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SPORTS NUTRITION
PREPARED BY: student of class 10A of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 7, Chulman village Daria Starkova
FC teacher: Vlasova N.V.
In physical training, in addition to rationally constructed knowledge, the organization of proper nutrition is of great importance, ensuring the acceleration of recovery processes after training loads and the high performance of those involved. The diet should be approached from a rational perspective.
BASIC NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:-The food consumed should not be heavy -Food should have high taste -Food should be complete and varied -Food intake should be regular, fractional, and at the same hours -Food should correspond to the calorie standard -Food should be rich vitamins and microelements
Food contains energy-rich nutrients, proteins, vitamins, salts, microelements, fiber, water and other components necessary for normal life. Energy in food is contained in the form of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Conventionally, all the nutrients that we consume in food can be divided into 3 main components - proteins, fats and carbohydrates (BJC). The optimal proportions of BJC for the average person look like this:
NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY SUBSTANCES
However, it is worth noting that the diet of athletes, especially those working out in the gym, should contain noticeably more protein than for the average person. Therefore, for athletes, the amount of protein should be shifted upward and this will be done at the expense of fat. It should also be taken into account that 2-3 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight is considered ideal for gaining muscle mass for men. For women, the amount of protein should be reduced to 1-1.5 g. The final result for athletes will look like this: Proteins: 20% Fats: 15% Carbohydrates: 65%
SOURCES OF BJU FOR ATHLETES:
Proteins Fats Carbohydrates 20% 15% 65%
The importance of proteins in the nutrition of athletes: -For the formation of muscle fibers;
To restore tissue after injury;
For metabolic processes, the intensity of which is especially high in athletes;
For normal functioning of the immune system;
To regulate hormonal processes;
For a complete supply of oxygen to the body.
The importance of fats in the nutrition of athletes: -To improve metabolism -For strength, endurance and reaction speed -To supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients -To prevent hypervitaminosis
The importance of carbohydrates in the nutrition of athletes: -For muscle growth and stimulation -The main source of energy in the body -For the coordinated functioning of the gastrointestinal tract -To restore strength after training -To improve the general condition of the body
SOME VITAMINS IN THE NUTRITION OF ATHLETES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE
Vitamin C
Plays one of the most important roles in the athlete’s body. Provides the formation of new connective tissue substance. Improves metabolism.
Vitamin B6
Participates in all processes of muscle tissue growth. Important for proper absorption of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.
Vitamin D
Vitamin B2
Helps increase endurance. Reduces signs of fatigue. Helps absorb elements important for muscle contraction.
Vitamin E
Regulates muscle fatigue, improves protein metabolism. Indispensable for serious physical activity
Participates in almost all metabolic processes. Relieves symptoms of overexertion and anemia. It should be used especially during periods of high psychophysical stress.
Protein Important for compensating for general protein deficiency and active muscle building
Protein bars The most convenient source of protein and carbohydrates. They satisfy hunger well and suppress appetite for a long period of time.
Gainer A combination of easily digestible proteins and carbohydrates. Helps to quickly gain weight, provide increased energy and easy recovery after
BCAA The three most important amino acids. Helps you lose as little muscle as possible when burning fat.
Glutamine The main source of glutamine in the body. Protects the immune system and promotes active recovery of the body
Complex amino acids A source of amino acids in case of their deficiency in the body. Combination of the most important amino acids for the body
FEATURES OF DEVELOPING A MENU FOR AN ATHLETE
When compiling a sports menu, you should definitely follow the nutritional rules and calculate the calorie content. Particular attention should be paid to the list of products, the peculiarities of heat treatment, and the development of special dishes. All of the above must correspond to the requests and needs of the athlete’s body.
All food is usually divided into 6 main groups: - Fermented milk products - Animal products - Bakery and flour products; sources of fast carbohydrates (sugar) -Fats -Vegetables -Fruits and berries In sports nutrition, preference should be given to animal products as sources of protein, as well as vegetables and fruits as sources of vitamins and minerals. But at the same time, the athlete’s menu should not be overloaded with one or more food groups; products from all groups should be consumed in relatively equal proportions. Fried foods and fast food should be excluded from the diet. You should also reduce your consumption of baked goods and foods with excessive starch content.
EXAMPLE OF AN ATHLETE MENU FOR THREE DAYS:
Second day:
breakfast– oatmeal with milk with dried fruits, nuts, 2 boiled eggs, a glass of milk or kefir;
lunch– low-fat kefir, several bananas, orange;
dinner– boiled chicken breast, buckwheat porridge, vegetable salad, juice;
afternoon tea– a sandwich with ham and low-fat cheese, a glass of milk;
dinner– assorted vegetables, chicken or beef chop, a glass of milk.
The first day:
breakfast– muesli with milk, a couple of boiled eggs, juice;
lunch– cottage cheese with pancakes, a glass of milk;
dinner– borscht, pilaf with meat, cocoa with milk;
afternoon tea– fruit slices from bananas, oranges, apples, kiwi, a glass of yogurt;
dinner– boiled chicken breast, vegetable salad, juice.
Day three:
breakfast– roast with cheese in a pot, orange, glass of milk;
lunch– meat pie, yogurt or kefir;
dinner– pea soup with meat, jacket potatoes, stewed vegetables, juice;
afternoon tea– cauliflower in batter, a glass of milk;
dinner– boiled chicken breasts with broccoli, banana, juice.
Nutrition at low temperatures Energy intake from food must be increased by 3-5% for every 10°C below the average temperature, starting from +10°C. When training in low temperatures, athletes make some changes to their diet. Due to increased energy expenditure, the calorie content of food consumed should be increased by 15-25% - primarily due to animal fats, as well as the protein content in the diet. Consumption of vitamins C and B should exceed the norm by 30-50%. On the recommendation of a doctor, additional vitamin D intake or ultraviolet irradiation are possible. Complex fortification should be carried out.
Nutrition at high temperatures The amount of salt and spices in food should be increased to stimulate the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, which is significantly reduced at high temperatures. It is recommended to reduce the amount of protein consumed and increase the amount of carbohydrates; animal proteins and fats will be especially useful at high temperatures and should be taken in liquid form (for example, milk). It is recommended to monitor and promptly increase the level of vitamins such as A, group B, C, PP. In conditions of elevated temperatures, the calorie content of the diet should be reduced due to the consumption of fat.
Nutrition for athletes before competitions: When planning nutrition before a competition, it should be taken into account that food taken 12 hours before the competition is especially important; food taken, for example, 4 hours before the competition, is unlikely to play an important role. Before competitions, it is recommended to eat more potatoes, bread, sauces, rice and other sources of carbohydrates in the body. You should eat very little fat and be very careful with spices and table salt. Before competitions, food should contain as little fiber as possible, so you should avoid eating vegetables and fruits. The last meal before the competition is recommended to be taken no later than 4 hours before the start of the competition.
Nutrition for athletes during competitions:
On competition days, it is recommended to eat breakfasts that include strong broth, boiled chicken with rice or meat with a small amount of boiled potatoes, soft-boiled eggs, white bread, compotes, tea. At a distance (marathon running, race walking, skiing), food should be exclusively liquid or semi-liquid, pleasant and slightly sour in taste, food should be warm. During competitions, you should never change your usual diet. You should stick to dishes that have a high energy value in a small volume.
Nutrition for athletes after competitions:
Within 3-4 days after the competition, you should reduce the amount of fat consumed in your diet. It should be enriched with an increased amount of carbohydrates and foods containing lipotropic substances. During the recovery period, you should consume foods such as cottage cheese, milk, lactic acid products, meat, liver, oatmeal and buckwheat porridge. 30% of the fat consumed during this period should be given to vegetable fats. Particular attention should be paid to vitamins.
PRODUCTS FOR GAINING MUSCLE MASS
Fish and seafood
Pasta
Chicken breast
CONCLUSION: Proper sports nutrition is an important component of the life of any athlete. Such a diet must comply with the norms and rules, be balanced and selected individually. Athletes’ food should be selected taking into account the KBJU for people involved in physical activity. The diet largely depends on the stage of the athlete’s training and individual needs. Nutrition for an athlete is the basis for a beautiful body, strength and increased endurance.
Sports nutrition is a special group of food products produced primarily for people leading an active lifestyle, involved in sports and fitness. Taking sports nutrition is aimed, first of all, at improving athletic performance, increasing strength and endurance, strengthening health, increasing muscle volume, normalizing metabolism, achieving optimal body weight, and, in general, increasing the quality and length of life. In Russia, sports food is classified as dietary supplements. Sports nutrition is developed and manufactured on the basis of scientific research in various fields, for example, in physiology and dietetics and, most often, is a carefully selected concentrated mixture of basic nutritional elements, specially processed for best absorption by the human body. Sports nutrition has nothing to do with doping, although some supplements contain caffeine, the consumption of which in large quantities is even prohibited in some sports. Compared to regular food, which can take hours to digest, sports supplements require minimal time and digestive effort to break down and absorb, and many types of sports nutrition have a high energy value. It is important to note the following: experts classify sports nutrition specifically as a supplement, since its proper use is an addition to the main diet consisting of regular products, and not a complete replacement for them.
The choice of the required type of products for consumption is made depending on the goals set when drawing up the training program. For example, to reduce body weight, take fat burners, L-carnitine, which accelerate the utilization of fats in the body and also improve the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria. If you need to gain muscle mass, then use sports supplements that fall into the categories of gainers, proteins, amino acids, and testosterone boosters. Also, in the range of sports nutrition there are many complex products that can restore strength and energy, improve overall metabolism and many body functions. Sports nutrition cannot be classified as a drug; its correct use is safe and non-addictive. You can select the necessary products and purchase them, for example, in one of the specialized online stores selling sports nutrition. It is advisable to select sports nutrition necessary for training in accordance with the recommendations of qualified specialists in this field.
The main principle of nutrition is balance and achieving a specific sports goal. The required composition is selected according to need and ease of consumption. The energy for each cell is the hydrolysis of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which is synthesized by the cells of the body from carbohydrates. Thus, in human nutrition, carbohydrates play an important role in providing energy for life. Food proteins are used by body cells as the main material for the construction of tissues. They can be sent to produce ATP, but at the expense of more energy. Proteins are absorbed by the body's cells using the biochemical "food" signal provided by the hormone insulin. Insulin is reflexively produced by the pancreas when carbohydrates enter the digestive tract. The ratio of protein and carbohydrate intake should not exceed one quarter of protein in relation to carbohydrates, then the amount of insulin produced will be enough to absorb protein. The optimal amount of protein a person consumes per day may be approximately 0.7 g per kilogram of a person's dry weight. The total amount of protein that an athlete should consume is approximately 1 g to 1.5 g per kilogram of weight.
Different foods are digested at different rates, and this rate is often independent of their calorie content. Before physical activity, they usually consume quickly digestible foods, and during sleep, slowly digestible foods. In general, carbohydrates have the fastest absorption rate, followed by proteins, and lipids (fats) take the longest to digest. Preparations containing protein are classified according to the rate of absorption, depending on the type of protein included in their composition. Whey protein has a maximum absorption rate; casein protein (curd protein), on the contrary, is a “slow” protein. Quite often, in sports nutrition, separately produced proteins and amino acids are mixed with carbohydrate-containing products.
A good protein contains at least 60g of protein per 100g (equivalent to 20g of protein per 33g serving). Always compare protein not just by price, but by protein content per hundred grams of product.
Bodybuilding has its own laws and rules, non-compliance with which will result in a lack of results. The most important rule is a special diet. A high-protein diet for an athlete is the key to success, because it is thanks to protein that rapid gains in muscle mass occur, burning subcutaneous fat and protecting muscles from self-destruction.
SPORTS NUTRITION AND HEALTH
Prepared by: Novikova M.A., biology teacher
Municipal budgetary educational institution
“Secondary school No. 3 named after. V. P. Chkalova" Arzamas
Let's consider athletes. They are determined and purposeful people, constantly moving forward. As a rule, people begin to engage in any kind of sport from childhood, constantly increasing the load. Let's prove this using an example from life.
The most popular sports nutrition is protein, an easily digestible protein.
Increases the production of a hormone responsible for muscle growth. A person does not have to consume protein, you can simply add more protein to your diet, because protein contains various food flavors and taste enhancers, so you should not consume it in large quantities.
glutamine
This is an essential amino acid necessary for the normal functioning of life processes. It participates in the protein synthesis of the body, improves immunity, and transmits impulses to the muscles. Glutamine is essential for athletes.
Necessary for muscle contraction (the more it enters the body, the more resilient the muscles become). Therefore, for effective training it is simply necessary. Creatine is included in almost all sports nutritional supplements. Among the best products for power sports, Mesomorph APS can be noted, which was able to combine all the unique technologies.
These are nutritional supplements that promote lean mass growth. They are used as additional sources of energy. The main purpose of using mass gainers is to build muscle. According to scientists, this sports supplement does not harm the body. Athletes can use it immediately after training. The Serious Mass gainer from Optimum Nutrition is considered the best.
Energy
They contain the following ingredients: caffeine, glucose, sucrose, theobromine and taurine, glucuronolactone and L-carnitine, Vitamins B and D-ribose, guarana and ginseng. Energy drinks also contain dyes and preservatives, which make the drink addictive. Therefore, do not spoil your health, find more effective and healthy ways to increase energy
Comments from the Internet on the topic of sports nutrition:
If you decide to include sports supplements in your diet, you must follow the following rules:
Each nutritional supplement has its own course of use; to start it, you need to take tests that will show you whether you can use sports nutrition (general and biochemical blood tests). Three months later, after the course ends, you need to donate blood again to be sure that the supplements do not harm your body. To be safe, the tests should be compared by a doctor.
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