When applying the “Miss the Ball” rule, it must be taken into account that it should not serve as a source of gaining points in a situation where the opponent is in a difficult position, but to prevent his careless and especially dishonest play when getting out of a difficult situation. Here, dishonest play is understood as an attempt by the player, by breaking the rule (the player does not try to hit the next ball with the first touch) and receiving a minimal penalty, to avoid gaining a position on the opponent.

In the latter case, the striker must be considered to be attempting to hit the next ball, provided that he plays straight or away from the ball in the direction of the next ball with sufficient force, in the opinion of the referee, to reach the next ball due to the masking balls.

For example, one of the following positions arose: the cue ball stopped on the edge of the pocket and an unusual ball rolled up to it, blocking all the paths, or the cue ball fell into a cluster of reds so that there is not a single crack for passage to the colored ones. What then? The referee does not call a “Miss” if the player strikes with the required force and along a trajectory as close as possible to the one along which the cue ball could have passed to the target if not for interference. That is, he doesn’t just touch the cue ball or push it anywhere.

(a) Once a Foul and Miss is called, the next player may, at his discretion, require the offender to continue playing from the abandoned position or from the original position; in the latter case, the next ball must be the same as before the last stroke, namely:

(i) any red ball when the next ball was red;
(ii) colored, when there are no reds left on the table;
(iii) a color of the striker's choice when the next ball was a color after a red was played.

(b) If, in making a stroke, the striker fails to hit the ball on with his first touch from a position where there is a clear path in a straight line from the cue ball to any part of any ball which is or may be on, the referee shall call a Foul and Miss if only none of the players needed snookers before or as a result of the stroke and the referee is convinced that the miss was unintentional.

A "miss" is generally not called on either player when either player needs a snooker before a shot or after a foul penalty. The explanation here is simple: there is no reason for either the lagging behind (why increase the gap in the score?) or the leader (why make a mistake and pull up the opponent, giving him a chance?).

After a Miss has been declared under (b) above, when there is a clear path in a straight line from the cue ball to a ball which is or may be next, such that a head-on impact was possible (in the case of reds, the full diameter of any red not masked by colours) Then:

(i) a repeated failure to hit another ball while making a stroke from the same position shall be called a Foul and Miss regardless of the difference in score, and
(ii) if required to play again from the original position, the offender must be warned by the referee that a third unsuccessful attempt will result in the award of victory for that frame to the opponent.

(d) If, after the cue ball has been replaced under this Rule in a position where there was a clear path in a straight line from the cue ball to any part of the next ball, the striker fouls any ball (including the cue ball) while preparing to make a stroke, then a Miss is not is declared unless the kick is taken. In this case, an appropriate fine will be imposed and

(i) the next player may choose whether to take the stroke himself or to require the offender to continue playing from the position left behind, or
(ii) the next player may request that the referee restore the original position and force the offender to play from there again, and
(iii) if the above situation occurs during a series of misses, then any warning regarding the possible award of a frame victory to his opponent remains valid.

(e) In any other position, a missed ball shall be declared at the discretion of the umpire.

In what cases should a “Miss” be declared? automatically:
1. The shot was executed too quietly. The player strives to only lightly touch the object ball and roll slightly towards it so as not to give up position. The intent is obvious. Therefore, if the cue ball has not reached even a fraction of a millimeter, “Foul and miss” follows with all the ensuing consequences.
2. The blow was taken too hard. The player aims from the side at a stand-alone active position ball. He hits hard to remove the ball from a good position and roll the cue ball further away. But it is known that any increase in impact increases the error. Therefore, if you miss on a strong blow - “Miss”. We must remember that simply to hit the ball from the side, the player makes a calm, measured blow.
3. There is a group of regular balls on the table, which is not difficult to hit, but you can play out the position. Therefore, the player strives to hit a free-standing ball, for example, near the side.
4. You can play from one side, but the player plays from two sides in order to hit the object ball further away. This means that if a more difficult way out of snooker is chosen, then if you miss it is also “Foul and miss”. It also happens that the simplest way is a dribbling shot, and the player is trying to hit from two or three sides. The same.
5. The player potted a red, but the cue ball was buried in a cluster of reds. You can play from the board on black, but the cue ball will remain near the red ones and an attack may follow. Therefore, the player hits, for example, on the green (if he hits, then the opponent has to play from afar, and if he misses, then the penalty is no longer 7, but only 4). The trick is clear, which means “Miss”.
6. On the way to the next ball, the cue ball touches any ball. This is undoubtedly a “Miss”, because. the trajectory was chosen incorrectly. Hit differently.
7. The obligatory “Miss” follows an openly careless, unprepared blow or a blow in the hearts, with anger. (Here the judge is obliged to declare a miss for educational purposes, even if someone needs snooker!)
The judge may not give a “Miss” if a rather difficult, but justified and measured blow was performed. The referee may take into account that the player hit from the ball or that in order to hit the cue ball must be held close to another ball or other difficulties.
Every tournament must have the same standard for assigning a miss. For example, both experienced and beginners participate in the European Championships. But the approach to assigning a “Miss” depends not on the player’s qualifications, but on the level of competition. This is how professionals almost always hit until they hit, or until the opponent wants to play from the created position, or until snooker is no longer needed.

(f) After a miss and the next player is required to reposition the cue ball, any displaced object balls must remain in place unless the referee considers that this would give the offender an advantage. In the latter case, any or all of the displaced balls may be replaced at the discretion of the referee; but in any case, coloreds unduly absent from the table must be properly displayed or moved.

How to restore a position? The qualifications of the arbitrator are important here. If a player bets snooker, then the judge, as if by chance, should look at how close the cue ball is to the nearest masking ball and where the straight line connecting the cue ball with this ball leads. If they are close, then you need to estimate where the player hits this ball (for example, how close to the middle pocket). This helps to restore the position later. Let us note that this must be done casually, otherwise the referee puts pressure on the player by his actions, anticipating his possible mistake in advance. The balls are recovered approximately, but the cue ball and the nearest ball, as well as the next ball, must be recovered as accurately as possible. If the reds roll out, then they gather in a group of the same volume and so that the outermost reds go or do not go into the pocket, as before the attempt. If a red one falls into the pocket, then it is taken out and placed in its original place (this is a rare case when a fallen red one is restored). Players may make adjustments to the placement of the balls when regaining position, but they may not touch any of the balls. If there is a disagreement between the players regarding the restoration of the position, the referee himself makes the final decision.

(g) When any ball moves after a miss, then both players are consulted as to its position, after which the umpire must make the final decision.

(h) If any player, during such consultation, touches any play ball, he shall be penalized as if he were the striker, but without changing the order of play. The affected ball must be repositioned by the umpire if necessary at his discretion, even if it has been lifted.

(i) The next player may ask the umpire his intention to move balls other than the cue ball if he asks his opponent to play from the original position, and the umpire must communicate his intentions.

The following rule applied to amateur snooker in 2004.
14.1 *
When a Foul and Miss is called twice in a row in a full snooker situation and the offender is forced to play again from his original position, he must be warned by the referee that if a Foul and Miss is called a third time, the next player will have the option of:
(i) Request the offender to play from where the cue ball stopped;
(ii) Play yourself from the created position;
(iii) Play from your hand with all the remaining balls on the table.
(a) When a Foul and Miss is called, the offender must demonstrate on each attempt that he is making a genuine effort to hit the next ball. If this condition is violated, the judge must apply , or .

§1. Table.
The game is played on tables measuring 12x6 feet (3569 x 1778 mm) or 10x5 feet, the diameter of the balls is 52.4 mm.

§2. Number of players.
Two.

§3. Set of snooker balls.
15 red balls, 6 colored balls and a white cue ball. Colored balls have a certain point value:
red - 1,
yellow - 2,
green - 3,
brown - 4,
blue - 5,
pink -6,
black - 7.

§4. Purpose of the game.
You need to score more points than your opponent.

§5. Account keeping.
Points are scored by playing the balls correctly, getting the corresponding number according to the color of the balls; the opponent's penalty points are added. The game ends according to the rules of the game after all the balls have been played. But if there is only one black ball left, then it is played until the first score or first violation. Rules
1. After a correctly pocketed ball, the player continues to shoot until he misses or fouls.
2. When hitting, the cue ball must touch the next ball (red or colored). Otherwise, a fine will be imposed. In this case, it is not necessary to bring the balls to the sides or pocket them.
3. If, when the cue ball hits a red ball, any other red ball falls, then it is counted.
4. The game is played alternately by potting a red ball and then any colored ball, but with the announcement of a specific colored ball. And when hitting, the cue ball must first touch this particular ball, otherwise there is a penalty.
5. If the next ball is red and a colored one is pocketed, a penalty is imposed.
6. Jumping the ball is not allowed.
7. If there are red balls on the table, each pocketed colored ball is placed before the next shot is struck. If a stroke is made with an incorrectly placed colored ball and the opponent or the referee notices this before the next stroke is struck, a penalty is imposed.
8. After all the red balls have been played, the colored balls are pocketed in ascending order of their value, which are no longer placed after the playing, with the exception of the black ball in the event of a draw, which is placed in the starting position. After the rally, the player performs a hand kick from the sector before scoring or fouling.

§ 1. Initial blow.
The right to choose the order of strikes in the first game is determined by lot or drawing. The initial blow is made from the hand from the sector (see picture). The cue ball must touch the red ball, otherwise a penalty is imposed. Penalty points are awarded to the entering player, who can play from the current situation or ask the opponent to take the kick again.

§2. Incorrectly pocketed balls.
Incorrectly pocketed red balls are not fielded. Incorrectly pocketed colored balls are marked out.

§3. Displaying balls.
Red balls are not exposed. Colored balls are placed on their marks. If the mark is occupied, then they place on the free mark corresponding to the ball of the highest value. If all the marks are occupied, then the colored ball is placed as close as possible to the original mark on the back side. If a pink or black ball cannot be placed in the indicated place, then they must be placed closer to their point, but towards the middle of the table.

§4. Popped object balls.
Popped red balls are not spotted, but colored balls are spotted and a penalty is imposed. §5. Played balls.
Balls are considered played (pocketed) if they fall into the pockets as a result of a correct shot.
A ball reflected from a pocket onto the playing surface of the table remains in play.
An object ball that falls into a pocket as a result of a deliberate roll down the board is not counted and is placed in accordance with the rules of the particular game, and no penalty is imposed.

§6. A popped cue ball.
When the cue ball pops up, the opponent entering the game plays from his hand from the sector. In this case, you can pocket any of the next balls.

§7. Snooker (mask).
The cue ball is in the snooker position (masked) - if it is not possible to make a direct hit on any of the next object balls. If a direct hit is possible on at least one of the object balls, then there is no snooker.

§8. Touching balls.
Two balls touch each other tightly. In this case, the blow is struck away from the center line connecting the centers of the two balls. Otherwise, the blow is erroneous (missed).

§9. Miss the ball.
If the cue ball misses, a penalty is announced. The player entering the game can accept the existing position or invite the offender to play from the original position, i.e. repeat the blow.

§10. Free ball.
If the cue ball is in the snooker position after an infringement, then a “free ball” is declared. If the opponent takes this position and makes a shot, he can declare any ball to be next. The cost of the announced ball is equal to the cost of the next one (which would have to be hit). A penalty is imposed if the cue ball does not hit the called ball or the cue ball after the strike is masked by a free ball, unless only the pink and black balls remain on the table. If a free ball is pocketed, it is fielded and the player is credited for the value of the next ball. If the next ball is played, the player is credited with its value. If both a free ball and a regular ball are played, then only the value of the next ball is counted. (“Snooker is different.” The cue ball is in the “snooker is different” position).

§eleven. Lip hold.
The cue ball is considered to be placed behind the lip of the pocket if the sides do not allow the cue ball to hit any of the next balls directly. If the cue ball is placed behind the lip after a violation, then the opponent either takes this position and strikes, or strikes with his hand from the sector. §12. Miss.
If a player can hit the object ball or part of it with a direct hit, but does not hit, then the referee declares miss. After determining the miss, the cue ball is placed in its previous position, unless this situation is beneficial to the player who made the mistake. After the ball (or balls) have been restored to their previous position, the players’ opinions are heard, but the referee’s word is decisive.

§13. Hanging balls.
- if the ball is pocketed not as a result of a collision, then it is placed in its original place;
- if a player makes a mistake during a shot, the opponent gets the points and each ball is put back in its original place.

§14. Errors.
- after a mistake, the opponent plays from the place where the cue ball stopped;
- if several mistakes are made during a strike, then the opponent receives points for the worst of them;
- after a mistake, at the request of the opponent, the player must hit further;
- if a miss is determined, the player must shoot from the restored position.

§15. Fines for violations.
For the following violations a fine is imposed in the prescribed amount, but not less than 4 points.

1. In the amount of the cost of the next ball, if:
- the balls did not stop before striking;
- striking the cue ball several times;
- both legs were lifted off the floor;
- the blow was made out of turn;
- incorrect hand strike from the sector;
- miss on object balls;
- the cue ball fell into the pocket;
- with a free choice of ball, the cue ball still remained in the “snooker” position;
- the cue ball has executed a jump shot (i.e. the cue ball jumps over any ball before colliding with the object ball).

2. In the amount of the value of the object ball or more valuable ball associated with the violation, if:
- an unusual ball entered the pocket;
- the cue ball did not hit the object ball;
- a push-punch was performed;
- the player touched the balls with anything other than the cue sticker;
- the ball jumped overboard.

3. In the amount of the value of the next ball or the corresponding 2 balls (whichever is greater): when the cue ball hits these two balls at the same time, except in the case of 2 reds or a free choice. 4. In the amount of seven points, if:
- a mistake was made after playing a red ball, but before ordering a colored ball;
- any ball is used other than for the game;
- played in red when color is next;
- any ball is used instead of the cue ball.

PART 1. EQUIPMENT

All dimensions given in parentheses in the metric system are rounded to the nearest millimeter.

1. Standard table
Dimensions
(a) The playing field, bounded by the sides, shall measure 11" 8?" by 5" 10" (3569mm by 1778mm) with a tolerance in both dimensions of ±?" (±13mm).
Height
(b) The height of the table from the floor to the top edge of the side should be between 2" 9?" up to 2" 10?" (from 851 mm to 876 mm).
Pockets
(c) (i) Pockets must be located in the corners (two near the Point - the so-called upper pockets and two in the Beam area - lower pockets) and one in the middle of each long side (middle pockets).
(ii) Pocket shapes must conform to the templates approved by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA).
Line Beams and Beams
(d) A straight line drawn 29" (737 mm) from the bottom side parallel to it is called the Beam line, this line and the space enclosed by it is called the Beam.
Sector (D)
(e) Sector (D) is a semicircle located in the Beam, centered on the midpoint of the Beam line and with a radius of 11" (292 mm).
Points
(f) Four dots are marked on the center longitudinal line of the table:
(i) The dot (also known as the Black Dot) is located 12" (324 mm) below and perpendicular to the top edge.
(ii) Center Point (Blue Dot), located midway between the near and far sides.
(iii) Pyramid Point (Pink Point), located midway between the Center Point and the top edge.
(iv) Midpoint of the Beam line (Brown dot).
Two more points are located in the corners of Sector (D). Viewed from the Beam, the point on the right is called the Yellow Point, and on the left is called the Green Point.

2. Balls
The balls must be of an approved material and each must have a diameter of 52.5 mm (with a tolerance of ±0.05 mm), and:
(a) they must be of the same weight with a tolerance of 3 g per set,
(b) a ball or set of balls may be replaced by agreement between the players or by the decision of the referee.
The cost of the balls is as follows:
Red - 1
Yellow - 2
Green - 3
Brown - 4
Blue - 5
Pink - 6
Black - 7.

3. Cue
The cue must not be less than 3 feet (914 mm) in length and differ substantially from the traditional and generally accepted look and shape.

4. Accessories
Various cue rests, long cues (called bats and half-bats according to length), extensions and adapters can be used by players facing difficult positions when making a shot.
Equipment normally found at the table may be used, including equipment provided either by any player or by the referee (see also Rule 18 of Part 3). All extensions, adapters and other devices to assist in making a shot must be of WPBSA approved construction.

PART 2. DEFINITIONS

1. Frame
A frame in Snooker covers the period of time from the moment of the initial stroke, with all balls set according to Rule 2 of Part 3, and ends:
(a) a concession by any player to his approach,
(b) at the request of the Striker, when only the Black ball remains on the table and the difference in the score is more than seven points in his favor,
(c) by a final pot or foul when only the Black ball remains, or
(d) by the decision of the referee under Rule 14(c) of Part 3 or Rule 2 of Part 4.

2. Game
The game consists of a prescribed or agreed number of frames.
3. Match
A match consists of a stipulated or agreed number of games.

4. Balls
(a) The white ball is the cue ball.
(b) 15 Red and 6 Color are object balls.

5. Striker
The person playing or about to play is the Striker and remains so until the referee decides that the player has left the table at the end of his approach.

6. Impact
(a) The shot is made when the striker strikes the cue ball with the cue stick.
(b) The hit is considered legal if no violation of the Rules is committed.
(c) The stroke is not completed until all balls have stopped.
(d) The kick may be made directly or from the side, as follows:
(i) a straight shot when the cue ball hits the object ball without first hitting the board,
(ii) a board shot where the cue ball strikes one or more boards before hitting the object ball.

7. Acting out
An object ball is considered played if, after contact with another ball, and without violating the Rules, it falls into the pocket. The process of pocketing a ball is called potting.

8. Series (Break)
A run (break) is the number of plays on successful shots made by a player during any one approach during a frame.

9. Play from hand
(a) The cue ball is played from hand
(i) before the start of each frame,
(ii) when he is pocketed, or
(iii) when it is knocked off the table, or
(iv) when the Black Ball is re-spotted to determine the winner of a frame if the score is tied.
(b) It remains in this state until
(i) will not be played properly from the hand, or
(ii) no foul will be committed while the cue ball is on the table.
(c) The striker is called in-hand when the cue ball is played in-hand as described above.

10. Ball in play
(a) The cue ball is in play when not played from hand.
(b) Object balls are in play from the start of the frame until they are played or knocked off the table.
(c) Colors are again considered to be in play when fielded.

11. Another ball
Any ball that can, without violating the Rules, be hit with the first touch of the cue ball, or that cannot be hit, but can be played, is considered to be next.

12. Ordered ball
(a) A called ball is an object ball which the striker names or designates in a manner understandable to the referee and which he must hit with his first touch of the cue ball.
(b) When called upon by the referee, the striker must name his chosen ball.

13. Free ball
A loose ball is a ball that the striker orders as the next ball when the cue ball is in the snooker after a foul (see Rule 10 of Part 3).

14. Knocked off the table
A ball is knocked off the table if it comes to rest other than on the playing surface of the table or in a pocket, or if it is picked up by the striker while the ball is in play, except as provided in Rule 14(h) of Part 3.

15. Foul
Any violation of these Rules is considered a foul.

16. Snooker
The cue ball is in snooker (camouflaged) if its path in a straight line when making a direct hit on each ball in progress is completely or partially blocked by a non-stroke ball or balls. If one or more balls on can be hit to the very edges of the ball without interference from any off-balls, then the cue ball is not in the snooker.
(a) When played in hand, the cue ball is in the snooker if it is masked as described above, in all possible positions within Sector (D) or on its line.
(b) If the cue ball is masked by more than one off-ball, then
(i) the ball closest to the cue ball is considered to be an effective masking ball, and
(ii) in the case of balls equidistant from the cue ball, all such balls will be considered to be effectively masking balls.
(c) If the ball on is a Red and the cue ball is masked from being hit by different Reds by different off-balls, then there is no effective masking ball.
(d) The striker is in snooker when the cue ball is masked as described above.
(e) The cue ball cannot be masked by the board. If the curved lip of the pocket blocks the cue ball and is closer to it than any of the masking off-balls, then the cue ball is not in the snooker.

17. Busy point
A point is considered occupied if a ball cannot be placed on it without touching another ball.

18. Pushed through
A push is made when the cue stick remains in contact with the cue ball.
(a) after the cue ball has started to move forward, or
(b) when the cue ball has touched the object ball, unless the cue ball and object ball are almost touching, there will be no push if the cue ball hits the edge of the object ball very thinly.

19. Jump
A jump is made if the cue ball passes over any part of the object ball, whether it touches it in the process or not, except:
(a) when the cue ball first hits an object ball and then jumps another ball,
(b) when the cue ball jumps and hits an object ball but does not land behind that ball,
(c) when, after properly hitting an object ball, the cue ball jumps over that ball after hitting the board or another ball.

20. Miss
A miss is called when the cue ball does not hit the next ball with its first touch and the referee deems that the striker did not make a good enough attempt to hit the next ball.

PART 3. GAME

1. Description
Snooker can be played by two or more players, each for themselves or in a team. Briefly, the game is as follows:
(a) Each player uses the same White cue ball and 21 object balls: 15 Red valued at 1, and 6 colored: Yellow - 2, Green - 3, Brown - 4, Blue - 5, Pink - 6, Black - 7.
(b) Players make scoring shots in their approach by playing alternately Reds and Colors until all Reds are out, then Colors in ascending order of value.
(c) Points awarded for successful hits are added to the Striker's score.
(d) Penalty points for fouls are added to the opponent's score.
(e) A tactic used during a frame is to leave the cue ball behind off-balls so as to disguise it for the next player. If a player or side is behind their opponent in the score by more points than the possible value of all the balls remaining on the table, setting snookers in the hope of gaining points from fouls becomes most important.
(f) The winner of the frame is the player (or side)
(i) the one with the most points,
(ii) to whom the frame is assigned, or
(iii) to whom victory is awarded under Rule 14(c) of Part 3 or Rule 2 of Part 4.
(g) The winner of the game is the player (or side)
(i) who wins more or the required number of frames,
(ii) the highest scorer if the total score is taken into account, or
(iii) to whom victory is awarded under Rule 2 of Part 4.
(h) The winner of the match is the player (or side) who wins the most games or scores the most points when the total points are taken into account.

2. Position of balls
(a) At the start of each frame the cue ball is played in hand and the object balls are set as follows:
(i) Reds - in the shape of a tight equilateral triangle (pyramid), the top ball on the center line of the table above the Pyramid Point, as close to the Pink as possible without touching it, the base of the triangle closer to the top board and parallel to it,
(ii) Yellow - to the right corner of Sector (D),
(iii) Green - to the left corner of Sector (D),
(iv) Brown - to the middle of the Beam line,
(v) Blue - to the Central point,
(vi) Pink - to the Pyramid Point,
(vii) Black - to the Point.
(b) After the start of a frame, a ball in play may only be cleared by the umpire at the reasonable request of the striker and
(i) the position of the ball, if not on the spot, must be marked by a suitable device before the ball is lifted for cleaning,
(ii) the device used to mark the position of a ball being cleaned will be treated as that ball until it is cleaned and replaced. If any player other than the Striker touches or moves the device, he shall be penalized as if he were the Striker, but without changing the order of play. The referee must return the device or ball being cleared to its position at his discretion, even if it has been lifted.

3. Progress of the game
Players determine the order of play by lot or by mutual agreement.
(a) The order of play so determined shall remain unchanged throughout the frame unless the next player requests further play after any foul.
(b) The kickoff players or sides must alternate each frame during the game. (c) The first player plays from hand, the frame begins after the cue ball is placed on the table and comes into contact with the cue stick or
(i) how the stroke is made, or
(ii) while addressing the cue ball.
(d) For a stroke to be valid, none of the offenses described below in Rule 12 Penalties must occur.
(e) For the first shot of each round, until all Reds have left the table, a Red or Red-ordered free ball is the next ball and the value of each Red or Red-ordered free ball played is counted.
(f) (i) If a Red or a free ball ordered by a Red is potted, the same player plays the next stroke and the next ball is any color of the Striker's choice, if potted the value of the color is counted and the color is called.
(ii) The run continues by playing alternately Reds and colored balls until all Reds have left the table and, once this has happened, a colored ball must be played after the last Red played.
(iii) The next color balls are then played in ascending order of value under Rule 1(a) of Part 3, and when the next color is potted, it is not fielded except as provided below in Rule 4, and the striker plays the next color with his next stroke.
(g) Reds are not re-tabled once played or knocked off the table, although a player may benefit from a foul. Exceptions to this rule are provided in Rules 2(b)(ii), 9, 14(f), 14(h) and 15 of Part 3.
(h) If the Striker fails to score or commits a foul, his run ends and the next player plays from where the cue ball stopped, or from the hand if the cue ball is out of play.

4. End of frame, game and match
(a) When only Black remains on the board, the first scoring strike or foul ends the frame unless both of the following conditions are met:
(i) the score is tied and
(ii) the final score does not count.
(b) When both conditions described in (a) above occur:
(i) Black is exhibited,
(ii) players draw lots to choose the order of play,
(iii) the next player takes a kick, and
(iv) the next scoring strike or foul ends the frame.
(c) If the winner of a game or match is determined by the final score and the score is tied at the end of the last frame, then the players in that frame must follow the Black fielding procedure set out in (b) above.

5. Play from hand
When playing from hand, the cue ball must be struck from an inside or line position, but can be played in any direction.
(a) The referee must indicate, if asked, whether the cue ball is properly placed (ie not outside Sector (D)).
(b) If the cue stick touches the cue ball when it is set and the umpire considers that the striker did not attempt the stroke, the cue ball is not in play.

6. Hit two balls at the same time
Two balls other than two Reds or a free ball and an object ball cannot be hit at the same time with the first touch of the cue ball.

7. Exhibition of people of color
Any color played or knocked off the table must be put out before the next stroke is played until final play under Rule 3(f) of Part 3 begins.
(a) A player cannot be held responsible for any errors by the umpire in fielding any ball.
(b) If a color is shown incorrectly after being played in ascending order of value under Rule 3(f)(iii) of Part 3, it must be removed from the table without penalty upon discovery of the error and play must continue.
(c) If a stroke is made with a ball or balls incorrectly lined, they will be considered correctly lined for subsequent strokes. Any person of color wrongfully missing from the table must be shown:
(i) without penalty when it is found to be missing due to a previous oversight,
(ii) with a penalty to the player if the striker plays before the umpire could field the ball.
(d) If a color is to be fielded and his own spot is occupied, he must be placed on the free spot of the highest value ball.
(e) If more than one color needs to be fielded and their own spots are occupied, the higher value ball has priority in the fielding order.
(f) If all the points are occupied, the color must be placed as close as possible to his own point, between that point and the nearest part of the top board.
(g) In the case of Pink and Black, if all the points are occupied and there is no free space between the corresponding point and the nearest part of the top board, then the color must be placed as close as possible to his own point on the center line of the table below the point.
(h) In any case when a color is spotted, it must not touch another ball.
(i) To be correctly fielded, a colored ball must be placed by hand on the spot designated in these Rules.

8. Touching ball
(a) If the cue ball stops touching another ball or balls that is or may be on, the referee must call a Touching Ball and indicate which ball or balls the cue ball is touching.
(b) When a touching ball is called, the striker must play the cue ball away from that ball without causing it to move, otherwise a pass will be called.
(c) If the striker keeps the object ball stationary, there will be no penalty if: (i) the ball is another,
(ii) the ball may be on and the striker declares it as such, or
(iii) this ball could be the next ball, but the striker declares another ball to be next and hits it with his first touch.
(d) If the cue ball stops touching or nearly touching an off-ball, the umpire, if asked about touching, must answer “Yes” or “No”. The striker must play away from it without touching it as described above, but must hit the next ball.
(e) When the cue ball touches both an on and off ball at the same time, the referee must point only to the off ball that is touching. If the striker asks the referee whether the cue ball is touching an off-ball, he must answer.
(f) If the official is satisfied that any movement of the ball in contact at the moment of the stroke was not caused by the action of the striker, he shall not call a foul.
(g) If a stationary object ball not touching the cue ball during the referee's check comes into contact with the cue ball before the shot is made, the balls must be reset by the referee at his discretion.

9. Ball on the edge of the pocket
(a) If a ball falls into a pocket without being hit by another ball, without in any way participating in any stroke, it must be replaced and all points scored must be counted.
(b) If it could have been struck by any ball involved in the stroke:
(i) without breaking these Rules, then all balls are replaced and the same stroke is repeated, or another stroke is made at the discretion of the same striker,
(ii) with a foul, then the striker must be penalized, all balls must be put back and the next player has the normal choice after a foul.
(c) If a ball balances briefly on the edge of a pocket and then falls into the pocket, it is considered to have fallen into the pocket and is not replaced.

10. Snooker after a foul
After a foul, if the cue ball is masked, the umpire must call a free ball (see Rule 16 Part 2).
(a) If the next player in his approach decides to take the stroke himself, then
(i) he may order any ball as a regular one, and
(ii) any ball ordered shall be treated as a regular ball for its value, except that, if played, it shall be fielded.
(b) A foul will be called if the cue ball
(i) fails to hit the ordered ball first, or at the same time as the next ball, or
(ii) will be masked from all Reds or object balls by the ordered free ball, unless only Pink and Black object balls remain on the table.
(c) If a loose ball is played, it is spotted and the value of the next ball is counted.
(d) If the next ball is played after the cue ball has hit the first ball ordered, or ordered at the same time as the next ball, the next ball is counted and remains out of the table.
(e) If a booked ball and a ball are played, only the next ball counts, except in the case of Red balls in which the value of each ball played counts. The free ball is then fielded and the next ball remains out of the table.
(f) If, at the request of the opponent, the offender plays again, the free ball call is void.

11. Fouls
If a foul is committed, the referee must immediately call a Foul.
(a) If the striker does not make a stroke, his approach ends immediately and the referee must call a penalty.
(b) If a stroke is made, the referee must wait for the stroke to be completed before calling a penalty.
(c) If a foul is not called by the official and is not called for by the non-striker before the next stroke is made, then no foul is called.
(d) Any incorrectly placed color must remain where it is placed, unless it is not on the table when it should have been correctly placed.
(e) All points scored in the series before the foul are scored, but the striker is not awarded any points for any pocketed balls on a foul hit.
(f) The next shot is played from where the cue ball stopped, or played from hand if it is off the table.
(g) If more than one foul is committed during a stroke, the highest penalty will be assessed.
(h) Player who committed the foul
(i) receives the penalty prescribed in Rule 12 below, and
(ii) must play the next stroke if requested by the next player.

12. Fines
All fouls are subject to a penalty of four points unless a greater is specified in paragraphs (a) through (d) below. Fines are imposed:
(a) In the amount of the cost of the next ball for
(i) hitting the cue ball more than once,
(ii) striking with both feet off the floor,
(iii) playing out of turn,
(iv) illegal hand play, including kickoff,
(v) the cue ball misses all object balls,
(vi) the cue ball falls into a pocket,
(vii) snooker for a loose ball,
(viii) jump,
(ix) playing with a non-standard cue, or
(x) conferring with a partner contrary to Rule 17(e) of Part 3.
(b) In the amount of the value of the next ball or the one involved, if more expensive, for
(i) a stroke when any ball has not stopped,
(ii) a strike before the referee has completed his marking of the colour,
(iii) an off-ball falls into a pocket,
(iv) hitting an off-ball with the first touch of the cue ball,
(v) committing a push,
(vi) touching a ball in play other than the cue stick when making a stroke, or
(vii) knocking the ball off the table.
(c) To the value of the ball in play, or the greater of the two balls when they are first hit with the cue ball at the same time, except when there are two Reds or a loose ball and a ball in the ball at the spot.
(d) To the extent of seven points if the striker
(i) uses an off-table ball for any purpose,
(ii) uses any object to measure intervals or distances,
(iii) plays the Reds, or the free ball awarded by the Reds, in successive strokes,
(iv) uses any ball other than the White ball as the cue ball for any stroke from the start of the frame,
(v) makes a mistake in calling the next ball when asked to do so by the referee,
(vi) after potting a Red or a free ball ordered by a Red, commits a foul before calling a colour.

13. Play again
Once a player has requested the opponent to play again after a foul, such request cannot be withdrawn. The offender who is asked to play again has the right
(a) change your intentions regarding
(i) what stroke he will perform, and
(ii) what next ball he will try to hit,
(b) score points for any ball or balls he may play.

14. Foul and Miss
The striker must, with all his skill, try to hit the next ball. If the judge believes that the Rule has been violated, then he must declare a Foul and Miss, unless there is only one Black ball left on the table, or a situation has arisen where it is impossible to hit the next ball. In the latter case, it is permissible for the striker to attempt to hit the next ball, directly or off the rail, hard enough, in the opinion of the referee, to reach the object ball from behind the masking balls.
(a) After calling a Foul and a Miss, the next player may, at his discretion, require the offender to play again from the position abandoned, or from the original position, in the latter case the next ball must be the same as that which was before the last stroke made, and exactly:
(i) any Red ball when Red is the next one,
(ii) another color when there are no Reds left on the table,
(iii) a color of the striker's choice when the next ball is a color after potting Red.
(b) If the striker, in making a stroke, fails to hit the on ball with his first touch when there is a clear path in a straight line from the cue ball to any part of any ball on, or may be on, the referee shall call a Foul and Miss, unless any of the players does not need to snooker before or as a result of the shot, and the referee is satisfied that the miss was not intentional.
(c) After a miss has been declared under (b) above, when there is a clear path in a straight line from the cue ball to the ball on, or may be on, such that head-on (full) contact is possible (in the case of Reds, this is the full diameter of any Red , not disguised by colored ones), then:
(i) if the next ball is missed again while making a stroke from the same position, a Foul and Miss will be called regardless of the difference in the score, and
(ii) if called to play again from the original position, the offender must be warned by the referee that a third miss will result in the opponent being awarded the frame.
(d) If, after the cue ball has been restored under this Rule to a position where there is a clear path in a straight line from the cue ball to any part of any ball on or likely to be on, and the striker fouls any ball, including the cue ball, in preparation for execution of a strike, then a miss is not declared if the strike is not completed. In this case, an appropriate fine will be imposed and
(i) the next player may choose whether to take the stroke himself or require the offender to play again from the position left behind, or
(ii) the next player may ask the referee to restore the original position and the offender to play again, and
(iii) if the above situation occurs when consecutive misses are declared, then any warning of a possible award of victory in the frame to his opponent remains valid.
(e) All other misses are declared at the discretion of the referee.
(f) After a miss and a call from the next player to reset the cue ball, any displaced object balls must remain in place unless the referee considers that the offender may gain, or gains, an advantage. In the latter case, any or all of the dislodged balls may be replaced at the discretion of the referee and, in any case, the color(s) illegally missing from the table must be replaced or moved accordingly.
(g) When any ball moves after a miss, the offender and his opponent may consult as to position, after which the referee's decision shall be final.
(h) During such consultation, if any player touches any play ball, he shall be penalized as if he were the striker, without changing the order of play. The affected ball may be repositioned by the referee, if necessary, at his discretion, even if it has been lifted.
(i) The next player may ask the umpire his intentions to move balls other than the cue ball if he asks his opponent to play from the original position, and the umpire must communicate his intentions.

15. Ball moved by someone other than the striker
If a ball, stationary or moving, is moved by someone other than the striker, it must be placed by the umpire on the spot where, in his opinion, the ball was or could have stopped, without penalty.
(a) This rule shall include cases where some event or person other than the striker's partner causes the striker to move the ball.
(b) No player may be penalized for any movement of balls by the umpire.

16. Stalemate
If the judge believes that a stalemate has arisen or is approaching on the table, then he must ask the players to immediately replay the frame. If any player objects, the referee must allow play to continue with the condition that the situation must change within a designated period, usually after three more strokes on each side, but at the discretion of the referee. If the situation remains substantially unchanged after the stated period has expired, then the umpire must void all points and re-set all balls as for the start of the frame, and
(a) the same player must take the kick-off again,
(b) the same order of play must be maintained.

17. Snooker for couples
(a) In doubles play, each side must begin frames alternately and the order of play must be determined at the beginning of each frame and thereafter maintained throughout that frame.
(b) Players may change the order of play at the start of each new frame.
(c) If a foul is committed and a call to play again is made, the player who committed the foul takes the kick again, even if the foul was made outside his approach, and the original order of play is maintained so that the offender's partner may miss his approach.
(d) When a frame ends in a draw, Rule 4 of Part 3 applies. If there is a need to field Black again, the pair making the first stroke choose which of them will make that stroke. The order of play should then be stored as in the frame.
(e) Partners may confer during the frame, but not
(i) while one of them is the Striker and is at the table, and
(ii) after the first hit of the batter's approach until the series ends.

18. Use of auxiliary equipment
It is the batter's responsibility to place and remove any equipment he may use at the table.
(a) The batter is responsible for any items, including (but not limited to) coasters and extensions, that he brings to the table, whether owned or borrowed (except from the umpire), and he will be penalized for any fouls made them when using this equipment.
(b) Equipment normally found at the table that is provided by another party, including the umpire, is not the responsibility of the batter. If this equipment is found to be defective and the striker therefore touches the ball or balls, no foul will be called. The umpire will, if necessary, rearrange any balls in accordance with Rule 15 of this section and the striker will be allowed to continue without penalty.

19. Interpretation of the rules
(a) Throughout these Rules and Definitions, words implying the masculine gender shall be equally treated and include the feminine gender.
(b) Circumstances may alter the application of the Rules to persons with disabilities. In particular, for example:
(i) Rule 12(a)(ii) of Part 3 shall not apply to players in a wheelchair, and
(ii) the player, upon request from the referee, must be told the color of the ball if he is unable to distinguish between colors, for example, red and green.
(c) When there is no referee, for example in a friendly game, the opposing player or side may, for the purpose of complying with these Rules, act as referee.

PART 4. PLAYERS

1. Behavior
When:
(a) the player takes a disproportionate amount of time to play or select a stroke, or
(b) the player's conduct is, in the opinion of the referee, willfully or persistently incorrect, or
(c) any other behavior by the player that could be considered ungentlemanly, or
(d) refusal to continue the frame,
the judge must, or:
(e) warn the player that if such behavior continues, the frame will be awarded to his opponent, or
(f) award the frame to his opponent, or
(g) if the conduct is extremely serious, award the game to his opponent.
If the referee has warned the player under point (e) above, if such conduct as discussed above continues, the referee must either:
(a) award the frame to an opponent, or
(b)if further conduct is extremely serious, award the game to his opponent.
If the referee has awarded the frame to a player's opponent under the provisions above, if further conduct continues as discussed above, the referee must award the frame to his opponent.
Any decision by the referee to award a frame and/or game victory to a player's opponent shall be final and not subject to appeal.

2. Punishment
(a) If a frame is awarded under this Part, the offender:
(i) loses the frame, and
(ii) loses all points scored and the opponent receives a number of points equivalent to the value of the remaining balls on the table: 8 points for each Red, and any color illegally missing from the table is counted as if it had been spotted.
(b) If a game is awarded under this Part, the offender:
(i) plays the frame as described in (a) above, and
(ii) additionally plays the required number of unplayed frames to complete the game, where necessary, or
(iii) additionally loses the remaining frames, each worth 147 points, if the total score applies.

3. Unbeatable
When the Striker is playing, his opponent must avoid being or moving within the Striker's line of sight. He should sit or stand at a reasonable distance from the table.

4. Absence
In the event of his absence from the hall, the non-hitter may appoint a representative to monitor his interests and call for a foul if necessary. The judge must be notified of such an appointment before leaving.

5. Concession
(a) A player may only concede when he is the striker. The opponent has the right to accept or refuse the concession, which becomes null and void if the opponent chooses to continue the game.
(b) When the total score is applied and the frame is conceded, the value of all remaining balls on the table is added to the other side's score. In this case, 8 points are counted for each Red, and any color illegally missing from the table is counted as if it had been exposed.
(c) a player may not concede a frame in any match unless snookers are involved. Any violation of this Rule must be punished as ungentlemanly behavior by the player.

PART 5. OFFICIALS

1. Judge
(a) The referee must:
(i) be the only one who decides whether the game is correct or not,
(ii) be independent in making decisions in the interests of fair play in any situation not fully covered by these Rules,
(iii) be responsible for ensuring that the game is played in accordance with these Rules,
(iv) intervene if he sees any violation of these Rules,
(v) tell the player the color of the ball if required, and
(vi) clear any ball as reasonably requested by the player.
(b) The referee must not
(i) answer any question not explained in the Rules,
(ii) give any clue that the player is about to make an illegal shot,
(iii) give advice or give an opinion that may affect the course of the game, or
(iv) answer any question regarding the difference in billing.
(c) If the referee does not notice any episode, he may, at his discretion, question the marker, other officials or spectators who had a better view, or look at photographic/video footage of the episode, to assist in his decision.

2. Marker
The marker must keep score on the scoreboard and assist the referee in performing his duties. If necessary, he must also perform the duties of a protocol officer.

3. Protocol Officer
The scorekeeper shall keep a record of each stroke taken, reporting fouls where appropriate and the number of points scored by each player or side as required. He must also record the series made.

4. Help from officials
(a) At the request of the Striker, the umpire or marker shall remove and hold any lighting equipment that interferes with the Striker's actions in making a stroke.
(b) It is acceptable for a referee or marker to provide necessary assistance to disabled players, as appropriate.

At the beginning of the game, there are 15 red balls arranged in a pyramid and 6 colored balls on the gaming table, each of which is located at a certain mark on the table. The white ball (cue ball) is used to hit colored balls. Players must alternately pocket red and colored balls. While the red balls remain on the table, the pocketed colored balls are placed in their positions. The player who scores the most points wins. If the players score (after potting all the balls) the same number of points, the frame is completed with one black ball. In snooker, a “stalemate” situation is possible when hitting the red balls does not contribute to the continuation of the frame. In this case, by agreement of the players and the referee, the frame begins again.

"Price" of balls:

• red ball - 1 point,
• yellow ball - 2 points,
• green ball - 3 points,
• brown ball - 4 points,
• blue ball - 5 points,
• pink ball - 6 points,
• black ball - 7 points.

The highest possible number of points for one series is 147 (without a free ball) and 155 (with a free ball). A run of 147 points (or 155 points with a free ball) is called a "max run" or "max break". To get maximum points, the player must pot all the red balls, potting a black ball after each red ball, and then pot all the colored balls in order of seniority.

Glossary

• cue ball- a white ball that is used to hit colored balls.
• Break- a continuous series of strikes by one player.
• Screw- giving the cue ball rotation when hitting it with a cue.
• Double- doublet (putting the ball into a pocket not directly, but when bouncing off the side of the table).
• Double kiss- double collision between the cue ball and the object ball.
• Kix- an unsuccessful blow with a cue ball.
• Cluster- a cluster of two or more balls standing close to each other.
• Clearance- pocketing balls until the table is completely clear;
  • Total ground clearance- pocketing all (from the first to the last) balls.
• Cross-double- intersection of the trajectories of the cue ball and the object ball.
• Cuing- possession (operation) of a cue.
• Cannon- unexpected or intentional collision of the cue ball with other balls.
• Miss- failure to hit the target ball with the cue ball.
• Misskew- impact failure caused by technical defects.
• Wagering- hitting the object ball not with the purpose of pocketing it, but with the purpose of moving the cue ball into a difficult position for the opponent (if possible, into a snooker state).
• Frame replay:
  • Re-rack- replay of the frame in case of a “stalemate” situation;
  • Replay in black(English) re-spot black) - when, after potting the last ball, the score in the frame becomes equal, the black ball is placed on its mark and a lot is drawn, according to the results of which one of the players receives the right to strike first. The frame continues until black is pocketed or a foul is committed.
• Plant- playing the required ball through the ball (rarely through two), which is hit with the cue ball (the player hits the object ball, which hits another ball falling into the pocket).
• Object ball- the ball that is hit.
• cutting- the angle at which the cue ball is sent to the object ball.
• Rest(varieties: spider-rest, rest swan neck) - a special device on which a cue is placed if playing from the hand is difficult or impossible.
• loose ball- This is the ball that the striker orders as another when the cue ball is snookered (a position where the full size of the object ball is not visible) after a foul.
• Century- a continuous streak of one player (break) of 100 points.
• Snooker:
  • the actual name of the game;
  • position on the gaming table when cue ball closed from object ball another ball and cannot reach it in a straight line from both sides. This situation occurs not only in snooker but also in other billiard games, for example in pool (where it is also called mask).
• Fluke- accidental entry of a ball into a pocket without violation.
• Foul(or fine) - violation of the rules by a player during the game. When a penalty is announced, the right to strike is transferred to the opponent and he is awarded additional points (from 4 to 7).
• Frame- one game in snooker.
• Frame ball- a ball, when scored, the player gains more points than those potentially available on the table. Most often, this ball is the winning ball in the frame, but the losing player has the opportunity to win the frame due to “artificial” snookers and the opponent’s fouls for them;
  • Match ball- frame ball, due to which the entire match is won.
• English Touching ball - a situation where the cue ball stands together with the ball that can be played by touching it (that is, if the turn to play is red, and the cue ball is in contact with the colored one, and vice versa, a touching ball is not assigned).

Snooker - complete rules

Snooker(English) Snooker) is a type of billiard game. This originated and is most widespread billiards In Great Britain.

Rules of the game

THESE RULES HAVE BEEN APPROVED AND ACCEPTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF BILLIARDS AND SNOOKER, AS WELL AS THE INTERNATIONAL
BY THE PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BILLIARDS AND SNOOKER IN SEPTEMBER 1995.

1. EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

1.1. Standard table
1. Dimensions: The playing surface, enclosed between elastic sides, must have dimensions of 3569 mm x 1778 mm. The permissible deviation for both dimensions is ±13 mm.
2. Height: the height of the table from the floor to the top side of the side (handrail) ranges from 850 to 875 mm.
3. Pockets:
a) The table must have four pockets in the corners and two pockets in the middle of the long sides;
b) The dimensions and shape of the pockets must comply with the standards of the World Professional Canon and Snooker Association.
4. Beam line and beam: The straight line parallel to the front board and spaced 737 mm from it (1/5 of the length of the playing surface) is called the beam line, and the space between it and the front board is called the beam.
5. Sector “D”: Sector “D” is a semicircle, described towards the beam, with a center in the middle of the beam line and a radius of 292 mm (1/6 of the width of the playing surface).
6. Marks: There are four marks on the center longitudinal line of the table.
1) Special mark (black ball mark) - at a distance of 324 mm (1/11 of the length of the playing surface) from the backboard.
2) Center mark - in the center of the playing surface of the table.
3) Pyramid mark - at an equal distance from the center mark and the backboard.

1.2. Balls
1. Balls must have a diameter of 52.5 mm. Permissible deviation ± 0.05 mm.
2. The weight of the balls must be the same. The permissible deviation is:
a) 3 g - in a snooker set
b) 0.5 g - in the set for Canon.
Note: by mutual agreement of the players or by decision of the referee, a ball or the entire set of balls can be replaced.
Cue
The length of the cue must be at least 914 mm, and its shape must not differ significantly from the traditional and generally accepted one.
Accessories
You can use clippers to support the cue.
Note: Players are responsible for carefully installing and promptly removing the machine from the table.

2. DEFINITION OF TERMS

2.1. Frame* (draw)
The frame ends:
1) either after the opponent admitted defeat,
2) either after the last black ball has been correctly pocketed, or a violation has been committed while hitting it.

2.2. Game (game)
A game consists of an agreed number of frames.
* In domestic billiard practice, the concepts of “frame” (draw) and “game” (game) coincide, i.e. a game consists of one draw. (Translator's note.)

2.3. Match (meeting)
A match consists of an agreed number of games.

2.4. Balls
1. White ball - cue ball.
2. 15 red
3. 6 colored balls - aiming balls.

2.5. playing
The participant preparing to make or making a strike is the player and remains so until the completion of the strike or series (clauses 2.6 and 2.12).

2.6. Hit
1. The cue ball is struck with a cue stick.
2. The blow is considered correct if the following requirements are met:
a) at the moment of impact, all balls must be motionless, and the colored ones (if necessary) must be exposed;
b) the cue ball must be hit, not pushed (pushed);
c) when performing one stroke, the sticker should not touch the cue ball more than once;
d) at the moment the kick is executed, at least one foot of the player must touch the floor;
e) the player must not touch any other balls except the cue ball in accordance with clause 6-a;
e) the ball or balls must not jump overboard.
3. The stroke is considered completed after all the balls have stopped and the player, in the opinion of the referee, has moved away from the table.

2.7. Out of the game
1. The cue ball is out of play if it falls into a pocket or goes overboard.
2. He remains out of play until he is put into play by an in-hand stroke or until any violation is committed after the cue ball has been placed.

2.8. Ball in game
1. The cue ball is in play in all cases not falling under clause 2.7.
2. Object balls are in play after fielding and remain so until they fall into a pocket or go overboard.
Note: A cue may be used to set the cue ball if the player, in the opinion of the referee, is not attempting to make a shot. In this case, the cue ball remains out of play, even if the cue stick touches the cue ball.

2.9. Next ball (ball in play)
The next object ball is the one that must first touch the cue ball after the shot is struck.

2.10. Declared ball
A declared object is an object ball that the player announces (or points to the referee) as the next one.
Note: at the request of the referee, the player must announce the next ball.

2.11. Played (pocketed ball)
1. An object ball is considered potted if, after colliding with another ball and in full compliance with these Rules, it falls into a pocket.
2. If a color is played, then it should be placed before the next blow is struck, until it is finally played in accordance with clause 3.3.
If a strike is made with incorrectly placed or unplaced balls and this violation was not recorded in a timely manner, then:
a) the balls that were on the table are considered to be correctly placed,
b) balls that are outside the table are placed after they are discovered.
Notes: 1). The player must ensure that all balls are positioned correctly before striking.
2). Except for special cases specified in paragraphs. 7.3.8 and 7.3.12, the positions of the red balls are never restored, notwithstanding that the offending player may gain any positional advantage as a result.

2.12. Series
1. If the ball is played, then the next stroke is made by the same player.
2. A streak is a sequence of scoring hits by the same player.

2.13. Popped balls
1. The ball is considered to have jumped out if, after being hit, it did not stop on the playing surface of the table and did not fall into the pocket.
2. If a colored jumps out, then before the next blow is struck it is set in accordance with clause 7.3.6.
2.14. Violation (foul)
A violation is any act that contradicts these Rules.

2.15. Mask (snooker)
1. A mask is a position in which masking (not next) object balls do not allow a direct hit with the cue ball on the next feast.
Note: there is no mask if a direct hit is possible on at least one of the next balls.
2. If a shot is made from the hand, then the cue ball is masked only if it is impossible to directly hit the next ball from any position inside or along the boundaries of sector “D”.
3. If the cue ball is masked by more than one ball, then the one closest to the cue ball is called the effective masking ball.

2.16. Lip hold
1. The cue ball is considered to be placed behind the lip of the pocket if the lip of the pocket does not allow a direct hit to the next object ball.
Note: the cue ball is not considered to be placed by the lip if a direct hit is possible on at least one of the next balls. If the cue ball is placed by the lip in violation of the Rules, then
1. the judge states this fact, after which
2. The player can, if desired, strike with his hand from the sector.

2.17. Occupied mark
A mark is considered occupied if a ball cannot be placed on it without touching another ball.

2.18. Pushed through
A pass is an illegal shot in which the cue stick remains in contact with the cue ball:
1) after the cue ball has touched the object ball;
2) after the cue ball has begun to move forward independently. If the cue ball and the object ball almost touch each other, then the shot made at the extreme cut is considered correct.

2.19. Jump
A hop is a shot in which the cue ball first jumps over a masking object ball and then hits the next object ball (rather than the other way around).
Note 1: if the jumping cue ball lands on the other side of the next ball, then the cue ball is considered to have jumped over it, even if it touched the next ball in flight (i.e. the hit is considered as a miss on the next ball).
Note 2: if the cue ball hits the board after hitting the next ball and then jumps over the next ball, then the shot is considered correct.

2.20. Miss
A miss is a shot in which the cue ball, in the opinion of the referee, did not hit the next ball.

3. GAME

3.1. Description
Snooker is played on an English billiard table. There can be two or more players, divided into teams or each for himself.
The winner is the player or team with the most points, or the one who is awarded the victory in the game. Each player uses the same white cue ball. The 21 object balls include 15 red ones worth one point and 6 colored ones: yellow - 2 points, green - 3, brown - 4, blue - 5, pink - 6, black - 7. Scoring shots are made by playing red and colored alternately until until there is not a single red ball left on the table, after which the colored ones are played in ascending order of their value, i.e. from yellow to black.

3.2. Ball placement
Before the start of each frame, the object balls are positioned as follows:
black - for a special mark,
pink - on the pyramidal mark,
blue - to the central mark,
brown - in the middle of the beam line,
green - in the left corner of the sector,
yellow - in the right corner of the sector,
red - in the shape of a triangle with the top as close as possible to the pink ball, but not close, and the base parallel to the back board.
Note: Positions are usually named by the color of the object ball, eg black mark, pink mark, etc.

3.3. Playing the game
3.3.1. By drawing lots, the participants decide in what order they will play, and this order (except for the cases specified in section 3.10) must remain unchanged throughout the entire frame.
Note: The order of the first strike in each subsequent frame during the same game changes.
3.2.2. The frame begins with a blow from the hand from sector “D”.
3.3.3. The cue ball must:
a) touch the next ball and
b) Don't fall into a pocket.
3.3.4. Not another ball should fall into the pocket.
3.3.5. The following conditions are met:
a) as long as there are red balls on the table, they are the next ones when performing the first hit of each new series;
b) in the case of a scoring strike, the value of each red ball played or a ball declared as red is counted.
3.3.6. If a red is played, then the next ball in play is a colored one. If a color is played correctly, the player is credited with its value, after which the ball is exposed.
3.3.7. The following conditions are met:
a) while red balls remain on the table, the series continues by alternately playing red and colored ones;
b) after this, colored ones become the next ones in order of increasing their value (clause 3.2), which after playing are no longer displayed (except for special cases specified below);
c) if the player fails to make a successful shot, then the opponent entering the game plays from the place where the cue ball stopped.
3.3.8. If there is only one black ball left on the table, the frame ends after the first hit or foul, unless the score is then tied, in which case proceed as follows:
a) black is displayed,
b) by drawing lots they determine who will make the next blow,
c) the game continues with a blow from the hand from the sector,
d) the frame ends after the first successful hit or foul.
Note: If there is an aggregate score in a set or match, the above rule only applies if the score is tied after the end of the last frame.
3.3.9. The player must, to the best of his strength and ability, try to hit the next ball. Otherwise, the judge declares a mistake.
Note: if it is impossible to hit the next ball, it is considered that the player is trying to hit it.

3.4. Hand strike from the sector
The hand shot is made after placing the cue ball inside or on the border of sector “D”. Note: If necessary, the referee must answer the question of whether the cue ball is positioned correctly.

3.5. Hitting the cue ball into two balls at the same time
The cue ball must not hit two balls at the same time, unless both balls are red or one is free and the other is regular.

3.6. Exhibiting Coloreds
3.6.1. If it is necessary to place a colored ball, but its own mark is occupied, then it is placed on the free mark of the highest value.
3.6.2. If more than one color is fielded and their own marks are occupied, then priority is given to the ball of higher value.
3.6.3. If all the marks are occupied, then the color one is placed as close as possible to its own mark on the side of the rear side.
3.6.4. If, in the case of black or pink, all the space on the longitudinal line between its own mark and the back board is occupied, then the ball is placed on the longitudinal line as close as possible to its own mark from the front side.

3.7. Balls touching
3.7.1. If the cue ball touches another ball, which is or may be the next one, then the referee determines the contact of the balls.
3.7.2. In this case, the player must strike away from him, otherwise he will be pushed through.
3.7.3. There is no penalty for hitting away from the ball if:
a) the ball is not another,
b) the ball is next, and the player announces it, or
c) the next ball, and the player announces and strikes another ball.
Note: if, in the opinion of the referee, the ball in contact has moved from its place for reasons beyond the control of the player, then no penalty will be imposed.

3.8. Ball hanging on the edge of a pocket
3.8.1. If a ball falls into a pocket without colliding with another ball, it is restored to its original place.
3.8.2. If the hanging ball could have been hit by any other ball that had started to move as a result of the blow, but fell into the pocket before colliding with it, then all the balls are restored to their original positions and the blow is repeated again. If a violation is committed, then a fine is imposed on the player and all balls are restored to their original positions (except for the case specified in clause 3.10c).
3.8.3. If a ball pauses for a moment on the edge of a pocket and then falls into it, it is not recovered.

3.9. loose ball
3.9.1. If the cue ball is masked after a violation, the referee declares a free ball.
3.9.2. If the opponent takes the hit in this case, he can declare any object ball to be the next one.
3.9.3. When performing this strike, the announced ball (in all respects except clause 3.9.5a) is considered as another and is equal to it in value.
3.9.4. The rules are considered violated if:
a) the cue ball did not touch (first) the free ball,
b) after the strike, the cue ball turned out to be masked by a free ball (except for the case when only pink and black remained on the table).
3.9.5. If the free ball is played then
a) he is exhibiting,
b) the player is credited with the cost of the next ball.
3.9.6. If another ball is played, its value is counted.
3.9.7. If both a free ball and a regular one are played, then only the value of the next ball is counted (except for the case specified in clause 3.3b).

3.10. Violations
3.10.1. If a violation is committed:
a) the referee immediately calls a foul and, after completing the kick, announces a penalty;
b) if the referee did not record the violation, and the opponent did not declare it before the next blow, then it remains without consequences;
c) all incorrectly placed balls remain in their places, and those not placed are put out;
d) when imposing or claiming a fine, all previously scored points are taken into account;
e) the next shot is made from the place where the cue ball stopped.
3.10.2. If several violations are committed during the execution of one blow, then only one, but the maximum penalty provided for the most serious violation, is imposed.
3.10.3. a) The player who committed the violation is subject to a fine as provided for in the Rules, and penalty points are added to the opponent’s current score;
b) in addition, at the request of the opponent, the offender is obliged to make the next blow;
c) if the Rule set out in clause 3.3 is violated, then at the request of the opponent the offender is obliged to strike from the starting position.

3.11. Fines
For the following violations, a fine is imposed in the prescribed amount, but not less than four points.
3.11.1. In the amount of the cost of the next ball: per strike
a) until the balls come to a complete stop (clause 2.6),
b) on the cue ball more than once (clause 2.6),
c) with both legs lifted off the floor (clause 2.6),
d) out of turn (clause 3.3),
e) incorrectly by hand (clause 3.4), for:
e) miss on all object balls (clause 3.3),
g) the cue ball falls into the pocket (clause 3.3),
h) masking the cue ball with a free ball (clause 3.9),
i) jump over the next ball (clause 2.19).
3.11.2. In the amount of the cost of the regular or corresponding non-regular ball for:
a) the wrong ball falls into the pocket (clause 3.3),
b) the cue ball touches a different ball for the first time (clause 3.3),
c) pushed through (clause 2.18),
d) striking with an incorrectly positioned ball (clause 2.11),
e) touching the ball other than with the cue stick during a correct shot (clause 2.6),
e) a popped ball (clause 2.13).
3.11.3. In the amount of the cost of the next ball or two balls (whichever is greater) if the cue ball hits these two balls at the same time, with the exception of two red ones or a free one and the next ball (clause 3.5).
3.11.4. A penalty of seven points is imposed if the player
a) violates the Rules after the red is played, but before the color is announced;
b) uses balls that are out of play for one purpose or another;
c) plays red when it’s color’s turn;
d) uses a non-white ball as a cue ball.

3.12. Outside influence
If a stationary or moving ball is disturbed due to any extraneous influence not related to the player, then the referee restores it to its original place.
Note: this also includes the case when, due to some outside intervention, the player himself touches the ball. The player is also not responsible if the balls are disturbed due to any direct or indirect influence on the part of the referee.

3.13. Stalemate position
If there is a stalemate on the table, the referee must warn the players that if the situation does not change soon, the frame will be declared void. After that, it is replayed maintaining the same order of participants.

3.14. Doubles snooker
3.14.1. In doubles play, each pair takes turns starting the next frame. The order of play of the participants is determined before the start of each frame and must remain unchanged during the frame.
3.14.2. Before the start of each frame, the order of participants may be changed.
3.14.3. If a violation is committed, then at the request of the opponent the offender makes the next blow, while the accepted order is maintained.
3.14.4. If the frame ends in a draw, then clause 3.3 comes into force. In this case, the pair that received the right to the first strike has the right to choose the order of players, which remains until the end of the frame.
3.14.5. During the game, partners can confer with each other, except when one of them is the player and is at the table, and also if he has already started his series.

4. PARTICIPANTS

4.1. Slow Play
If a player, in the opinion of the referee, spends too much time on the kick, the referee warns him of possible disqualification.

4.2. Unsportsmanlike conduct
If a player refuses to continue playing or, in the opinion of the referee, deliberately and systematically behaves in an unsportsmanlike manner, then he is considered a loser in the game and is disqualified from further participation in the competition.

4.3. Sanctions
If a player is awarded victory under the conditions specified above, then the offender
a) a loss in the game is counted,
b) the points he scored are canceled, and the opponent is awarded the value of all the balls remaining on the table (eight points are counted for each red one).
Note: If an aggregate score is kept, the offender also loses 147 points for each remaining unplayed frame.

4.4. Free opponent
When performing a kick, the opponent must not stand or move within the player’s field of vision. He should sit or stand at a sufficient distance from the table.

4.5. Absent Rival
If an opponent leaves the competition premises for a while, he can leave behind his representative, who protects his interests and, if necessary, reports a violation to the judge.

5. OFFICIALS

5.1. Judge
1. The judge is obliged:
a) make the final decision on all gaming issues and be responsible for strict compliance with these Rules;
b) intervene in case of any violation;
c) if the player is color blind, suggest the color of the ball at his request;
d) at the request of the players, wipe the balls.
2. A judge must not:
a) answer questions not provided for by these Rules;
b) in any way warn the player that he is about to make an illegal shot;
c) give advice or express an opinion about the game.
3. If the referee did not notice any moment of the game, then he can make a decision based on a survey of witnesses who had the best opportunity to observe what happened.
Note: The judge must answer the question about the difference in points.

5.2. Secretary
The scorekeeper must keep score on the display board and assist the referee in performing his duties. Note: At the request of the player, the referee or scorer may move the light source if any shadow may affect the execution of the stroke.

6. MODIFIED RULES FOR DISABLED PERSONS

In addition to the existing Rules for Wheelchair Players, the following provisions are made:
1. They must remain in a sitting position.
2. They should keep their feet on a footrest or stand at some distance from the floor.
In addition, the judge must help participants who have difficulty installing and removing the machine from the table. Players must inform the referee or appropriate official in advance that they will require this type of assistance during the game.