Reading texts. Texts for reading by syllables Reading for preschoolers 6 7 years old print

Learning to read in syllables - this stage in teaching children to read is one of the most important and difficult. Often parents simply do not know how to teach a child to pronounce two letters together and get stuck on it for a long time. Tired of the endless repetition of "ME and A will be MA", the child quickly loses interest, and learning to read turns into torment for the whole family. As a result, children who already know letters from the age of two or three cannot even read simple words by the age of five, not to mention reading sentences and books.

What to do next when the child has memorized the letters? Let's make a reservation right away that teaching a preschooler to read syllables can be started even BEFORE he has mastered the entire alphabet (moreover, some teachers insist that you need to move on to syllables as quickly as possible, without waiting for all the letters to be studied). But those letters that we will combine into syllables, the child must name without hesitation.

In order to start learning to read by syllables, it is enough for a child to know 3-4 vowels and a few consonants. First of all, take those consonants that can be pulled (S, Z, L, M, N, V, F), this will help teach the child the continuous pronunciation of the syllable. And this is a fundamentally important point.

So, let's consider a few, in our opinion, the most effective methods that modern teachers offer for teaching a child to fold letters into syllables.

1. We play "Engines"

(a game from the manual by E. Baranova, O. Razumovskaya "How to teach your child to read").

Instead of boring cramming, invite your child to "ride the train." All consonants are written on the rails along which our trailers will go, and vowels are written on the trailers themselves. We place the trailer on the rails so that a consonant appears in the window, and we name which station we got (for example, BA). Next, we move the trailer down the rails - to the next consonant and read the syllable that appears.

There is a similar guide in cards "Game" Steam locomotive. We read syllables. from E. Sataeva

This game is good because the child does not need to be specially explained how to add syllables. It is enough to say: “Now we will ride the letter A, she will be our passenger, name all the stations at which we will make a stop.” To begin with, “ride” yourself - let the child move the trailer along the rails, and you loudly and clearly call the “stations”: BA, VA, GA, YES, ZHA, ZA, etc. Then invite your child to take turns doing this with you. During the game, listening to you, children easily grasp how to pronounce two sounds together. For the third time, the child will “ride” himself without much difficulty.

If the child does not know all the letters, stop only at those “stations” that are familiar to him. Next, we change the wagon. Now we roll the letters O, U, S. If the child can easily cope with the task, we complicate the task. For example, we ride at speed - timing which of the wagons will reach the end of the path first. Or another option: stopping at the station, the child must name not only the syllable, but also the words starting with this syllable (BO - barrel, side, Borya; VO - wolf, air, eight; GO - city, golfs, guests; DO - rain, daughter, boards, etc.).

Please note that with this game you can practice reading not only open syllables (with a vowel at the end), but also closed ones (with a consonant at the end).

To do this, we take trailers where the vowels are written in front of the window, and act in the same way. Now we have a letter on the trailer not a passenger, but a driver, she is the main one, she is in front. First read the resulting “stations” with closed syllables yourself: AB, AB, AG, AD, AZH, AZ, etc., then offer the child a “ride”.

Remember that in this and other exercises, we first practice adding syllables with first-row vowels (A, O, E, Y, Y), and then we introduce second-row vowels (I, E, E, Yu, I) - the so-called "iotized" vowels, which make the sound that precedes them soft.

When the child is good at reading individual tracks with syllables, alternate trailers with passengers and drivers, without prompting which trailer we will ride. This will help the child learn to clearly see exactly where the vowel is in the syllable (the syllable begins with it or ends with it). At first, learning to read by syllables in a child may have difficulties with this.

2. "Run" from one letter to another

This is a visual exercise that will help the child learn to pronounce two letters together.

Before us is a path from one letter to another. To overcome it, you need to pull the first letter until the finger that we are leading along the path reaches the second letter. The main thing we are working on in this exercise is that there is no pause between the first and second sound. In order to make it more interesting to study, replace your finger with a figure of any animal / little man - let him run along the path and connect two letters.

("ABC book for kids" by E. Bakhtina, "Russian alphabet" by O. Zhukova and others).

Many authors of primers and alphabets use animated images of letters that need to be folded into a syllable - they are friends, walk together in pairs, pull each other through obstacles. The main thing in such tasks, as in the previous exercise, is to name two letters together so that the two girlfriend letters stay together.

To use this technique, you do not even need special manuals or primers. Print out several figures of boys and girls (animals, fairy-tale or fictional characters), write a letter on each of them. Let consonants be written on the figures of boys, and vowels on the figures of girls. Make friends with the kids. Check with your child that boys and girls or two girls can be friends, but it is not possible to make friends with two boys (pronounce two consonants together). Change pairs, put girls first in them, and then boys.

Read the syllables first in one order, then in reverse.

These few tricks are quite enough to teach a child to put two letters into a syllable. And learning in the form of a game will allow you to avoid cramming and boring repetition of the same thing.

4. Games to consolidate the skill of adding letters

- Syllabic Lotto

It is very easy to make them yourself, for this you need to pick up a few pictures - 6 for each card and print the corresponding syllables.

• Help will help you “Syllables. Choose a picture according to the first syllable BA-, VA-, MA-, SA-, TA-. Educational lotto games. GEF DO "E. V. Vasilyeva- there are a few more tutorials in this series
“Letters, syllables and words. Lotto with verification” by A. Anikushena
• Similar exercises are in the book. "Syllabic tables. GEF "N. Neshchaeva

- Shop game

Lay out toy goods or pictures with their images on the counter (for example, FISH-ba, DY-nya, PI-horns, BU-lka, YaB-loki, MYA-so). Prepare "money" - pieces of paper with the name of the first syllables of these words. A child can buy goods only for those “bills” on which the correct syllable is written.

Make an album with your child’s own hands, in which a syllable will be written on one page of the spread, and objects whose name begins with this syllable will be written on the other. Periodically review and supplement these albums. For more effective learning to read, close one or the other half of the spread (so that the child does not have extra clues when naming a syllable or choosing words for a particular syllable).

This will help you "Cards for sound and syllabic analysis of words."

- Game in the airfield (garages)

We write syllables large on sheets of paper, lay them out around the room. These will be different airfields (garages) in our game. The child takes a toy plane (car), and the adult commands - on which airfield (in which garage) you need to land the plane (park the car).

For this exercise, Zaitsev cubes or any cards with syllables are suitable (you can make them in the form of traces). We build a long path from them - from one end of the room to the other. Choose two figurines / toys. You play one, the child plays the other. Roll the dice - take turns with your figures on the cards for as many moves as fell on the dice. Stepping on each card, name the syllable written on it.

For this game, you can also use various "walkers" by writing syllables in circles on the playing field.

5. Reading simple words by syllables

Simultaneously with the development of syllables, we begin to read simple words(of three or four letters). For clarity, so that the child understands what parts the word consists of, which letters should be read together and which separately, we recommend that the first words be composed of cards with syllables / individual letters or graphically divide the word into parts.

Words of two syllables can be written on pictures consisting of two parts. Pictures are easier to understand (the child is more willing to read the words written on them than just columns of words), plus it is clearly visible into which parts a word can be broken down when reading it syllable by syllable.

Increase the difficulty gradually: start with words consisting of one syllable (UM, OH, EM, UZH, Hedgehog) or two identical syllables: MOM, UNCLE, DAD, NANNYA. Then proceed to reading the words of three letters (closed syllable + consonant): BAL, SON, LAK, BOK, HOUSE.

You need to understand that even if a child pronounces all the syllables in a word correctly, this does not mean that he will immediately be able to meaningfully put them into a word. Be patient. If a child has difficulty reading words of 3-4 letters, do not proceed to reading longer words and especially sentences.

Be prepared for the fact that the child will freely begin to read words only after he has automated the skill of adding letters into syllables. Until this happens, periodically return to working out syllables.

And, most importantly, remember that any learning should be a joy - for both parents and children!

Philologist, teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher of preschool education
Svetlana Zyryanova

Teaching a child to put letters into words, and words into sentences is not an easy task. On this difficult path, parents will need patience, accuracy and consistency. Today we will answer the main questions: how to teach a child to read by syllables without the help of teachers, and what exercises for teaching reading at home are most effective.

Learning to read: is the child ready to learn to read?

According to psychologists, the best age for learning to read is from 4.5 to 6 years. In practice, a child strives to learn to read at the age of 5 years. It is worth remembering that each child is individual in his development, and if you do not fit into the generally accepted deadlines, this only means that the learning process should be postponed a little.

There are a number of factors that indicate whether a child is currently ready to master the process of reading. Here are the most important ones:

• No problems with pronunciation- the child has the correct pace and rhythm of speech, all sounds are set;
• No hearing problems- the child does not ask again many times, does not distort words that are easy to pronounce;
• Sufficient command of speech- a rich vocabulary, the ability to build phrases and express their thoughts clearly for others;
• Developed phonemic awareness- the child can freely distinguish the sounds of speech, reproduce the sounds heard, name the first / last sound in the word;
• Free orientation in space- the child clearly knows the concepts of right / left and up / down.

By carefully observing the child, you will notice the moment when he becomes interested in putting letters into words. The child will show familiar symbols on store signs to mom and dad, and one day he will try to read them in their entirety. Of course, in his first attempts, the baby will probably read the word incorrectly, but this is not scary - this indicates that his brain is ripe for learning a new skill.

Known methods of teaching children to read

Moms and dads, seeking to teach their child to read as quickly as possible, should be very delicate in their approach to this important issue. So that the child does not lose interest in reading from the first lessons, we suggest that you get acquainted with relevant tips. They will help in the learning process to instill in the child a love for the book.

Alphabet from an early age

Let a child from infancy "absorb" into himself, like a sponge, the name of the letters in a song-game form. Short memorable rhymes about letters will be deposited in the child's memory, and closer to two years the child will be able to tell them quite consciously. From time to time turn on various songs and mini-cartoons about the alphabet, especially since in such a presentation the letters are remembered effortlessly.

Unobtrusive learning

For a preschooler, the game is the main process through which he learns the world around him, including when mastering skills. Boring classes and cramming will not bring the desired result, moreover, the child may completely stop loving reading. Present information in a warm, patient way, and the child will learn the necessary knowledge at a pace that suits him specifically.

Get busy every day

If you have begun to take the first steps in reading syllables, and they have gone to no avail, it is too early to give up. You can take a break for 1-2 days, and then try again. Did the child manage to read a couple of syllables from vowels? Great, it means that the initial reading skills have been obtained and they need to be developed. Practice regularly, and the result will not keep you waiting.

Engage in reading

Often, learning difficulties arise with those children who were practically not read in childhood, and relatives did not set their own example of reading books. It can be fixed. Stories, fairy tales, children's fiction, interesting to your child, should appear in your house. Make it a family tradition to read a short story before bed. The kid will not refuse parental attention, but interesting story pique his interest in the book.

From simple to complex

It happens that a child knows the names of letters, but does not know the sounds. A child will not be able to master reading until he learns the pronunciation of sounds well. Do this step by step:

1. study sounds;
2. move on to reading by syllables;
3. teach your child to merge syllables.

Only after passing through these three stages, you can start learning to read full words.

A detailed video with tips from the teacher - learning to read:

First Steps to Reading: Introduction to Letters

To teach a child to read, it is necessary to maintain an interest in books and letters from an early age. As a rule, at 2-3 years old, babies begin to show attention to the alphabet. It is very important for parents to provide the right developing space at this moment.

Visualization

The child will quickly remember the letters if there is a bright poster with the Russian alphabet in his field of vision. The baby points to the letter - say the corresponding sound. You may have to go back to "A" and "B" more than once and repeat them, but this is how the baby will remember them faster. For busy parents, an interactive panel with letters will be a good help - it itself sounds the letter that the child clicks on.

Touch

To memorize the letters of the alphabet, it is important for a child to use touch. To develop the abstract thinking of the baby, invite him to get acquainted with the letters molded from plasticine or cut out of cardboard. Pay attention to the similarity of objects and letters - the horizontal bar looks like a "P", and the bagel is a spitting letter "O".

Tea party to the letters

The process of learning letters will be very fun and tasty if you offer your child an edible alphabet. With the help of figured pasta, you can cook Abvgdeyka soup, and for dessert, bake your own hand-made cookies - the alphabet.

Magnetic Entertainment

With the help of a magnetic alphabet, you can turn the process of learning letters into a fun and memorable game. For example, kids 1-2 years old can be lured by simply attaching a letter to the surface of the refrigerator and saying it. "Give me a letter! What do we have? It's the letter A! If the child is already 3 years old, then he will like the game of "magnetic fishing". You need all the magnetic letters in a container, and make an impromptu fishing rod from a stick and rope with a magnet. Having caught a "fish", pronounce its name, drawing an analogy with the word. "It's a fish! Look how she looks like a beetle!”

By keys

Children love to imitate the actions of adults. Let the kid press the buttons in the open text editor - he will be interested in the appearance of letters on the screen. Show how to type the simplest word "mom". You can print the first letter and give it to the child. Even if there is a completely unthinkable combination, this will be a kind of impetus for memorizing the alphabet. Also, to master the letters, you can give the child an old keyboard from the computer “to be torn to pieces”.

Mastering the principle of reading by syllables

Usually children pronounce each sound separately, and this is understandable - they need time to remember what the next letter is called. The task of parents is to help the baby overcome this natural difficulty.

You need to start the exercises with words consisting only of vowels. For example, AU, IA and UA. You need to draw / pick up illustrations for these simple words - for example, a girl lost in the forest (“AU!”), a baby lying in a cradle (“WA!”), And a cute donkey chewing grass (“IA!”). Ask the child not to read the inscription, but simply sing it. You can sing slowly, “pull” the syllable, but do not stop: AAAUUU, IIIAAAA, UUUAAAA.

On a note! Be sure to teach your child to recognize exclamatory and interrogative sentences. Highlight the moment of exclamation with your voice, the baby must distinguish between “Ah?” and "A!"

Do not be afraid to go back to the past, continue to teach your child to read the simplest syllables. When the first sound of a syllable is a consonant, it is more difficult for a child to read it. But, nevertheless, you also need to learn to read it, without it there is no way at school. Let the child “pull” HHH and then add A, O, or U. The boy gives the girl a candy - HHHA (“ON!”). The kid swings on a horse - HHNO ("BUT!"). The girl took her mother's hand - MMMA ("MA!"). Please note that the child may "pull" the first sound long enough to remember the next one.

Important! Do not rush the child if he thinks while reading a syllable that is difficult for him - when he feels the principle of folding syllables, the process of mastering the skill will go much faster.

If the baby did not manage to read the word, then the parent must read it himself, then try to read it again with the child. Then move on to the next syllable. Regardless of success, encourage and praise your little student.

Most primers for children 6-7 years old offer to learn from syllabic tables. They are a list of various syllables that do not have a semantic meaning, but are based on visualized memorization. Example: on the letter “N” the sounds “NA-NO-WELL-WE-NI”, on “M” - “MA-MO-MU-WE-MI”, on “T” - “TA-TO-TU-YOU -TI", etc. Of course, such tables have the right to life, but they are not at all interesting for children. It is absolutely not necessary to force a child to read various “VU” and “VA”, it is quite possible to cope without such outdated methodological material.

Advice! The child should not get tired of reading. In the first month, read syllables no more than 3-4 times a week. Let the lessons go not in a row, but every other day. From the second or third month, you can teach your child to read daily.

Games that help children learn to read

Reading requires diligence and regular practice. To make learning easy, look at the pictures in the books, discuss the situations depicted in these pictures, make up stories based on them. Communicate and talk more with the child - this will help him develop thinking and coherent speech.

To discover the wonderful, interesting and vast world of books, we offer you games for learning syllables, their correct pronunciation and memorization. The exercises in these games are suitable for children from 3 to 7 years old.

Note! How to quickly teach a child to read so that he does not get tired of the learning process and does not lose interest? You need to deal with it regularly, but at the same time not for long. For the first lessons, 5-7 minutes will be enough. Gradually, this time can be increased to 15-20 minutes. If you conduct classes in a playful way, it will be easy and not boring for the child to learn the skill of reading.

Exercises with words: we consolidate the skill

As soon as the child learns to merge letters into syllables, parents can be congratulated on half the journey. Now the most important thing is to consolidate the acquired skill. In this case, fun and interesting tasks will be used.

Forming the habit of reading books from infancy

At the beginning of this part, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the experience of mom. How to teach a child to read by syllables (video):

Personal example

"A child learns what he sees in his home." The well-known expression comes in handy for the formation of a child's concept of the importance of reading. If the baby often sees his parents and relatives with a book, then reading will become a part of life for him. Let the kid know from an early age that reading is interesting, and a good book may well replace computer game or watching a cartoon.

Bright illustrations

When choosing a book to start reading, do not forget that pictures are important for children. Thanks to the expressive, bright drawings, it will be easier and more interesting for the child to follow the plot.

Regular reading

Love for books is not formed overnight. If an adult regularly reads small fairy tales aloud to a child, after a month or two the baby himself will show more interest in the works. The first words you read are often the ones on the cover of your favorite book.

Possibility of choice

The child should be interested in what you plan to read with him. Already at the age of 4, a small reader is able to determine how interested he is in this or that book. At this age, it's time for the first trip to the library - let the baby choose the book himself in accordance with his own desire.

TV viewing restriction

Reading, of course, requires certain intellectual efforts from the child. What can not be said about television - it literally takes away the opportunity to dream up, providing ready-made images. You should not completely deprive yourself of watching cartoons, but it makes sense to limit the time spent behind the screen and strictly select allowed TV programs.

When the child has mastered the alphabet well, it is time to teach him how to put letters into syllables and read them. Many mothers and fathers are tormented by the question of how to tell him everything about sounds and syllables, how to teach him to connect letters, and then explain how to put words together.

Learning algorithm

Teaching a child to read coherently is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. This is a rather serious matter that requires patience, perseverance and some preparation of the parents themselves. The process of developing reading skills consists of three steps:

• memorization of letters and the sounds denoting them;
• folding letters into syllables and practicing reading them;
• folding syllables into words and practicing continuous reading.

The first step usually does not cause difficulties for children, they quickly memorize letters during the game. The next step, almost the most important and responsible, is not very easy for many children. Difficulties that have arisen can discourage hunting and significantly slow down the process. Do not give up and continue systematic studies, even if things have seriously slowed down. Encourage your child to feel more confident.

When can you start teaching your child to read?

Dear reader!

This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know how to solve your particular problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

Before you start learning, make sure that your charming student knows the letters of the alphabet and easily identifies them. To test skills, give your child the alphabet and ask them to name the letters. It usually takes 2-3 minutes for the kids to do this. This means that it takes him 4-6 seconds to recognize one letter. Based on the simplest calculations, it can be assumed that it will take him 20 to 25 seconds to read a word of 4 letters (“dad”, “mother”). Now imagine what it's like to read at that speed.

So knowing and identifying letters is important, of course, but their definition must be lightning fast. When the baby spends about 20 seconds to “disassemble” the entire alphabet, then proceed to the second stage of learning - how to teach the child syllables.

Fundamental points:

• Teach your child sounds, not letters, this will simplify the process of subsequent learning. For example, not "de", "te", "me", but "D", "T", "M". Vowels should be long "uuu", "aaa". Start your practice with "A". It is the easiest for children, they quickly remember and determine it. As soon as the student determines it well, proceed to the consonants. Then begin to compose the syllables "MA", "DA", "GA". As soon as this works out, start building words: “ba-ba”, “ma-ma”. After practicing skills with the letter "A", start practicing with the letter "O", then "U", "I".
• If your child knows the alphabet well, play with it. Show him how to collect simple words "da-sha", "ka-sha", "li-za", "li-sa", "mouth", "house", "ko-za".
• Move on to 3-syllable words.
• Learning in the game is the most optimal and interesting for the child.

Make active use of visual aids in the learning process. Pre-prepared colorful pictures, thematic video materials can become your assistants in this difficult task.

Teaching Methods

It is rather difficult to teach a baby to read on its own, without relying on didactic material (more details in the article:). Get a primer in advance, you will need it. Now they are produced in a large assortment - there are classic ones, there are also original ones. The most interesting and practically substantiated are the methods of N. Zhukova and E. Bakhtina.

Zhukova's method with "running letters" looks simpler to explain, and therefore more understandable to the child. We should not forget that every child is unique, his abilities are individual. What is convenient and understandable for one, does not work for another. If the baby does not feel very confident at the stage of syllables, do not rush to move on to folding words, even the simplest ones. Such useless acceleration will increase his uncertainty and discourage the desire to learn to read.

Bakhtina's technique is suitable for very young children who are barely 2 years old. The author assures that children who regularly study at home according to her method can read well by the age of three. According to Zhukova's primer, children go to school, i.e. at the age of 5-6 years.

We add and read syllables according to the method of Elena Bakhtina

The essence of the method is as follows: as soon as the baby has learned to fluently (precisely fluently!) Recognize letters, start teaching him to connect letters, build syllables to pronounce them. After he learns how to pronounce and recognize letter combinations correctly, you need to work out their varieties.

Let's take an example. In the syllable "MA" the letters "M" and "A" met and became close friends. Now they are together and it turns out "MA". Repeat about friendship "M" + "A" \u003d "MA" during the day, consolidate the skill the next day. In the same way, learn other letter combinations. At first, practice open syllables (for a vowel) "KA", "GA", "LA". Be sure to reinforce the pronunciation by demonstrating cards (visually).

Use the same cards to teach your child to read. We offer you ready-made cards: consonants - blue, vowels - red. Make syllables and words for reading from cards.

Important aspects:

• At the initial stage, do not use vowels with "y" in the composition "yu" = "yu", "ya" = "ya". Don't use hissing consonants as they are harder to pronounce.
• Teach your child continuously - not only at home with an ABC book, but also during a walk. Point the "student" to the signs, encourage him to find and pronounce familiar combinations, practice with unfamiliar combinations. Then you can include vowels with “y” in the composition and hissing consonants in the training.

It is possible that this technique will not suit the baby, and he will not learn to read. In this case, try another teaching method.

The classical technique of the author of the school primer Nadezhda Zhukova

Use Zhukova's primer to teach your child how to make syllables from letters. Start with the letters "M" and "A", because their combination is close and dear to the baby. This combination of letters is familiar almost from birth, it underlies the word "mother".

Pay attention to the baby that in the picture in the primer one letter runs to another, and then they are connected.

Speak the stretched letter “mmm” with him and turn it into “mmaaaa”. At the same time, the first sound is gradually reduced and the second becomes longer. In the same way, pronounce other open letter combinations with "A", "O", "U": "YES", "KO", "TU", etc. Then proceed to the addition of very simple words that are understandable to the student: “PA-PA”, “RU-KA”, “NO-GA”. Focus on articulation: we stretch one sound, and shorten the other. If you can make your cards with "running" letters, then you can teach your baby to read not only with a book, but also through a game.

Important aspects:

• It is very important to encourage the child to analyze the syllables that he learns. Every time ask him what letters he sees here and how many there are. Let him say and repeat again and again.
• Make sure that while reading, his letters do not “break apart” and do not “unfriend”, so that the sounds do not turn into letters when they are connected: “yes”, not “dea”; "pa", not "pea". The child must pronounce exactly the sounds. Remind the baby that the first sound must be pulled, and the second “cut”.
• During the lesson, let the child determine by ear the number of letters (sounds) spoken by mom / dad. Ask him to name the first sound and the second. Initially, you can practice on combinations of vowels "ao", "ua", "ia".

Once again, we recall the individuality of the child. One kid will quickly connect letters and sounds, while the other will have difficulty. Do not rush him and do not pedal the situation. Let classes be regular. If your child is not given one technique, try another. It is important to choose the option that suits him.

Clinical and perinatal psychologist, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Perinatal and Reproductive Psychology and Volgograd State Medical University with a degree in Clinical Psychology

Your baby has learned letters, actively adds syllables and small words. It's time to move on to more complex, but interesting tasks- reading texts. But here parents and teachers expect some difficulties. It is impossible to offer a preschooler text cards without taking into account the characteristics of age, the degree of development of the skill of syllable reading. We will tell you in our article how to choose texts for reading for preschoolers, where to find and how to correctly print texts for reading by syllables for younger and older preschoolers.

Age features of preschoolers

Kindergarteners after 5 years are very active, mobile, inquisitive. They rapidly grow up, grow wiser, develop physically and mentally.
When preparing for school, parents, teachers should pay attention to the following age features kids 4-7 years old:

• The main need of kindergarteners is communication, games. Children ask a lot of questions to adults, themselves, peers. Learn by playing.
• The leading mental function is imagination, fantasy. This helps to show creativity.
• Emotions, impressions, positive experiences are important for further development, the desire to continue activities. Kindergartener 5-7 years old needs praise, support, lack of comparison with other children.
• Actively developing cognitive processes: attention, memory. At 5-7 years old, preschoolers can remember and analyze a large amount of information. But you need to give it in doses, trying not to overload the children's brain in one lesson.
• Speech becomes more developed. At the age of 5, the kid speaks in complex sentences, can pick up several synonyms for one word, knows a lot of poems, riddles, and several fairy tales by heart.
• Kindergartener wants to learn new things and learn. The kid is spurred on by curiosity, he is interested in everything new, unknown.

Consider the age and individual characteristics of preschoolers when choosing texts for reading. In this case, the training sessions will be more effective.

How to work with texts

Reading poems, short stories for a preschooler is a new kind of work. The difficulty of completing the reading task lies in the fact that the kindergartener does not always understand the meaning of the passage. To avoid this, you need to approach the choice of material and methods of its processing correctly. Build the learning process as follows:

1. Select handouts according to the age of the student. For kids 4-5 years old, cards of 1-3 sentences, for older preschoolers - 4-5 sentences.
2. Pay attention to the number of words in the sentences. There should be few of them. Simple texts for reading for preschoolers are easier to digest, but you can’t stay at an easy level for a long time.
3. Move on to working with text cards after automating syllabic reading.
4. Read in a chain in a group or together with adults in individual work.
5. Don't rush your child. At the learning stage, reading comprehension is important, not the speed of reading and the amount of time spent.

Texts for children 4-5 years old

Young preschoolers need special suggestion cards. Reading by syllables for children under 5 years old is best accompanied by text with pictures. For example, coloring pages with comments. Coloring will be an additional task.

If for the first time we read by syllables, the texts for reading should consist of 1-2 sentences. Use small words, 1-2 syllables. Cards can be prepared independently, found on the web and printed.

For young students, it is important that there is a hyphen or other separator between syllables. Choose a font for printing material for reading by syllables at 4 years old, large, bold.

• Learning to read by syllables through working with text does not have to begin after learning the entire alphabet. Find for reading to children from 5 years old and print out individual sentences from such words, which consist of learned letters. There are many of them in the Zhukova alphabet.
• At the age of 4 to 5 years, it is not necessary to offer children a whole fairy tale, a book. Large volumes scare kids, distract with colorful drawings on other pages. Print only the section you want.
• Play with a passage, a poem. You can read a word separately, then a phrase, then a whole syntactic unit.
• Work according to the following algorithm. First we read, then we discuss, draw, fantasize.

Tasks

After reading the texts, be sure to study the material additionally. This is necessary for a solid assimilation of information, the formation of meaningful reading skills. Offer preschoolers the following types of assignments for the passage:

1. Short retelling.
   The kindergartener should tell what he learned, what information was the main thing in the text. It is advisable to use the words read, to name the names of the characters, their actions.
2. Answer the questions.
   Speech therapist, parent ask 1-3 simple questions about the material read.
   If the baby does not answer them, you need to read the passage together, with the adult's comments.
3. Draw a picture.
   We play illustrators. Children come up with a plot picture based on the information received from the passage, the poem. It could be homework.
4. What happened next?
   Offer to dream up, think of what could happen to the characters next.

Reading texts with pictures and tasks:

Texts for children 6-7 years old

If you are preparing reading texts for children 6-7 years old, then you can print out entire paragraphs. For work, choose excerpts from fairy tales, short stories. With large works, you can work 2-3 lessons. Do not forget about short stories from the alphabet or primer.

• Work through the sentences in a chain, try to involve each student.
• After reading the short passage for the first time, discuss the content. If you find any misunderstandings of the information, read the passage again.
• If we read individually by syllables, different texts for reading to children of 7 years old should be printed on separate sheets.

Texts with tails:

In the process of growing up, the child learns important and useful skills. Reading is one of the fundamentals. Psychologists recommend taking into account the individual characteristics of children. This will help to understand whether the child is ready to learn letters and whether it is time to start learning to read by syllables. For children of different ages, an individual approach is required.

It is important to recognize the signals of readiness for learning in a timely manner:

• the child creates the illusion of reading, runs his finger over the text;
• shows interest in books, can look at them for a long time;
• knows all the letters and can easily name them;
• he has clear speech;
• the child has a large vocabulary;
• it is necessary to individually approach the baby with speech defects.

Features of learning at different ages

At 3-4 years old

A child at this age is active and inquisitive and is able to absorb a large amount of new information in a short period of time.

Productive learning of any skill should combine:

1. An interesting form of presentation, i.e. learning is best done in the form of a game. Monotony and monotony can scare away the baby and discourage the desire to learn for a long time.
2. Choose a task depending on the individual characteristics of the baby. Even at the age of 3 years, the development and abilities of two children can be very different. It is necessary to select educational games so that they suit the child and are not too difficult for him.
3. Monitor the reaction of the little student so that he does not overstrain.
4. Consider his mood. You should not start learning if the baby is not in the mood for classes.

At 4-5 years old

The child's brain begins to work actively and process information. It is already much easier for him to structure and analyze everything that happens around him. Education should also be carried out in the form of games, so that it is easier and more interesting for the child to learn new knowledge. A small student needs to be able to focus on classes for a long time, otherwise the result from them will be minimal.

At 5-6 years old

The child begins a new stage of intellectual development. He begins to actively show interest in reading, because he himself wants to delve into the learning process.

The child gets more positive emotions from learning to read. The brain of a little man actively develops certain areas that are responsible for attention, helps to better structure, analyze and remember information.

At 6-7 years old

Adults do not like to engage in routine activities that make them bored. And it is simply contraindicated for a child to do something boring. Lessons should be fun and interesting.

This will require:

• teaching material with capital letters;
• conduct training in the form of a game;
• do not overwork the child.

Do not take into account only books, it is better to use speaking alphabet, cards, cubes and other educational material.

Classical learning at home

Right start

In order to successfully and effectively teach a child to read by syllables, it is necessary to set the right start. Psychologists and pediatricians advise to act with certain methods in order to reduce the resistance of a small student to the learning process.

Among them:

1. Conduct classes when the child has good mood and there are no signs of illness. This rule also applies to the teacher.
2. At the beginning of school, the baby often experiences rapid overwork and difficulty concentrating. It is best to reduce the time of classes in the first few days.
3. The golden rule of any learning for children is a playful presentation. Thus, the child learns the necessary things in an easy and interesting way.
4. Studying with a child, you do not need to portray a strict teacher. Such a form of presentation can forever ruin in him the desire to acquire new knowledge.
5. The baby must be supported and rejoiced at his success. This will help build the child's self-confidence and ability to achieve success faster.
6. The more various games there are, the easier and more interesting it will be for the baby to learn to read by syllables. For children, it is also a necessary condition to switch from one game to another in a timely manner. This helps to keep the interest and attention of the little student.

Stages of learning

1. First, explain in a playful way that speech consists of sounds.
2. To teach the child to distinguish between consonants of different hardness (soft and hard). Identify the vowel that is stressed.
3. Then the little student needs to learn how to distinguish sounds in small words.
4. In a playful way, show the letter and pronounce its sound designation.
5. Then, together with the parents, add syllables.

Game forms of learning letters.

For children modern world offers many different techniques that help teach to read by syllables.

Among them:

Teaching the correct pronunciation of sounds

Training is best divided into several stages. This will help the child learn the correct pronunciation faster.

1. Stage 1. It is aimed at the development of organs that are involved in speech: lips, tongue, cheeks. At this stage, lighter sounds are mastered, i.e. vowels and simple consonants.
2. Stage 2. The child learns complex consonants. As practice shows, these are whistling and hissing sounds.
3. Stage 3. This stage should be given special attention, because. it is one of the most difficult when teaching a child the correct pronunciation. At stage 3, you need to teach how to correctly pronounce complex sounds (hissing and whistling) so that the baby does not confuse them.
4. Stage 4. When a small student learns to pronounce complex sounds separately, the next stage begins. The child will need to learn to separate mixing sounds, for example, [Ш] and [С].

Compilation of syllables and the transition to their pronunciation

Syllables can be divided into 3 types:

1. Consonant + vowel A. This is the easiest syllable to learn in a child. For example, syllables: MA, BA, PA, etc. He needs to explain how syllables are composed and learn how to read them correctly. Let the little reader not try to learn the syllables quickly, because the main thing is that he understands the essence and does it right. Over time, he will learn to do it much faster.
2. Consonant + other vowels. First, it is better to study a syllable with simple consonants, but a different vowel than [A]. When he has mastered this lesson, you can move on to the next one. Alternate simple consonants with complex ones (whistling, etc.) and any vowel. For example, syllables: DI, SHCHA, CHE, etc.
3. Slog is the opposite. When the little reader understands the essence, pediatricians recommend switching to closed syllables. Those. syllable ends with a consonant. For example, syllables: IR, YASCH, AR, etc.

Reading whole words

Learning to read by syllables is an intermediate stage, after which a difficult but interesting period begins for children - reading whole words. The fewer words that fall into the field of view of the child, the easier it will be for him.

1. It is best to start with words that have repeated syllables. For example, MA-MA, PA-PA, BA-BA, etc.
2. Further, it is easiest for children to perceive words with repeated (simple) consonants. For example, MI-MO, etc.
3. Then you should choose a different combination of syllables, but with simple consonants. For example, SA-LO, KI-SA, etc.
4. Then it is better to pay attention to words with one complex consonant. For example, RO-SCHA, PI-SCHA, etc. Then you can choose both complex consonants: CHA-SCHA, etc.

With a gradual increase in difficulty, the child will be able to read even the most difficult words.

Teaching Fluency Reading

Learning to read fluently will help your child learn to read quickly. It is important to choose the text for classes in accordance with age. It is necessary to fix the initial result in order to know how successful the training is. To do this, it is enough to let the child read the text, first note the time. At the beginning of training, you should not overwork him, 1-2 minutes will be enough.

1. Understand the meaning. It is necessary that the child be able to assimilate and remember the meaning of the read text. When a small student reads a part, you need to ask him questions and check if he understood the meaning of the text.
2. In search. A novice reader is invited to quickly find a certain word or phrase in the text (but this also depends on the age of the child).
3. Tough fight. Experts say that it is difficult for children to read words with several consonants in a row. You need to make a list of difficult words with consecutive consonants. It is best to work out such words daily so that the child does not lose dexterity.
4. Tongue Twisters. Speaking tongue twisters helps to improve pronunciation, distribute breathing correctly, and increase reading speed.

Popular reading teaching methods

Zaitsev Cubes

The main difference between Zaitsev's methodology is the unit of language, i.e. warehouse instead of the common syllable. For example, "pi-ro-g" instead of "pi-horn".

Cubes have many features:

• size;
• color;
• quantity;

Differences help the child remember a certain rule. In addition to the cubes, tables with warehouses are attached. Zaitsev's technique is suitable for children from 3 years old.

Syllabic reading

This method is a table with syllables. A huge set of syllables is good because it is impossible to remember and memorize, so one table can be studied many times. Syllabic reading helps you learn a variety of syllables and prepare you for reading difficult words.

Glenn Doman Method

This method is recommended to be used from 6 months. The set contains cards with words printed in red letters.
The essence of the method is to show the child cards with words, pronouncing them clearly and clearly. With the help of this technique, the child will be able to learn to read without memorizing syllables and letters.

Methodology of Nadezhda Zhukova

For this method, the child must first be introduced to the letters. Nadezhda Zhukova claims that it is more difficult for children to single out individual sounds and it is easier to single out syllables. The baby first needs to be introduced to the simplest letters, vowels. Help him understand that they can be sung. Then you need to explain how 2 vowels are added, then he will be able to understand the basics of adding syllables.

"Magnetic alphabet" by Nadezhda Zhukova will help the child learn to determine by ear how many letters and sounds are pronounced, and in what sequence the sounds sound.

Chaplygin Cubes

The technique is based on dynamic cubes. These are cubes connected in a special way that can be twisted. Turning them, the baby gets new words. From 2 cubes you can collect 20 words, and from 3 cubes - 25 times more (i.e. 500 different words).

ABC self-taught

A self-taught alphabet allows a child to learn the alphabet without outside help. The electronic alphabet will help to learn the basis of reading - letters in a playful way with little or no help from adults.

Reading video lessons

There are a huge number of video tutorials, both simple and intricate. It is sometimes difficult for parents to choose from such a variety what is really suitable for the child.

Video lessons can be conditionally divided:

• according to the age;
• by gender of the child;
• by level of training (beginner, intermediate, advanced).

You should select video lessons according to these parameters.

What are the advantages of video lessons on learning to read:

• distance learning;
• independent learning without the participation of adults;
• easy accessibility;
• interesting learning format;
• big variety.

For successful learning, it is important to demonstrate:

• persistence;
• patience;
• methodicalness;
• attentiveness;
• love and care.

You should not start classes in a bad mood and / or well-being. The rule applies to both the child and the parent. It is impossible to show negative emotions during training: irritability, anger, aggression. If difficulties arise in the learning process, it is better to postpone classes for a while.

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