Newborn care courses. What do modern dolls teach: to care for babies or to be a super fashionable beauty? Residential hygiene

When a newborn appears in the house, he brings a lot of happiness. But along with joy come worries and worries. Parents should make every effort so that the baby grows up healthy, vigorous and full of strength. It is possible to ensure the normal development of the baby only with the organization of proper care for him. It is from this that his state of health will depend in the future. The most difficult for the baby will be the first weeks of his life. During this period, he adapts to new conditions of existence for him. Therefore, parents need to ensure the hygiene of the child, the cleanliness of care items and linen, the diet and ventilation of the room.

Creating conditions for the newborn

Before the woman returns from the hospital, it is worth carefully cleaning the house and the room where the baby will live. Vacuum upholstered furniture well, clean carpets, wash curtains, blankets, rugs. From now on, cleanliness should become an integral part of life for parents.

The child during this period is very exposed to microbes. Maintaining cleanliness will prevent the occurrence of diseases in the child.

In the early stages of life, try to minimize your child's contact with other people. Be sure to ask your guests to wash their hands before entering the nursery.

To equip a nursery, you will need a crib, a changing table, a locker or a shelf for children's things and care items. In the room, it is necessary to wash the floors every day, wipe the dust with a damp cloth, but you can’t sweep it up.

Be sure to ventilate the baby's room.

In cold weather, it is recommended to air twice a day for 15 minutes. In the summer, put a net on the window, this will prevent mosquitoes and flies from entering the room. Try to avoid having a lot of furniture in the children's room. This will make it more spacious, lighter and prevent the accumulation of dust.

Necessary items for baby care

Each mother should have a list of necessary items, namely:

• cotton wool;
• baby soap, cream and powder;
• sterile bandage;
• potassium permanganate solution;
• oil for lubricating skin folds;
• a teaspoon, a glass, a rubber heating pad and a pear;
• scallop;
• scissors;
• thermometer for measuring body temperature, water.

These items must be kept clean and kept in a separate place at all times.

Bathing a child

It is necessary to start bathing after the baby's umbilical cord falls off and the wound heals in this place. Bathing should be carried out in boiled water, but subsequently there is no need to boil water. The water temperature should be around 37°C. While bathing the baby, the mother needs help. So, the baby is first washed away, after which it is completely lowered into the bath. His head should be on the bent elbow of his mother, and her hand should be under his back. At this time, part of the child's body is above the water, the mother waters it with her hand. Next, the hair is washed from the forehead to the back of the head. This prevents soapy water from getting into your eyes.

Use soap when bathing should be no more than three times a week.

After bathing, the baby is lifted upside down and placed on a clean sheet, quickly drying his body. If the child has diaper rash, then it is necessary to lubricate the skin folds with special oil. Having dressed the child, he is fed and put to bed. It is best to swim at 20.00-21.00 hours.

Walking with a newborn

In addition to airing the room, a newborn baby needs daily walks in the fresh air. This tempers his immunity, contributes to the child's good appetite and sound sleep. At the same time, fresh air can protect the baby from the development of a disease such as rickets. Walking should start at two weeks of age. Starting from 15 minutes a day and gradually increasing the duration of the walk up to 2-3 hours.

Laundry

All clothing, including diapers, should be kept clean. Mom needs to wash clothes as they get dirty. Dirty laundry can irritate your baby's skin.

Scald or boil clothes after washing. Unboiled laundry must be ironed to destroy the microbes present on it.

Proper sleep pattern

A child needs sleep just as much as food. For a newborn, night sleep is not enough, he also needs daytime sleep. Parents should not worry about the fact that the baby is constantly sleeping. The smaller the child, the greater the need for sleep. A newborn sleeps almost the whole day with breaks for feeding.

At the age of 2 months. the baby sleeps for several hours before feeding. From 3 to 10 months - 3 times a day, from 10 months. up to 1.5 l. - 2 times a day.

Parents need to create a certain sleep pattern in which the baby will sleep at a certain time.

If the child is regularly in the fresh air and eats properly, his sleep comes quickly and he sleeps peacefully.

Newborn baby care

Caring for a boy should be done in accordance with general recommendations. Almost 90% of boys are born with physiological jaundice. Parents should not worry, because it passes on its own in a few weeks.

Boys have armpit hair at birth, which falls out after a short period of time. When bathing, they must be gently rolled up with soap in a circular motion, but do not pull out.

The scrotum in the first months of the boy's life is slightly enlarged and has swelling. Doctors recommend that parents apply a warm diaper without additional treatment.

For boys, the presence of uric acid infarction is also characteristic. It appears as red spots on the diaper. If you notice them, give your child a couple of spoons of boiled water, the urine will dilute and become less concentrated.

Caring for a newborn girl

Caring for a girl requires a more careful approach due to the physiological characteristics of the body. This is especially true for swimming. After washing the girl, it is worth blotting her outer labia with a napkin and lubricating them with baby cream. Parents should not worry about the presence of a light gray coating on the labia. It is an original lubricant that absorbs into the skin over time. If you notice that there is a lot of plaque, gently remove it using a swab dipped in warm water to prevent the growth of germs.

Swelling of the area of ​​​​the mammary glands is not a deviation in the development of the child. This usually goes away within a few days. Mom needs to monitor hygiene in this area and not squeeze or knead the swelling. Such rash actions can lead to inflammation and suppuration. If the swelling does not go away for a long time, parents should consult a doctor.

In order to properly care for a baby who has recently been born, a young mother must have certain skills and a stock of knowledge. When caring at home, you must adhere to the basic rules for caring for newborns.

Basic infant care

All baby care procedures can be conditionally classified into daily and weekly, which can be performed more often so that the baby does not feel discomfort.

Daily routines

Hygiene care procedures that are performed every day are carried out in the following sequence:

Washing. The child's face is wiped with boiled warm water using cotton pads or simply by hand, while the ears are rubbed.

Rubbing eyes. If there are no problems with excessive and frequent contamination of the eyes, you can use ordinary boiled water, but if the eyes become contaminated more often and more abundantly, you should use a solution of furacelin (sold in a pharmacy, ratio 1:5000). Cotton swabs are moistened with water or a solution and they wipe the eyes, drawing from the outer corner of the eye to the inner. Each eye is wiped with a new swab. Traditional medicine suggests wiping your eyes with strong tea leaves. If you decide to use tea leaves, be careful not to get tea leaves on the swab, which, if in contact with the eye, will cause severe eye irritation.

To prevent diaper rash, skin folds are lubricated with any boiled vegetable or vaseline oil.

Treatment with medical preparations of the umbilical wound.

Washing. Be sure to wash the baby with running water after each act of defecation and preferably after each urination. If you wash a child with water collected in a basin or bath, there is a high probability of infection in the genitourinary system.

When washing a child, you must adhere to the following rules:

a) check the temperature of the water with your hand so that it is not too hot or cold (the optimum temperature is about 380 C);

b) wash the child with a hand that is located under running water;

c) it is necessary to wash girls from front to back, so as not to bring bacteria from the anus into the genital tract.

Having finished the washing process, it is necessary to dry the baby's skin with a clean towel or diaper and apply baby cream or boiled vegetable oil to the skin folds.

Such daily procedures, in addition to washing, must be carried out in the morning.

Weekly treatments

Trimming nails. Nails must be cut regularly, otherwise the baby may scratch himself. For this purpose, scissors with rounded ends are used.

Cleansing of the ears is carried out using dry cotton flagella with light rotational movements.

The nose is also cleaned with cotton flagella, the tip of which is moistened with vegetable or vaseline sterile oils. The flagellum is inserted into the nasal passage to a depth of 0.5 - 1 cm and with light rotational movements, cleansing is carried out in the direction from the inside to the outside. An individual flagellum is used for each nostril. It is not advisable to wind cotton wool around a match or use cotton buds, otherwise you can injure the mucous membrane. Very often and for a long time, this procedure is also not recommended.

Rice. 22.Nipple hole options for different types of artificial feeding

Rice. 23.Feeding "in the hem"

the posture prevents dysmotility of the gastrointestinal tract, excludes the possibility of curvature of the spine in a child, in addition, it is convenient for a nursing mother.

For better assimilation of food, it is necessary to observe the established feeding hours. If the general condition is not disturbed and the appetite is preserved, then the diet of patients can be the same as healthy children of the same age (children under 2 months are fed 6-7 times, up to 5 months - 6 times, from 5 months to 1-1, 5 years - 5 times). In a serious condition of the child, poor appetite, they are fed more often (after 2-3 hours) and in portions of a smaller volume.

Sick children are sometimes very difficult to feed, not only because they have a poor appetite, but also because of the habits acquired at home. Great patience is required, since even a short-term refusal to eat weak and malnourished children can adversely affect the course of the disease. In hospitals, all mixtures for children of the first year of life are received in the catering unit. Dry mixes in the buffet are turned into ready-to-eat immediately before feeding the baby. The type of mixture, its volume and frequency of feeding for each child is determined by the doctor.

The younger the child, the more he needs the most adapted mixtures. The mixtures recommended for feeding children during the first six months of life include Nutrilak 0-6 (Nutritek, Russia), Nutrilon-1 (Nutricia, Holland), Semper Bebi-1 (Semper, Sweden). ), Pre-Hipp and HiPP-1 (KhiPP, Austria), Humana-1 (Humana, Germany), Enfamil-1 (Mead Johnson, USA), NAS-1 "("Nestte", Switzerland), "Gallia-1" ("Danone", France), "Frisolak-1" ("Friesland Nutrition", Holland), etc.

“Following” mixtures recommended for feeding children in the second half of life: Nutrilak 6-12 (Nutritek, Russia), Nutrilon 2 (Nutricia, Holland), Semper Bebi-2 (Semper, Sweden), HiPP-2 (KhiPP, Austria), Humana-2, Humana Folgemilch-2 (Humana, Germany), Enfamil-2 (Mead Johnson, USA), NAN-2 (Nestte, Switzerland), Gallia-2 (Danone, France), Frisolak-2 (Friesland Nutrition, Holland), etc.

For children of the first year of life, in addition to sweet adapted mixtures, adapted sour-milk mixtures have been created: liquid sour-milk mixture "Agusha-1" (Russia) for children aged 2-4 weeks of life to 5-6 months; "Baby" (Russia); "NAN fermented milk" ("Nestb", Switzerland) with bifidobacteria, "Gallia lactofidus" and "Lactofidus" ("Danon", France). Partially adapted acidic

There are also children's therapeutic mixtures that are prescribed for newborns with low birth weight ("Alprem", "Humana-0"), with lactose intolerance (A1-110, "NutriSoya"), with polyvalent allergy to cow's milk proteins, soy , severe diarrhea ("Alfare", "Prosobi", "Portagen", "SimilakIzomil").

With artificial feeding, the volume of sucked milk mixture is determined according to the graduated scale of the bottle. The amount of milk sucked from the mother's breast or formula from a bottle is noted after each feeding in the individual nursing sheet filled out for each child. infancy.

Already in the first year of life, starting from the 4-5th month, the child is gradually accustomed to new types of food (complementary foods). When introducing complementary foods, certain rules must be observed. Complementary foods are given before breastfeeding or mixtures, and from a spoon. Complementary foods include cereals, vegetable purees, meat hashes (minced meat, meatballs), yolk, broth, cottage cheese, etc. Since the child begins to sit from 6 months, he should be fed at a special table or by sitting on the lap of an adult. When feeding a baby, an oilcloth apron or just a diaper is tied to the chest.

The timing of the introduction of complementary foods into the diet of breastfed children is regulated by the Institute of Nutrition

RAMS (Table 12).

Table 12The timing of the introduction of complementary foods with natural feeding

research institutes for children

In the first year of life, especially in infant wards, sterile utensils should be used for feeding.

Feeding premature babies - extremely difficult and responsible task. Premature babies who do not have a swallowing reflex or stop breathing during feeding are fed through a tube (Fig. 24). Feeding with a disposable tube is carried out when it is inserted into the baby's stomach for only one feeding, and permanently if the tube is left in the stomach for 2-3 days. A permanent probe, unlike a disposable one, is smaller in diameter, so it can be inserted through the nasal passages, although the introduction of a probe through the mouth is considered more physiological, since external respiration is not disturbed.

Sterilization rules for teats and bottles. Dirty nipples are thoroughly washed first with running water, and then with warm water and soda (0.5 teaspoon of baking soda per glass of water), while they are turned inside out. Then the nipples are boiled for 10-15 minutes. Teats are sterilized once a day, usually at night. Conducts her ward nurse. Clean rubber nipples are kept dry in a closed (glass or enamel) container labeled "Clean nipples". Clean nipples are removed with sterile tweezers, and then put on the bottle with cleanly washed hands. Used nipples are collected in dishes labeled "Dirty nipples".

Bottles are sterilized in the pantry. First, the bottles are degreased in hot water with mustard (50 g of dry mustard per 10 liters of water), then washed with a ruff, washed with running water

Rice. 24.Feeding a premature baby through a tube

outside and inside (use a device in the form of fountains for rinsing bottles) and rinse. Clean bottles are placed neck down in metal nets, and when the remaining water drains, the bottles in the nets are placed in a dry-heat cabinet for 50-60 minutes (temperature in the cabinet is 120-150 ° C).

Bottles can be sterilized by boiling. To do this, they are placed in a special dish (tank, pan), poured with warm water and boiled for 10 minutes.

Store sterile bottles with necks closed with sterile cotton-gauze swabs in separate cabinets.

Stool observation and registration. In newborns, the original feces (meconium), which is a thick, viscous mass of dark color, departs by the end of the first day of life. On the 2-3rd day, the so-called transitional stool appears, which has a mushy consistency, darkish color, and then a normal yellow stool with a sour smell is established. The frequency of stool in newborns is 2-6 times a day, by the year - 2-4 times a day.

The nature and frequency of stools depend on the type of feeding. When breastfeeding, the stool is 3-4 times a day, yellow, mushy, with a sour smell. With artificial scar-

stools are observed less frequently in chilning - 1-2 times a day, more dense, shaped, light green, sometimes grayish-clay, reminiscent of putty in consistency, with a pungent odor.

Loose stools can be with digestive disorders; the color of the feces changes, pathological impurities appear in the form of mucus, greenery, blood, etc.

The nurse should be able to determine the nature of the stool, since its appearance can reveal the initial signs of the disease. Pathological changes in the stool should be reported to the doctor and the stool should be shown. In the nursing list, it is necessary to note how many times there was a chair, and its character is a special symbol: mushy (normal); liquefied; with an admixture of mucus; with an admixture of greenery; blood in the stool; decorated chair.

Prevention of skeletal deformities. Skeletal deformities occur if the child lies in a crib in one position for a long time, with tight swaddling, with a soft bed, high pillow, with an incorrect position of the child in his arms.

In order to prevent deformations of the skeleton, a thick mattress stuffed with cotton wool or horse hair is placed on the crib. For children in the first months of life, it is better to put a pillow under the mattress: this prevents excessive bending of the head, and also prevents regurgitation.

The child in the crib must be laid in different positions, periodically picked up.

When swaddling, it is necessary to ensure that diapers and undershirts freely fit the chest. Tight swaddling and tightening of the chest can lead to deformation of the latter and respiratory failure.

Given the weakness of the musculoskeletal apparatus, children under 5 months of age should not be placed. If the child is picked up, then the buttocks should be supported with the forearm of the left hand, and the head and back should be supported with the other hand.

Transportation of infants. Transportation of infants does not present serious difficulties. Children are usually carried on their hands (Fig. 25, a). It is necessary to use the most physiological and comfortable position. Such a position can be created by using only one hand to carry the child, and leaving the other hand free to perform various manipulations (Fig. 25, b, c).

Rice. 25.Ways to carry an infant. Explanation in the text

Rules for using the couveuse. For nursing weakened newborns, premature babies and children with low body weight, incubators are used. Kuvez is a special medical incubator in which humidity and the required concentration of oxygen in the air are maintained. Special devices make it possible to organize the necessary care for the child, to carry out various manipulations up to weighing, without removing the child from the incubator (Fig. 26). The upper part of the incubator is transparent, made of organic glass or plastic, which allows you to monitor the condition and behavior of the child. A thermometer and a hygrometer are fixed on the front wall of the hood, according to the readings of which one can judge the temperature and humidity of the air inside the cavern.

The incubator must be well ventilated and disinfected before use. According to the operating instructions, it is recommended to disinfect the incubator with formalin. To do this, put a piece of cotton wool moistened with a 40% formalin solution under the hood and turn on the flask for 6-8 hours, after which the cotton wool is removed and the incubator is left on with the hood closed for another 5-6 hours. In addition, the inner walls of the hood, a bed for the child and the lining mattress are thoroughly wiped with a 0.5% solution of chloramine.

The incubator is turned on in the following sequence: first, the water evaporation system is filled with water, then it is connected to the mains, then the required microclimate is selected by smooth rotation of the temperature and humidity controller.

Rice. 26.Closed couveuse

The child in the jug is naked. A constant temperature of 34-37 °C and relative air humidity of 85-95% are maintained. Oxygen mixed with atmospheric air is supplied to the flask, and the oxygen concentration does not exceed 30%. A special alarm system notifies with a sound signal about violation of parameters.

The terms of stay in the incubator are determined general condition child. If the newborn is in it for more than 3-4 days, then the microbial contamination increases significantly. According to existing rules, in this case, the child should be transferred to another incubator, washed and ventilated.

Nursing premature babies in an incubator for 3-4 weeks greatly increases the effectiveness of therapeutic measures and nursing, reduces the risk of various complications.

Rice. 27.Rehabilitation bed for newborns with neurological pathology

Rehabilitation bed for newborns and infants. For premature newborns and infants with neurological pathology, special bath beds (of the Saturn-90 type) are used, which provide comfort for a sick child by creating the effect of buoyancy and simulating conditions close to intrauterine. The lowest possible contact pressure on the child's body prevents microcirculatory and trophic disorders. The device is a stainless steel bath with a porous bottom filled with glass microballoons. Under the bathtub on the frame there is a supercharger, a unit for stabilizing the temperature of the forced air, a control and automatic control system. The filter sheet separates the body of a child floating in a "dry liquid" from glass microballoons (Fig. 27).

CONTROL QUESTIONS

1.Who are not allowed to care for infants?

2. What is the care of the skin and mucous membranes in a newborn and infant?

3.How is a hygienic bath performed?

4. What is included in the set of clothes for children in the first months of life and the second half of the year?

5. Name the rules for breastfeeding a child.

Breastfeeding is a very important part of motherhood, but not all motherhood. The concept of "motherhood" is broader and includes all possible ways of caring for a child, games, communication, etc. When seeking professional support in the desire to breastfeed, mothers are waiting for help on other issues of interaction with the child.

How to take a baby in your arms, how to wear it, swaddle it or not, how to bathe it, how to calm it down, how to put it to sleep, how to care for its delicate skin, when to start playing and what toys to buy ... These are all questions that a mother can ask a lactation consultant for consultations and they are all dealt with in detail in our classes in this course.

A conscious approach to parenthood is not only a fashion trend these days. It is a natural need to care for a child and to understand why and how different ways of caring for an infant affect his development and our relationship with him in the future.

The course program includes 6 lectures:

Pregnancy and childbirth behind. And now the young mother was alone with the baby.

It's great to have an experienced person around to help and advise.

What if mom is alone? And there are hundreds of questions in my head:

"How to hold it?"

"And how to wash?"

"Do I need to swaddle? And what if he always "turns out"?

"Which diaper is best?"

“Or maybe without a diaper at all?”

“Swim or maybe learn to swim?”

And in order to find answers to these questions, mom goes to the Internet, to mom's chats and groups.

In order to help a mother cope with a huge amount of information, learn to trust her own intuition, our consultants come to the rescue.

You can discuss with them:

• How to set up mode so that mom has time to rest.

• Sleep with baby– convenient, safe organization.
• Rocking the baby.
• swaddling- when you need, how to swaddle.
• Baby clothes.
• Usage sling for a child of the first month of life. Comfort for mom, peace of mind for baby.
• planting. How, when, why? Diapers– when and why?
• When put the baby to lie down- where, where it is safe, changing places for postponing with the age of the child.
• bathing baby- for pleasure, for hygiene, adaptive bathing for the first weeks of life - a memory of a past cozy and comfortable life. Timing, preparation. Bathing options in a large tub. After bathing. Learning to "swim" - when is it better.
• hardening. Natural hardening as a way of life for a baby.
• walks with a baby in a sling, stroller. How to organize conveniently what the baby needs on a walk. When and how, depending on the season. Who needs walks and can you do without them?
• Life with a baby. Organization methods. How to do a lot? Is it possible to do "everything"?

In our Center we offer a separate different types slings and holders for the baby.

You can get advice on child care at our Center or call a consultant at home.

Surprisingly, often even at a very young age, girls differ from boys in their interests and passions for a particular game. Boys prefer cars, and girls already at the age of one cling to all sorts of rags and Stuffed Toys.

Not all moms take the game seriously. Some consider it a kind of weakness that is inherent childhood. But in fact, while playing, the child tries on those social roles that he will have to play in the future.

How the girl sees herself, how she imagines her future, largely depends on the behavior of her mother. But toys also push and direct it in any direction. For example, if a girl has baby dolls, she learns to take care of babies. A little mother swaddles them, feeds them, reads books, in general, does everything that her mother or grandmother does for her. Previously, girls learned how to care for babies by helping their mother to babysit the younger children in the family. But now, unfortunately, everything ends with caring for the baby doll.

But in the case when the girl has only Barbie dolls instead of dolls that can be swaddled, her thoughts and games go in a completely different way. She begins to look at her mother as an adult woman, and not as a mother. My daughter notices many details: cosmetics, relationships with men, attention to clothes.

She transfers all this to her doll. True, Barbie takes care of the little ones in some play sets too. But she doesn’t look like a mother at all, there are no maternal traits in this doll.

The parents of the baby face a difficult choice: to teach the child how to care for babies and abandon Barbie contrary to fashion, or buy the most fashionable beauties and not think about raising the girl as a future mother.

Not all children have brothers or sisters, let alone younger ones. Therefore, not all girls can see their mother as a mother. In this case, the girl sees manifestations maternal love directed only at itself. Unfortunately, there are also a lot of incomplete families now. In this case, the mother may experience difficulties in raising her daughter. How to teach her to take care of family members, how to prepare for a future married life? In a family of two, situations where a mother can show how to show love and care for someone else are extremely rare. Therefore, role-playing games in which a girl becomes a mother for her doll, learns to take care of babies, shows care, plays seriously, can be a great workout for her.

Several series of interesting ones are being released now, which will make the game "Daughters-mothers" popular among girls even more interesting and exciting. What do similar games for girls include?

Toddlers (little children really like to take care of babies) require attention, care and affection. The child will be happy to take on these responsibilities, especially if the doll is "well, just like a living one!" Girl dreams can come true with "Baby Burn", smart Anabel or with any other modern doll. There are no less accessories for them than for children. There are diapers and cereals, horns and nipples, strollers and kangaroo backpacks. Not to mention furniture and care items. The toy section has clothes for dolls of different sizes and even shoes. Maintaining interest in such a game can be quite simple: new accessories are always interesting to use in practice.

If the girl does not buy Barbie, then she will not play it. And the problems of this beauty with her boyfriend Ken will remain outside the sphere of interests of the baby.

Finally, what you have been waiting for 9 months has finally happened - a baby was born in your family. He is so tiny and fragile that it is scary to pick him up. It's scary to swaddle, and even more so to bathe. It seems to weigh almost nothing. To help the baby quickly adapt to a new life, become strong and strong, proper care for a newborn baby will help.

The first day, when the baby was taken from the hospital, is always a test for new parents. The little man at this time is especially vulnerable, he needs help and love. Mom and dad during this period require special care and attention to a helpless child. Organizing proper care for the baby and observing it is the main task of adults.

The importance of proper care in the early days is due to the weak immunity of the baby. From an almost sterile environment, the baby enters a world with many germs and infections. The baby is just forming the process of thermoregulation. The slightest breeze or overheating can make a child sick.

The baby has an open umbilical wound, which requires careful treatment. The navel is one of the main risk factors in the first days of life: with spontaneous movements of the arms, the baby can scratch and infect. The first days, until the baby's daily routine is established, mommy needs to spend as much time as possible with her baby.

Premature babies born underweight have a very weak immune system. Adults should carefully monitor all changes in the behavior of infants, and in case of illness, immediately call a doctor and not self-medicate.

Caring for a newborn child should be based on the desire to help the baby adapt to the outside world, create comfortable living conditions, and help get used to a new life. Start creating coziness by adjusting the lighting in the children's room. Bright lights, loud sounds - all this scares the baby, and are stress factors.

Another significant stress factor is the loss of a sense of security, the lack of clear boundaries. During uterine development, the baby all the time felt a dense, benevolent environment around him. Swaddling helps to cope with the feeling of such fear. It is important for a baby to feel touch with his whole body. Of course, mommy can try to carry the baby around the clock in her arms.

So, your baby is at home. You dimmed the light in his room and the baby fell asleep. While the child is sleeping, do not whisper, speak in a normal voice. The main thing is to avoid screams, scandals so that the baby is not scared. While your baby is sleeping, prepare to wake him up.

Basic principles

When organizing the care of newborn children, it is necessary to follow certain principles that will make life easier for the baby and adults:

• Cleanliness of the baby's body and surrounding things.
• Daily hygiene procedures.
• Daily wet cleaning of the children's room or the room in which the baby is located.
• During walks, be sure to ventilate the children's room.
• Daily change of bed linen and baby clothes: undershirts, bonnets. Wash all children's things with a special baby powder or baby soap. Rinse thoroughly, iron with a hot iron on both sides.
• In the room, the baby should not have things that accumulate dust, such as carpets or soft toys. If there are animals in the house, then for the first months it is necessary to isolate the crumbs from their close presence so as not to cause an allergic reaction.

The first days after discharge from the maternity hospital, you should not gather guests in your home. The baby is too weak and can easily catch an infection from lovers to hold him in his arms.

Care accessories

Even before discharge from the hospital, it is necessary to prepare for the meeting of a new family member. Purchase:

• Crib. The cots are very comfortable, in which you can lower the side, then it can also be used as a changing table.
• Changing table or agree in advance where you will swaddle the baby.
• Children's first aid kit. What should be included in the first aid kit, check with your doctor. The main requirement is compliance with the expiration date. Place the first-aid kit in a conspicuous place so that you do not have to look for it for a long time.
• Hygienic care products: cotton pads, wet wipes, ear sticks, etc.
• Soothers and a few bottles. Even if the baby is breastfed, drinking baby water should always be at hand.
• Disposable, reusable and waterproof diapers.
• Disposable and reusable diapers. Diapers can be used with baby swaddling.
• Baby bath and insert - bath for bathing.
• Rattles.
• Scissors with rounded tips.
• Children's cosmetics. For children's cosmetics, be sure to consult a pediatrician. Abuse of creams, oils can cause allergies.

The list will expand as the baby grows. How exactly to care for a newborn baby, what additional accessories will be needed, a pediatrician can tell.

In modern pediatrics, many works are devoted to the process of caring for babies, where the importance and significance of proper care for babies from the first days of their life is proved from a scientific point of view.

Daily routines

1. Umbilical wound care.

The navel heals in an average of 2 weeks. All morning hygiene procedures must begin with the treatment of the umbilical wound. In no case do not use cotton pads or cotton buds so that fibers do not get into the wound. The procedure itself goes as follows:

• Lay a disposable diaper on the changing table, put another chintz or flannel diaper on top, depending on the weather.
• Undress the baby and place the back on the surface.
• From a round-ended pipette, drop 2 times hydrogen peroxide on the navel. Wait for the peroxide to dry.
• Rinse the pipette. Put 2 drops of brilliant green on the wound. Wait for the greenery to dry.

Until the navel has healed, it is not recommended to bathe the child. You can carry out daily rubbing with warm water. The room should be warm, without drafts. If the navel does not heal, pus comes out from under the crust, you notice redness around the umbilical wound, call a doctor. Do not try to clean the navel yourself, so as not to bring an additional infection.

During the care of the umbilical wound, it is necessary to ensure free access of air to the navel. You can use diapers that have a special notch for the navel. Use loose swaddling during the day.

Start your morning routine by washing your face. Water should be boiled, room temperature. Wash the baby with a cotton pad: wet the pad and wring it out a little. Water should not flow over the child's face.

1. We rub our eyes.

The mucous membranes of the baby can easily fester, so rubbing the eye should be done daily. A cotton pad soaked in boiled water is gently carried out from the outer to the inner corner of the eye. A separate disc is used for each eye. After rubbing, the eyes are dried in the same way.

1. Nose care.

There are two opinions on how to care for the nose of a newborn baby. Some experts insist on daily cleansing. Others believe that it is necessary to clean the nose only in case of illness, for example, with a runny nose, so as not to injure the nasal mucosa. If the baby breathes freely, then do not once again climb into the spout.

For a cold:

• Make a few flagella from cotton wool. Do not use cotton swabs. If the baby twitches, and in newborns there are frequent cases of spontaneous movements, then the nasal mucosa can be damaged.
• Prepare hydrogen peroxide or saline solution.
• Soak the flagellum in the prepared liquid. Screw the flagellum into the spout and quickly remove it. If necessary, repeat the procedure several times, each time changing the flagella.
• If crusts have accumulated in the spout, lubricate them with sterile oil. Then with a flagellum quickly and carefully remove.

1. We clean our ears.

As for the rules for cleaning the ears, the opinions of experts are also divided. Some suggest brushing daily. Others believe that it is enough to clean the ears once every 3 to 5 days.

• The outer sides of the ears are wiped with cotton pads. Make sure that water does not get inside. To do this, be sure to press the disc.
• Make a flagellum out of cotton wool and moisten lightly with hydrogen peroxide. Without sticking the flagellum deep, clean the ears. Instead of flagella, you can use cotton swabs with limiters that will not allow you to go deep.

We wash the child properly.

1. To understand how to properly care for and wash a newborn baby, it is necessary to take into account the physiological characteristics of boys and girls. When washing a boy, it is not necessary to move the foreskin, this can lead to adhesions. It is necessary to wash the baby every day, and every time after physiological departures.

Since in girls the labia still poorly cover the entrance to the vagina, it should be washed towards the anus so that E. coli does not get on the genitals.

• Place the child on one hand.
• Rinse the baby with baby soap under warm running water.
• Wipe dry with a towel.
• Treat with talc.

In the summer, babies should be washed more often, as babies sweat, and sweat accumulates in the folds.

For skin care we use special baby oils and creams. Be sure to check with your pediatrician. In case of rashes, stop using baby cosmetics and check the child for an allergic reaction.

Bathing

You can bathe the baby only after the umbilical wound has completely healed. So that the baby is not afraid of water, wrap the child in a thin diaper for the first procedures.

Before bathing with the baby, you can play or do light gymnastic exercises. After bathing, a light relaxing massage is useful. If the child is afraid of water, the procedure should be stopped immediately. Repeat only after a few days.

Compliance with the rules of procedures for caring for babies allows you to develop immunity in the crumbs, protect the baby from diseases.