard;

Masking tape (for gluing cardboard);

A room with a view of anything;

Sunny day.

1. Cover the window with cardboard so that light does not come from the street.

2. We make a smooth hole in the center (for a room 3 meters deep, the hole should be about 7-8 mm).

3. When your eyes get used to the darkness, you will see an inverted street on the walls of the room! The most visible effect will be achieved on a bright sunny day.

4. Now the result can be shot with a camera at a long shutter speed. A shutter speed of 10-30 seconds is fine.

There is nothing more amazing and diverse than the world around us. Children, starting from a very early age, explore it day after day, imagining nature in their own way and how everything in it is connected to each other. The main task of the adults around them is to direct the child’s desire for knowledge in such a way that the child believes that he came to this conclusion himself after conducting a series of analyses, observing a number of events and simply systematizing the knowledge gained.

It has long been established that experiment is the most effective method in achieving the delight that young pioneers strive for. And how important it is to see not only the experience itself, but also to get to the bottom of the truth and find out why this happens, to be able to repeat it - isn’t this a miracle? A child of any age - from kindergarten to high school student - will become not just a grateful spectator, but also an active participant

With the “juice of life on Earth” – water.

Experiments with water for preschoolers

Experience No. 1. What shape is water?

How does water behave when it is placed in vessels that have different shapes? This experience will help you find out. To carry it out you will need a transparent jug, a tall glass, a plate and a stool or table.

By alternately pouring water from a container into a container, and then simply pouring some of the water onto the surface of a table or stool, children will see that water, like any liquid, has no shape, but takes the shape of the vessel in which it is immersed or spreads over the surface if it was spilled.

Experience No. 2. Can water expand?

The following experiment should be carried out in winter outside at sub-zero temperatures or having a freezer with a volume sufficient to place a bottle in it in an upright position. To carry out the experiment you will need plastic bottle with a capacity of one and a half liters, so that the result of the experiment is more clear. The bottle must be transparent. You also need to stock up on a small piece of colored electrical tape and, in fact, water itself.

This experiment is carried out as follows:

• Fill the bottle halfway with water;

• Wrap the bottle with colored electrical tape to mark the liquid level;

• Then you need to leave the container with water in the cold or in the refrigerator without turning it over;

• After waiting for the water to freeze, you will be able to observe that the tape glued to the bottle remained at the bottom, and the water level increased as it froze.

This experience indicates an increase in the volume of water as it freezes.

Experience No. 3. Can eggs swim?

For this experiment with water at home, you need two 0.5 liter jars and one 1 liter jar. You will also need 1 egg, which will become the main “character” in the experiment, and table salt.

Fill the first half-liter jar with clean water, the second with water with the addition of three tablespoons of table salt.

Once the egg is in a jar of clean water, it will slowly sink to the bottom of the jar. In a saline solution it will float on the surface.

Now you need to put the egg in an empty liter jar and alternately pour water from both jars into it until you get a solution of such a concentration that the egg will float exactly in the middle of the liquid level. It won't float and won't sink!

With the addition of salt, the water becomes denser. It turns out that the saltier the water, the more difficult it is to drown in it? Exactly! It’s not for nothing that swimming in the sea is much easier than in fresh water.

Experience No. 4. Natural perfection - crystals

Here you will need a container (glass, cup, jar), water, wool thread and table salt.

It is better to take warm water for the experiment so that the salt dissolves better. You need a lot of salt. So much so that when it dissolves in a vessel of water, it begins to precipitate and stops dissolving.

You need to immerse a woolen thread in this solution (it will be easier for crystals to cling to the fibers), although thin wire or a branch can also be used.

After 3-5 days, the thread will be covered with wonderful salt crystals. This experiment will show what crystals are, where they come from, and what their properties are.

Experience No. 5. Miracle cover

With just one glass of water and a piece of paper you can perform a stunning experiment.

Surely 99% of people answer the question: “What happens if a glass of water is turned over?” They will answer unequivocally: “It will spill.” Young researchers will have to prove the opposite, however, to be on the safe side, before turning the glass over, you need to cover it with a sheet of paper.

So, cover a glass of water with a sheet of paper. Now turn it over sharply, supporting the leaf. You can remove your hand - the paper and water will not go anywhere!

Experience shows that the air pressure that the paper receives from below is greater than the water pressure that the leaf receives from above, and therefore the water is held in place with its help and does not spill out.

Experiments with water for primary school children

Experience No. 1. From point to point

To conduct this study, you need very simple equipment: a transparent plastic cup, a paper napkin, multi-colored markers and, of course, water.

• A regular table napkin needs to be folded in four to get a rectangular shape. Cut a 5-centimeter piece from it and unfold it, resulting in a long and narrow piece of napkin.

• Stepping back 5 cm from the edge, draw bright multi-colored dots one after another along the length of the strip of napkin so that they form multi-colored “beads”.

• Pour half the volume into a glass of water.

• 2 centimeters not drawn with dots, lower the strip of napkin into the water.

As a result, the water from the glass will instantly rise up on the paper napkin and color it all in the colors of all the dots applied to the strip.

From experience it will become known that water always finds its way not only down, but up. In this case, the porous cellulose fibers that make up the napkin were made this way.

Experience No. 2. How much salt can you put in a full glass of water?

This experiment can be carried out with a glass of water and a glass of table salt.

To get started, fill a simple glass with water to the very brim. Smoothly stirring the water in the glass, start pouring salt into it. This should be done slowly, giving the salt time to dissolve and the water in the glass not to go beyond the banks.

The goal of this water experiment for children is to prove that you can add enough salt to a filled glass of water without spilling a drop.

There is a scientific explanation for this: water leaves free space between its particles, and that’s where the salt particles are placed. However, an excess of salt will cause the water to stop dissolving it, sediment will form at the bottom and the water will begin to overflow over the edges of the glass.

Experience No. 3. Does only hot water always boil?

To conduct the experiment, you need to prepare a handkerchief, water in a glass and an elastic band (suitable for tightly securing the handkerchief to the glass).

• Cover the glass with water with a wet and well-wrung out handkerchief and secure it tightly with an elastic band around the neck.

• Now press the top of the finger in the middle on the surface of the scarf so that in this place it sinks 3 cm into the water.

• Turn the glass over sharply, holding it with one hand, and hit the bottom with the other.

At the moment of impact, the water in the glass will boil.

This experience from the “obvious-incredible” series is explained simply, but at the same time it is very educational. A wet scarf is a barrier to water. At the moment of hitting the bottom of the glass, a real vacuum was formed in it and the only way for air into the glass was through a handkerchief. The air (and the vacuum sucks it in) must pass through one barrier - water, and just by passing it it forms bubbles, which create the illusion of boiling.

Experience No. 4. Magic ball

Anyone who wants to see how the magic ball is inflated should stock up on a teaspoon of baking soda, lemon, vinegar - 3 tbsp. spoons, balloon, glass, glass bottle, funnel and electrical tape.

• Pour water into the bottle, add soda, wait for it to dissolve.

• Separately mix vinegar (3 tablespoons) and squeeze lemon juice into it.

• Now use a funnel to pour all this into a bottle with water and soda.

It is important to be prepared for the reaction that will occur at the next moment, so you need to immediately put the ball on the bottle and wrap it with electrical tape so that the joint does not allow air to pass through.

And this is what will happen. All components entered into a real chemical reaction. As a result, carbon dioxide was released, which created the pressure necessary for the balloon to inflate - and it will inflate!

Experience No. 5. Unusual dances

To conduct this experiment with water at home, you will need a glass bottle, a coin, and water.

Regular glass bottle(empty and uncovered) place in the freezer. Remove it after 10 minutes and place a coin soaked in water on its neck. A few seconds will pass and the coin will begin to “dance” on the bottle, jumping and clicking on the bottle.

It turns out that the air inside the bottle cooled and compressed - it became smaller. As it warmed up, it began to expand and toss the coin, causing it to “dance” on the neck.

Experiments with water for teenage children

Experience No. 1. Atmospheric phenomena

To complete the experiment you will need: a three-liter jar, 5 ice cubes, a plate or metal baking sheet and 300 ml of boiling water.

• Pour hot water to the bottom of the bottle to a level of 3 cm. The jar must be on a hard surface.

• Then place ice on a plate or baking sheet and place it on top of the jar so that the ice cubes are concentrated above its neck.

• Steam will begin to rise from the hot water, but when it meets a cold surface, it will immediately cool and the resulting condensation will form a cloud inside the jar.

When warm air cools, it rises and clouds form. The experience imitates this natural process. Of course, children will want to know why these clouds subsequently make rain.

And here's why. The droplets on the ground heat up and rise again. There, at a height where the temperature is much lower, they, clinging to one another so as not to freeze, meet and those same clouds form. When there are so many of them that they become too heavy, they fall to the ground as rain.

Experience No. 2. Robinson Crusoe

Children often like to play shipwrecks and pirates. What if you ask them to imagine a situation: a desert island, surrounded by exotic fruits, game, in a word, there is no shortage of food, but... Water! The island is surrounded by an endless ocean of salt water, and without water a person cannot live long. But it turns out that if you have sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge, you can get fresh water from salt water.

To do this, you just need a bowl of water, a few tablespoons of table salt, a plastic glass, pebbles, and cling film.

• Instead of sea water, you need to pour water into a basin with low sides, but a large surface area, and dissolve three or four tablespoons of salt in it.

• Stir the salt until it is completely dissolved.

• You need to place a plastic cup at the bottom of the basin.

• To prevent it from floating, clean, washed pebbles should be placed in it to weigh it down. The water level should not exceed the height of the sides of the glass.

• Now you need to stretch the film over the surface of the water and secure it to the edges of the pelvis. Where the glass stands, place a weighting agent in the middle - another pebble. Leave the structure in the sun.

After two hours, flowing down the slopes of the film into the glass, fresh water will collect in it.

How to explain this experiment with water? The sun promotes the evaporation of water, but there is nowhere for it to evaporate and it condenses on the film, then flowing off the container. Where does salt go from water? But it goes nowhere, it doesn’t evaporate, it still remains in the basin, and when all the water has evaporated, the basin will remain full of dry salt, and the glass will remain full of fresh water.

Experiment No. 3. Absurd metamorphoses

For this, either an experiment or a trick, you need an old unnecessary pen refill - black or blue, a small transparent bottle of medicine and an activated carbon tablet.

Fill a small flask with water and add a drop of ink (ink) from an old unnecessary pen that you don’t mind throwing away. It is better to carry out such an experiment with gloves. After adding the dye, the solution will immediately acquire a gray or blue tint.

Then you need to separately crush the activated carbon tablet and add it to the container. Having plugged the neck with your finger (your hands must be gloved), shake the resulting “cocktail” thoroughly. It will slowly begin to lighten and take on the color of clear water.

What happened? Activated carbon is an absorbent, it absorbs all substances contained in solutions, in addition to it, and therefore it absorbed the dye and made it invisible to the human eye.

Experience No. 4. Does water always flow down?

For this amazing water experience for children you will need: flowers, preferably light colors, such as tulips or celery branches; watercolor paints of different colors, as bright as possible; transparent glass glasses; pure water.

In each glass, dilute water with paint of a different color - the brighter the better. Arrange flowers or celery branches in them, like in vases. Observe the flowers for three days - with each subsequent day they will acquire the color of the water in which they stand, gaining greater saturation and brightness.

This wonderful phenomenon is explained by the desire of flowers to “get drunk” with water and their capillary structure, due to which colored water penetrates into all plant cells and colors them in all the colors of the rainbow.

Experience No. 5. Where is the toothpick flotilla sailing?

A simple set of tools will help you carry out this unusual experiment with water at home: a container of water, for example, a small basin, the main thing is that the surface area is sufficient - at least 40 cm in diameter; toothpicks - 6-10 pieces; liquid soap or dishwashing detergent; refined sugar - 1 cube.

Fill the bowl with water up to halfway. Place the toothpicks in a circle, pointing their ends towards the center of the container so that one of their tips touches the side. Visually they should resemble sun rays. Now very slowly lower the sugar cube to the bottom in the very center of the vessel. Not even a few seconds will pass before the entire fleet, as if on command, rushes towards him. Sugar can be removed using a teaspoon.

Now you need to drip in the middle of the basin liquid soap. The toothpicks immediately head back to the shore.

The explanation for this experience is very important and useful. It turns out that sugar absorbs moisture, which is why it created a “current” in its direction and attracted the toothpicks to itself. The property of soap is such that as soon as it appears, the tension on the surface of the water decreases or disappears altogether, and therefore the toothpicks were forced to turn around and float back.

One way to keep your child occupied during the holidays is to invite him to carry out simple experiments, such as physical experiments with water. In the book “Experiments of Tom Titus. Amazing Mechanics”, as many as 50 different experiences and experiments have been collected, and children can do and understand some of them completely independently. We offer two experiments in physics that can be performed like real magic tricks - with a little practice.

How to pour water with a slide

A slide can be built from almost anything - sand, salt, sugar, and even clothes. Is it possible to make a slide out of water? At first glance, it seems that an example of such a slide is a wave. However, it moves and exists only in movement. And building a slide out of water without creating a wave is a difficult task, but quite solvable. Try the following experiment to see for yourself!

What you will need:

• glass tumbler
• a handful of coins (such as nuts, washers, or other small metal objects)
• water (preferably cold)
• vegetable oil

Experience. Take a well-washed dry glass, grease the edges a little with vegetable oil and fill it with water to capacity. Now very carefully drop one coin (nut, washer) into it.

Result. As the coins are lowered into the glass, the water will not pour out of it, but will begin to rise little by little, forming a slide. This is clearly visible if you look at the glass from the side.

As the number of coins in the glass increases, the slide will become higher and higher - the surface of the water will inflate like a balloon. However, on some coin this ball will burst, and water will flow in streams along the walls of the glass.

Explanation. In this experiment, a slide on the surface of the water is formed mainly due to the physical property of water called surface tension. Its essence is that a thin film of its particles (molecules) is formed on the surface of any liquid. This film is stronger than the liquid inside the volume. To break it, you need to apply force. It is thanks to the film that the slide is formed. However, if the water pressure under the film turns out to be very high (the slide rises too high), it will burst.

The second reason for the formation of a slide is that water does not wet the surface of the glass well (cold water is worse than hot water). What does it mean? When interacting with a solid surface, water does not stick well to it and does not spread well. That is why it does not immediately flow over the edge of the glass when a slide is formed. In addition, to reduce wetting, the edges of the glass in the experiment were lubricated with vegetable oil. If, for example, gasoline, which wets glass very well, was used instead of water, no slide would have worked.

Lord of Water

Objects floating on the surface of the water move in any direction for various reasons: they can be driven by the wind or waves, or carried away by the current. Is it possible to control floating objects? Yes, they can be adjusted by hand. Is it possible to control them without touching them? Certainly! Only for this you need to control the properties of water. You will find out how this can be done by doing the following experiment.

What you will need:

• Matchbox
• bowl of water
• bar of soap
• a piece of refined sugar

Experience. Carefully place 10-12 matches into a bowl filled with water. Arrange them in the shape of star rays, as evenly as possible.

Take a piece of soap and dip the end into the water in the center of the match star. Watch what happens with the matches. Now, instead of soap, dip the tip of a piece of refined sugar into the center of the star and see how the matches behave this time.

Result. When you immerse the end of a bar of soap in water, the matches will immediately begin to float from it to the edges of the bowl. If you replace soap with a piece of refined sugar, the matches, on the contrary, will float in the opposite direction and collect near the sugar immersed in water.

Explanation. This behavior of matches is due to the following: by immersing different substances (soap and sugar) in water, you thereby change one of the important properties of water - the force of surface tension.

Soap greatly reduces the surface tension of water. When you touch a piece of soap to the surface of a liquid, it dissolves and mixes with it. Soap molecules pass between water molecules and reduce their mutual attraction. Where you touch soap to water, surface tension is broken. And surface tension in other areas pulls the matches towards the walls, away from the soap.

Sugar has the opposite effect of soap - it increases surface tension. That is why the matches are pulled into the center of the bowl towards a piece of refined sugar immersed in water.

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Experiments with eggs

Egg with salt

The egg will sink to the bottom if you place it in a glass of plain water, but what happens if you add salt? The result is very interesting and can clearly show interesting facts about density.

You will need:

• Salt
• Tumbler.

Instructions:

1. Fill half the glass with water.

2. Add a lot of salt to the glass (about 6 tablespoons).

3. We interfere.

4. Carefully lower the egg into the water and watch what happens.

Explanation

Salt water has a higher density than regular tap water. It is the salt that brings the egg to the surface. And if you add fresh water to the existing salt water, the egg will gradually sink to the bottom.

Egg in a bottle

Did you know that a boiled whole egg can easily be placed in a bottle?

You will need:

• A bottle with a neck diameter smaller than the diameter of an egg
• Hard boiled egg
• Matches
• Some paper
• Vegetable oil.

Instructions:

1. Lubricate the neck of the bottle with vegetable oil.

2. Now set fire to the paper (you can just use a few matches) and immediately throw it into the bottle.

3. Place an egg on the neck.

When the fire goes out, the egg will be inside the bottle.

Explanation

The fire provokes heating of the air in the bottle, which comes out. After the fire goes out, the air in the bottle will begin to cool and compress. Therefore, a low pressure is created in the bottle, and the external pressure forces the egg into the bottle.

Ball experiment

This experiment shows how rubber and orange peel interact with each other.

You will need:

• Balloon
• Orange.

Instructions:

1. Inflate the balloon.

2. Peel the orange, but do not throw away the orange peel (zest).

3. Squeeze the orange zest over the ball until it pops.

Explanation.

Orange zest contains the substance limonene. It is capable of dissolving rubber, which is what happens to the ball.

Candle experiment

An interesting experiment showing ignition of a candle from a distance.

You will need:

• Regular candle
• Matches or lighter.

Instructions:

1. Light a candle.

2. After a few seconds, put it out.

3. Now bring the burning flame close to the smoke coming from the candle. The candle will start burning again.

Explanation

The smoke rising from an extinguished candle contains paraffin, which quickly ignites. The burning paraffin vapor reaches the wick, and the candle begins to burn again.

Soda with vinegar

A balloon that inflates itself is a very interesting sight.

You will need:

• Bottle
• Glass of vinegar
• 4 teaspoons soda
• Balloon.

Instructions:

1. Pour a glass of vinegar into the bottle.

2. Pour baking soda into the ball.

3. We put the ball on the neck of the bottle.

4. Slowly place the ball vertically while pouring the baking soda into the bottle with vinegar.

5. We watch the balloon inflate.

Explanation

If you add baking soda to vinegar, a process called soda slaking occurs. During this process, carbon dioxide is released, which inflates our balloon.

Invisible ink

Play secret agent with your child and create your own invisible ink.

You will need:

• Half a lemon
• Spoon
• A bowl
• Cotton swab
• White paper
• Lamp.

Instructions:

1. Squeeze some lemon juice into a bowl and add the same amount of water.

2. Dip a cotton swab into the mixture and write something on white paper.

3. Wait until the juice dries and becomes completely invisible.

4. When you are ready to read the secret message or show it to someone else, heat the paper by holding it close to a light bulb or fire.

Explanation

Lemon juice is an organic substance that oxidizes and turns brown when heated. Diluted lemon juice in water makes it hard to see on paper, and no one will know there is lemon juice until it warms up.

Other substances which work on the same principle:

• Orange juice
• Milk
• Onion juice
• Vinegar
• Wine.

How to make lava

You will need:

• Sunflower oil
• Juice or food coloring
• Transparent vessel (can be a glass)
• Any effervescent tablets.

Instructions:

1. First, pour the juice into a glass so that it fills approximately 70% of the container’s volume.

2. Fill the rest of the glass with sunflower oil.

3. Now wait until the juice separates from the sunflower oil.

4. We throw a tablet into a glass and observe an effect similar to lava. When the tablet dissolves, you can throw another one.

Explanation

Oil separates from water because it has a lower density. Dissolving in the juice, the tablet releases carbon dioxide, which captures parts of the juice and lifts it to the top. The gas leaves the glass completely when it reaches the top, causing the juice particles to fall back down.

The tablet fizzes due to the fact that it contains citric acid and soda (sodium bicarbonate). Both of these ingredients react with water to form sodium citrate and carbon dioxide gas.

Ice experiment

At first glance, you might think that the ice cube on top will eventually melt, which should cause the water to spill, but is this really so?

You will need:

• Cup
• Ice cubes.

Instructions:

1. Fill the glass with warm water to the very top.

2. Carefully lower the ice cubes.

3. Watch the water level carefully.

As the ice melts, the water level does not change at all.

Explanation

When water freezes to ice, it expands, increasing its volume (which is why even heating pipes can burst in winter). The water from melted ice takes up less space than the ice itself. Therefore, when the ice cube melts, the water level remains approximately the same.

How to make a parachute

find out about air resistance, making a small parachute.

You will need:

• Plastic bag or other lightweight material
• Scissors
• A small load (possibly some kind of figurine).

Instructions:

1. Cut a large square from a plastic bag.

2. Now we cut the edges so that we get an octagon (eight identical sides).

3. Now we tie 8 pieces of thread to each corner.

4. Don't forget to make a small hole in the middle of the parachute.

5. Tie the other ends of the threads to a small weight.

6. We use a chair or find a high point to launch the parachute and check how it flies. Remember that the parachute should fly as slowly as possible.

Explanation

When the parachute is released, the weight pulls it down, but with the help of the lines, the parachute takes up a large area that resists the air, causing the weight to slowly descend. The larger the surface area of ​​the parachute, the more that surface resists falling, and the slower the parachute will descend.

A small hole in the middle of the parachute allows air to flow through it slowly, rather than having the parachute tumble to one side.

How to make a tornado

Find out, how to make a tornado in a bottle with this fun science experiment for kids. The items used in the experiment are easy to find in everyday life. Made home mini tornado much safer than the tornadoes shown on television in the American steppes.

Starting from about 4-5 years old, young children actively ask questions regarding the structure of our planet, living and inanimate nature, and even at 7 years old this thirst for knowledge does not recede. It is vital for a growing child to explore the world around him and experience all the possibilities of this environment.

Water is the most abundant substance on Earth. Experiments with water for children aged four, five, six or seven will mark the beginning of a fascinating acquaintance with elementary “everyday” physics.

During the experiments, children will receive all the necessary knowledge about the physical properties and laws of the world around them.

The main thing that is required is the interest of the child (and the parent), as well as a good mood.

Why water?

Experiments with water, better than other manipulations, will form a child’s basic understanding of living and inanimate nature. There are clear advantages:

1. Conducting experiments does not take much effort and does not require complex skills.
2. No special expensive equipment is needed. For experiments, improvised means are suitable.
3. All experiments are visual and easy for a child to understand.
4. Manipulating water, observing its “transformation” and obtaining the finished result will captivate the child, amuse him and pleasantly surprise him.
5. In all experiments, only water and non-toxic substances and materials are used. Thus, the experiment is completely safe.

Explain safety rules to children under 7 years of age.

Advice to parents: before conducting any experiments with water, it is advisable to tell your child about the physical properties of this liquid. Explain the three states of matter – solid, liquid and gas.

Experiments for children 4-5 years old

The fifth year of a child’s life is suitable to begin learning about physics.

At this age, children have great interest, but it disappears quite quickly, and the child’s perseverance evaporates with every second. The experiments below are adapted specifically for children 4-5 years old.

Shape of water

“Does water have shape?” - ask your child this question before moving on to the experiment. It is unlikely that a 4-year-old child will be able to give an answer. To find out the truth, invite the little experimenter to take a glass of water and pour the liquid one by one into various vessels: a cup, a bottle, a rubber glove. Soft vessels (like a glove or a plastic bag) can be tied in a knot and deformed in every possible way. As the shape of the bag changes, the “shape” of the water will also change.

Thus, the child will clearly become familiar with one of the most important properties of water (and all liquids in general) - to take the shape of the vessel into which it is poured.

Temperature contrast

“Is it possible to determine the temperature of water by touch?”

For the experiment, you will need three bowls (children's hands should fit comfortably in them).

1. Pour hot water into the first bowl (watch the temperature: it should be comfortable for the child). In the second bowl - water at room temperature. The third one is cold.
2. Next, have your child put one hand in a bowl of hot water and the other in a bowl of cold water. After a minute has passed, let your baby place both hands at the same time in a container of water at room temperature.
3. Ask the “experimental” about his feelings and ask the same question: “Warm water or cool?”
4. Hands in one bowl will feel different temperatures, which will mislead the child. At the age of 5, the young scientist will be able to independently evaluate his feelings, so the experience will be understandable to every child.

Lotus flowers

Cut out lotus flowers with long petals from paper. Using a pencil or scissors, curl the petals straight toward the center.

Pour water into a wide basin, then lower the flowers onto its surface. The “Lotus” will bloom right before your eyes, which will certainly surprise the child. This can be explained by the fact that when the paper gets wet, it becomes heavier, and the heavy leaves themselves pull down.

Advice to parents: don’t do everything yourself – involve your children in the creative process!

Let them cut out the flowers themselves and release them onto the surface of the water. Involve your child as much as possible in the course of each experience - only then will what is happening interest and captivate the baby.

The ice is melting

Children at 5 years old perceive most information visually, so bring more vividness to the experience. Before freezing, pour colored water into the mold (just dissolve a little gouache or watercolor in it). Place four different colored ice cubes in different conditions:

• 1 – in the shade;
• 2 – in the sun;
• 3 – sprinkle with salt;
• 4 – put in a bag and wrap in a towel.

As time passes (half an hour to an hour), observe with your child where the ice melted faster.

A similar experiment can be offered to six-year-old children, in which case a “scientific conversation” would be appropriate. Ask your child’s opinion: why ice melts faster in some conditions and remains almost intact in others. Tell us about amazing property salt to dissolve the ice. Explain to the little scientist what processes happened with ice in the sun, in the shade and in a towel.

Experiments for children 6 years old

For 6-year-old children, the previous experiments may seem simple, although they can also be carried out for general development. A child at this age is characterized by a love for more interesting and complex things that require more participation and time.

Plant color

This water experiment is designed to demonstrate the natural process of plant nutrition.

To do this, take two or three half-liter jars (or glasses) and fill them with water. Together with your child, dissolve a packet of food coloring in the liquid - the water will become bright and rich. Carefully place white fresh cabbage leaves into each jar.

After a while, the leaves will take on the color of the solution in which they were located. This experiment is a clear example of how a plant obtains moisture (and minerals dissolved in it) from the soil under natural conditions.

Using this example, explain to the children that the most important property of water in nature is to give life to all living organisms.

Cloud in a jar

“Is it possible to create your own cloud?”

Certainly! To do this, fill a three-liter jar so that the liquid level in it is 3-4 cm. Instead of a lid, cover the jar with a saucer (it should fit tightly to the neck). Place a few pieces of ice on a saucer (the more, the better).

After some time, a cloud forms in the jar!

The process is not difficult to explain. Hot water evaporates, warm steam rises and accumulates near the saucer - a small cloud is obtained. In contact with a cold surface, steam forms condensation on the walls. Soon the number of water droplets on the walls of the container will increase. Under their own weight, they will begin to roll down - it will turn out to be impromptu rain.

This experiment will be an opportunity for children to create their own rain cloud, as well as learn about the nature of cloud formation.

Tip for parents: When you get the result, ask your child a few questions. Ask why and how these processes occur. If the young scientist does not answer, explain to him what’s what. Comment on any result, and then the training will bear fruit.

Freezing

Another experiment demonstrating the interesting effect of the interaction between water and salt.

1. Pour water into two glasses. In the first, let the liquid be clean, boiled and without impurities. Add salt to the second glass of water, stir it well until completely dissolved.
2. Next, place the glasses in the freezer for three hours.
3. After the time has passed, invite your child to take out and compare the samples. Clean water will freeze, but salted water will not. Discuss the results.

Children as young as 7 will also enjoy such experiences.

Experiments for children 7 years old

Experiments for children aged 7 years are no different from the previous ones, but they explain those laws of physics that children of 5 or 6 years old cannot understand. Perhaps, at seven years old, your child will already be able to independently draw some conclusions from experiments. In this case, the young expert should be praised!

Optics

During the next experiment, water will become a kind of magnifying glass!

Take a three-liter jar, fill about half with water. Dip an object with a clearly fixed shape into the liquid (it is best to take an egg). Place the same item next to the jar. Let the child compare.

Of course, the little experimenter will immediately ask the question: “Why is the egg in the jar larger than the one on the table?”

Advice to parents: at this stage, tell your child about the ability of water to refract rays - remember your school physics course!

Demonstrate the same property from the other side, for example, put a pencil in a glass of water. It will no longer be a straight line - direct evidence of refraction.

Density of water

The demonstration can be carried out using equipment from a previous experiment. You need a jar of water, an egg and table salt.

Pour in a little more water - about two-thirds of the container. Place the egg there, it will sink to the bottom of the jar. Next, ask your child to add a few tablespoons of salt to the water. As salt is added to the liquid, the egg will begin to float to the top.

This is where parents should tell their child about what the density of water is and how it can change. For children 7 years old this information will be very interesting.

Already at 5-7 years old, children feel a thirst for knowledge. It is important for them to know how natural processes occur.

A 7-year-old child (like younger children) is attracted to all the manipulations that can be done with water.

All of the above experiments for children will help your child understand the world around him and have a fascinating acquaintance with the properties of the most common liquid on Earth.