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For the full development of the child, you need to deal with him daily. By the age of 2-3, children already have many knowledge and skills that need to be further developed, as well as taught new things.
As before, classes should be carried out in a playful way so that the baby is interested. When planning classes, alternate physical and mental activities, pay attention to the fact that the baby develops in all directions.
Lesson "Modeling"
For modeling, it is better to use not plasticine, but dough. It is more flexible and safer.
Teach your baby to pinch off small pieces, roll balls, sausages. You can use molds with which the baby can make figures. Closer to three years, a child can be taught to sculpt simple figures, for example, a snowman, a snake. You can also make simple applications with the help of the test. Lay out small pieces of dough on a pre-prepared drawing, which the son or daughter will smooth out, attaching to the picture in accordance with the color.
Lesson "Drawing"
Pencils, crayons, paints are suitable for drawing. Drawing, the baby at the same time learns colors. Children 2-3 years old, as a rule, already know how to draw lines, circles. It is good to teach children to depict pictures consisting of these elements. For example, in order for the kid to learn how to draw the sun, it is advisable to first show yourself how it is done, then draw a circle and a few rays, and then invite the child to finish drawing the sun. Soon he will learn to draw on his own. At this age, you need to learn to color without going beyond the outline.
Give the child a large sheet of paper and let the child draw what he wants at the moment.
Lesson "Creating Applications"
Applications can be made from paper, natural materials, cereals.
Lesson with children 2-3 years old "Reading"
When reading books, you need to pay attention to the pictures. Ask more often what is shown in the picture. Read rhymes in which the child can add phrases. Closer to three years, ask questions about the read fairy tale. Make riddles. Let the little one choose the book he wants to read on his own.
Lesson "Theater"
Use figures of people and animals, assigning a certain role to the baby. At first, the child will give the figures, name them, gradually pronounce the words assigned to his hero.
Lesson "Speech apparatus"
Teach your child to blow bubbles, play the flute, this will help in the future in pronunciation of words.
At this age, it is important to consolidate and improve knowledge about shapes and colors, sizes, quantitative indicators. Develop an understanding of the seasons of the year, the time of day.
Put items of various shapes and colors in a box. Ask the baby to give only round objects, then only red objects to those.
Pour beans and beans or buttons of various sizes on a plate. Ask to sort small and large items.
Put various items in a box, ask them to separate fruits and animals.
Currently, there are many games that help develop memory and thinking. These are all kinds of lotos with shapes, flowers, animals, vegetables and other items, games in which the task is to find the same items, find a pair, various puzzles. Children willingly play such games and remember the name of objects, their signs.
For the development of fine motor skills, mosaics, finger gymnastics, fastening locks, lacing, pouring cereals are suitable.
Teach your little one to do household chores. Play that a bear will come to visit, for example. Let the little person set the table, arrange the cups, pour tea.
Ask for help with cleaning, dusting, sweeping.
Let the baby put his favorite toy to bed, comb the doll, dress it.
Charging, gymnastics, dancing help the child to keep fit. The kid must be taught to walk in a straight line, through obstacles, climb labyrinths, jump.
Let the child listen to different music so that he understands the concept of fast and slow, fun and sad.
The main task of classes with a child aged 2 to 3 years is the development of a harmonious perception of himself in the world around him. We present you a list of activities that you need to do with your baby to develop his personality during this period.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND NOISY GAMES
1. walking (curved roads, on a log or plank, on a hill, over bumps)
2. running (chasing, hurdles)
3. games with a ball or balls (throw, roll, wear, catch)
4. jumping (over obstacles, rubber bands, hopscotch)
5. climbing (Swedish wall, sofa, hoop, tunnel)
6. massage for legs and on the back (all sorts of massage mats, croup, walking on tiptoe, etc.)
7. round dances and dances
8. hang on rings, crossbars, walk on hands
9. swimming or playing in the water
10. hide and seek
11. charging incl. with rhymes
12. bike
MOTOR
1. Touch, sort out, fasten (buttons, fasteners, eyelets, buttons, toggle switches)
2. Buckets and boxes with holes and inserts (small objects or figures)
3. something to tear
4. Beans, pasta, cereals (pour, sort, salt, sort, do crafts, sift)
5. All sorts of sticky pictures
6. Cooking dough, salads, tea, etc.
7. Lacing different
8. Sand (kulichiki, secrets)
9. Laying out from pencils, pebbles, beans
10. Constructors, cubes, blocks
11. finger games
CREATION
1. Watercolor, gouache, finger paints (draw)
2. Plasticine, dough (crafts, pinch off pieces)
3. All kinds of applications (from cut out pictures, figures, torn pieces)
4. Felt pens, pencils, pens (to draw)
5. Children's scissors (learn to cut)
6. Natural material - crafts (cones, nuts, pebbles)
7. Outline molds
8. Crafts together (rag dolls, doll houses, garages for cars, papier-mâché, etc.)
ROLE-PLAYING GAMES
1. Feed, dress, bathe, put to sleep, treat dolls, incl. paper dolls.
2. Shop, hairdresser
3. Cars and other modes of transport
MEMORY, LOGIC, COLOR, FORM, VOLUME
1. With cards and toys (what is superfluous, what is added, what is different, what was removed, what has changed, find a couple, find a similar one, feed animals, distribute houses, generalizations, etc.)
2. Sequences (from beads, cubes, cards)
3. Dominoes
4. Puzzles, split pictures, selection of shapes
5. Nikitin games
6. Systematization and comparison of toys, cards or figures (by shape, volume, color, shade, projection, jars and lids). What do the objects in the house look like?
HEARING, SMELL, TASTE, TOUCH
1. Sounding instruments and household items (play, guess what sounds, noise level sequences)
2. Various music (classical, folk, songs). Draw to music, do exercises.
3. Guess smells and tastes
4. Fabrics, rough paper, objects different to the touch. Guess the object by touch
5. Command execution
READING, COUNTING, SPEECH DEVELOPMENT
1. Learning numbers, letters and syllables in many different ways. Reading signs, homemade books, Zaitsev cubes, presentations on Doman and others.
2. Counting objects, matching numbers and quantities.
3. Insert a word or phrase into a rhyme
4. Stories with leading questions, special errors,
5. Come up with a name for the subject, day
6. Riddles, descriptions of objects (smooth, cold…)
7. A variety of books, cartoons, educational films, audio fairy tales.
THE WORLD AROUND US
1. Family (who is who, photos, stories)
2. Animals, cubs, where they live, what they eat, what they give, what sounds they make, how they look (pictures, presentations, fairy tales, performances)
3. Calendar, time, weather and phenomena, seasons, days of the week, holidays
4. Grow plants, feed birds
5. Light and shade
6. Puppet or the like. performances of fairy tales, theatre.
7. Wash dishes, wash the floor, sweep, etc.
8. Items and their purpose. (Clothes, objects in the house, on the street).
9. What is edible and what is not.
10. Opposites (wet-dry, cold-hot)
11. Transformations (ice in water, sugar in water). Dissolving and mixing colors.
12. Planets, space, other people, other countries, landscapes (mountains, rivers) (stories, presentations, pictures)
13. Communication, etiquette, telephone, courtesy
14. Measurements (height, length, weight, volume)
1. Sensory development:
- Color (4 main);
- Size (long-short, high-medium-low, large-medium-small);
- Shape (circle, ring);
- Sensations (soft-hard, sinking-not sinking);
2. Development of elementary mathematical concepts:
- Concepts (“the same”, “many-few”, “the same”, “equally”);
- Development of spatial orientation on the plane (upper/lower right/left corner, center);
- Account up to 2;
3. Development of speech:
- Singing Zaitsev's table;
- Breathing exercises;
- Articulation gymnastics;
- Auditory development (loud-quiet, distinguishing sounds, developing the ability to distinguish words similar in sound, developing the ability to repeat a rhythmic pattern);
- Onomatopoeia (pets and birds);
- Development of the ability to speak in sentences;
4. Development of fine motor skills:
- Lacing;
- Labyrinths;
- Winding threads on a ball;
- Use of a spoon and a sieve;
- 2-finger capture of objects;
- putting an object on a stick through a narrow hole;
5. Development of design skills:
- Planar (counting sticks);
- Volumetric (a tower of 2 cubes, a fence of bricks, a booth of 3 parts);
6. Development of ideas about the world around:
- Poultry and animals (duck, chicken, rooster, pig, ram);
- Wild animals (squirrel, crocodile, "who eats what");
- Musical instruments (metallophone, drum);
- Fruits (apple);
- Paper properties;
- Air;
- Autumn;
7. Development of mental processes: perception, visual-effective and visual-figurative thinking, memory, attention.
8. Development of creativity: The use of a variety of traditional and non-traditional drawing, appliqué, and modeling techniques.
NOTES
*** The program was tested on the basis of the network of child development centers "Wunderkindiki"
*** When creating this program, more than 100 sources were used, which include both classical concepts of children's methods and innovative ones: Vygotsky, Zaporozhets, Zhukova, Kuznetsova, Kazakova, Gerasimova, Nikitin, Montessori, Zaitsev, the programs "Rainbow", "Childhood", "Development ”and many others, as well as our own developments by Shakarov, Luchin, Vereshchagin.
***
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Friends, if you want to practice systematic developmental activities with a child of 2-3 years old at home, but don’t know where to start, we recommend that you carefully read this material, save the article to your favorites or print its key points. Without going into details and without dwelling on individual developmental games and exercises, we will tell you what you need to pay special attention to when practicing with babies of this age, and we will show you how to draw up an effective development plan.
Interesting? Then let's get started!
Health is the main value at any age. A set of physical exercises selected by age is an effective tool for maintaining and strengthening health. Active outdoor games - The best way physical development in preschool age. Is your baby already 2 years old? Actively instill in him a love of sports, using all available methods for this.
In addition to general motor skills, i.e. dexterity, coordination, strength, speed of large muscle movements, it is important to develop fine motor skills hands By training children's fingers to perform delicate work, you develop the child's intellectual abilities, stimulate the speech sections of the brain, and improve the properties of children's memory and attention. For the development of fine motor skills at 2-3 years old, you can still use hand massage and simple finger gymnastics exercises for babies. But do not forget to connect more complex tasks for classes with an older toddler.
By the age of two, a child's vocabulary is about 50 words. Naturally, we remind you that children are different, and if your baby has not yet started talking at the age of 2, there is no reason to panic, but there is motivation for more diligent pedagogical work on the development of speech. It is important that the little one constantly hears the correct adult speech around him, that they talk to him, that he is stimulated in every possible way to express his thoughts, desires and needs with the help of words. By the age of three, the baby should already learn how to correctly compose phrases of 4-5 words, learn rhymes and songs, maintain a simple conversation on everyday topics, and understand verbal instructions well.
In early childhood, kids are big dreamers. An attentive attitude to children's fantasies, competent work in directing them into a creative direction helps the cause of educating a creative, creative person with a developed imagination. It is important to understand that sometimes, carried away by a fictional world, kids pass off their fantasies at face value. In this case, you can not scold the child for lying: learn to distinguish deception from the fruitful work of the imagination. Teach your child to distinguish fiction from reality, but be tactful and patient for this. Create favorable conditions for the effective implementation of creative imagination.
We wish you successful studies. May your parenthood be happy! See you soon!
2 years will be the starting point for his further development, help the baby adapt among peers, diversify leisure. A child who was properly and effectively dealt with in early childhood is more receptive to science and creativity at an older age.
Today, modern children are well versed in the computer and love to watch a variety of television programs. Of course, it makes life easier for moms. They put the kids in jail for watching cartoons and can easily do household chores. But in fact, classes with a child of 2 years old should not be so scarce. During this period, speech is laid and memory, intelligence, and the ability to think creatively develop.
Set aside time every day to play educational games with your baby. But keep in mind the fact that children during this period are very restless. It is difficult for them to focus on one activity, they want to splash out energy in active entertainment. Allocate time correctly: one lesson should not last longer than 15-20 minutes.
You need to be able to enjoy the process of playing with the baby. Of course, classes with a child of 2 years in kindergarten will include instructive forms and introductory moments. Many educators give homework, which is designed to be completed with parents. Don't ignore him. But if the baby does not attend a preschool, then create and study at home. Classes with such a small child should be carried out only in a playful way. You can not force the baby to do what he does not want. This approach can discourage the desire to study at a very early age.
Classes with a child of 2 years old at home can be easily diversified. Today, a lot of educational games and all kinds of materials are provided. In any case, such a process should be bright and carry only positive aspects. When the baby feels that he is being forced, interest will disappear instantly.
The child grows and becomes more active and quick-witted every month. Do not miss this chance and direct all your energy in the right direction. You may notice that the growing little man has become capricious and wants to assert his own "I". He often uses hand pushes and foot stomp, all part of child psychology. Learn to patiently explain what you can and cannot do. Treat your baby as an adult and try to squat while communicating so that your eyes are at the level of his face.
A 2-year-old child learns by imitating. Therefore, if you want to raise an inquisitive and knowledge-seeking person, do not sit all day in front of the TV and do not chat with your friends on the phone all evening. Your idleness will set a bad example for the child. It is better to sit your son or daughter next to you at the table, give him a pencil and a piece of paper for drawing, and guess the crossword or read a book yourself. You can draw with your child.
At this age, the child wants to do everything himself. Do not beat off the hunt for independence from the very beginning! If your little one wants to put on pantyhose or zip up a sweater, wait patiently while he fiddles with buttons or a naughty leg. Help only when the child asks for it. Whether the child did well or not, praise him.
Classes with children 2 years old should start with development. Get blocks or a designer, build towers and houses with your baby. First, start with primitive figures, after a couple of days the child will begin to assemble such structures on his own. Just do not play silently, talk to your child all the time and show emotions. Speak words of encouragement and praise him.
Probably, every mother notices that during this period, children actively want to take part in household chores. Let them sweep or hand them a dusting cloth. This is how you lay the initial foundation for understanding what help is. Always let him help you, otherwise you will have to force him to do house cleaning in the future.
Of course, a lesson with a child of 2 years old can be entrusted to a professional nanny. But you must admit, why at such a great time to give the baby into the hands of someone else's aunt? Entertaining games bring parents and children very close, be sure to attract the attention of the father as well. Children should feel the integrity of the family. You will not notice how quickly time passes and the baby grows up. Therefore, take the opportunity to play with your child, at the same time develop important abilities and discover a little personality. All this will be very useful in later life.
Design activities that will develop specific abilities of your child. For example, creative or speech. Alternate tasks with outdoor games, preferably outdoors. The time of each lesson with a two-year-old child should not exceed twenty minutes. At this age, it is quite difficult to focus on one subject.
At two years old, your child should not only know the name of the object, but also give a short description of it. Ask to tell as often as possible what the baby has seen and to retell the fairy tales you have read. To do this, it is necessary to conduct thematic classes with the child. 2 years is the age when children are inquisitive and love to listen and watch. As you read the stories, analyze what is happening. Finger puppets can be used. Put on little theater shows with questions and answers.
For example, when reading a fairy tale, skip a word, ask the child to add his own words that fit the meaning. Do the same with poems - let the child say the ending. Always use facial expressions and body movements when telling another interesting story. Children love when there is some action. Toys, cardboard pictures and dolls will be great characters for your stories.
After each book you read, ask questions about the content. Let the child develop mindfulness and memory. Pay attention to small things and details. When reading dialogues, always change voices. The child must represent all the characters in detail. Also ask him to retell - let him use facial expressions and voice.
In bookstores you can find very interesting publications that contain poems for the development of speech. They are used by speech therapists when working with children who have a clear imitate sounds and ask how this or that animal speaks. Get pictures with images of various animals, show your baby, let him imitate their voices. Usually children like to play such a game and after a while they bring cards with pictures on their own. Each parent should conduct classes with a child of 2 years for the development of speech.
Touch is very important for children. You probably noticed that at 1.5 years old the child carefully watched his hands. Now you need to learn how to control the limbs. Classes with a child of 2 years old should include playing with fingers. Learn rhymes that will turn the lesson into an interesting story. Let the baby bend and unbend the corresponding fingers, study the game "Okay". With the help of such exercises, hand coordination develops. Touch your child's hands as often as possible. Such physical contact with parents is very important for every child.
Why is it important to develop fine motor skills? Because when the fingers work, nerve impulses provoke the development of those parts of the brain that are responsible for the speech apparatus. So, responsible for. In addition, this is a good preparation for future calligraphy classes.
Bring a variety of materials that feel different (a piece of fur, velvet paper, foil, a bag of beads, plastic, leather). Let the baby touch them and say what he feels. Classes with a child of 2 years old with plasticine are very useful for motor skills. You need to start by sculpting simple figures, let the children learn to make a circle, square, triangle from plasticine. Further, you can purchase cut-out forms. You roll a thin layer of plasticine, and let the baby cut out various stencils. Every week complicate the classes, show that a lot can be molded from such material.
Give him pencils in his hands, let the child learn to draw. Just try to explain right away that kalyaki-malaki can only be made in a special album. At first, do not leave children alone with felt-tip pens and pencils, otherwise unpleasant surprises may await you. Show how to draw primitive objects that consist of sticks and circles.
Come up with a child of 2 years for every day that will develop attention. It is very important that the baby does not differ in absent-mindedness, otherwise this quality will be difficult to eradicate over the years. At two years old, the child does only what he is interested in. At this age, the baby can abruptly throw one toy and start playing with another. At the age of 2.5 years, passive attention develops into active attention. Then it is important for parents not to miss the moment.
Start playing hide and seek. Put the toy in the baby's room and ask to find it. Repeat this game several times, each time hiding the thing in a new place. You can stick figures all over the room. For example, cut out mushrooms from cardboard, come up with a symbolic basket, and let the children harvest the "harvest" throughout the apartment.
Shadow play is suitable for older children. This requires objects and their silhouettes. The child must match and find the correct shadows to the main pictures. The game “Build according to the drawing” develops the attention well. To do this, take cubes and other details from which you can build various shapes. After that, draw a drawing of the future structure on paper, and let the child look at the drawing and build. All children just love these games. You will see what a wonderful result the classes with the child give. A two-year-old child needs to be constantly engaged.
In the future, the ability to switch attention from one to another will be very useful. For this to happen naturally, it is necessary to start classes from childhood. To do this, guess the moment when the baby will be actively involved in something. Next, ask a question, and if the child begins to react to it, then the process has begun. For example, when a child draws, ask him what he ate in kindergarten. It is necessary that children can simultaneously do their own business and at the same time carry on conversations. It will make adult life much easier. You have probably come across people who are doing some kind of business and at the same time not only cannot talk, but also turn off the TV or radio. They are distracted by any rustle and background noise.
What is memory? This is the ability to reflect past experience. From the very birth, the baby perfectly develops reflexes that are based on memory. At first, the baby does not react to his parents in any way, but then he begins to smile at his mother, who is associated with food. He just remembered that it was this woman who was able to give milk. This is a primitive example, which is based on the child's first memory experience.
At 2-3 years old, involuntary memory manifests itself: the baby remembers some words and simple verses. Naturally, in order to remember them, it is necessary to repeatedly speak and show them. For this, developmental activities are needed for the child. 2 years is a very important age. Use toys and picture cards, remember that the lessons should not last more than 30 minutes.
Consider a few simple games that will help develop memorization skills.
A child at the age of two chooses bright objects. Of the logic toys that carry information about the shape and size, choose only one item. Today, play with a pyramid, on the base of which you need to put rings in size. Dedicate the next day to the house, on the roof of which there are holes in the form of cubes. Put together all the items with the baby. Defiantly show that a round hole does not fit a square.
Organize activities with a 2-year-old child that will allow them to explore colors. First, show cards of one color and say clearly what color it is. Then ask your child to point to the card when you name the color. Further, the task becomes more complicated: throw a bunch of toys of different colors and ask them to arrange them by color in different containers.
Well develops the logic of adding details. Leave the room and put on, for example, a scarf. Ask your child about what item was added to your image.
Cut the picture into two parts and show that by connecting the parts, the image becomes complete. Then increase the number of cut pieces.
In fact, a lot of different toys have been invented that develop thinking and logic. Buy such items and pay attention to the game. Only in this way will the child understand how to play complex toys. Do not ignore the baby, always come to his aid if you notice that he cannot figure it out. Puzzles and a designer should be in every child. Ask to build a tower of the same color or put only yellow items in a box. Classes with a child of 2 years old with colored paper will also lead to the fact that the child will begin to memorize colors. Always explain your actions and state the request in detail. For example, “bring a pink bunny that sits near the horse”, “give green shoes that we put on small legs.” So it turns out to remember more words.
Come up with new developmental activities for the child. 2 years is an important period in the formation of thinking and logic. Every kid loves to spend time with their parents, so pay as much attention as possible to your child. Independent play leads to the fact that children grow up closed and taciturn. And it is very difficult for such children to adapt in modern society.
Classes with a child of 2 years at home must be carried out daily. Read and talk more. Listen to many funny children's songs, teach your baby to move to the music. If you see that dancing is interesting to him, then do not ignore the talent and enroll the child in the appropriate circle. The development of the child depends only on the parents. Classes allow not only to acquire skills, but also to reveal talents.